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UNIT I-IoT Protocols

IoT devices communicate using various protocols that ensure data is sent and understood across different devices and networks. The choice of protocol depends on the system architecture and specific use cases, with options like MQTT, CoAP, and DDS catering to different needs. Each layer of the IoT protocol stack, from physical to application, plays a crucial role in facilitating efficient communication between devices.

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24 views4 pages

UNIT I-IoT Protocols

IoT devices communicate using various protocols that ensure data is sent and understood across different devices and networks. The choice of protocol depends on the system architecture and specific use cases, with options like MQTT, CoAP, and DDS catering to different needs. Each layer of the IoT protocol stack, from physical to application, plays a crucial role in facilitating efficient communication between devices.

Uploaded by

Shipra Pradhan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IoT protocols: How IoT devices communicate with the network

IoT devices communicate using IoT protocols. Internet protocol (IP) is a set of rules that
dictates how data gets sent to the internet. IoT protocolsensure that information from one
device or sensor gets read and understood by another device, a gateway, a service. Different
IoT protocols havebeen designed and optimized for different scenarios and usage. Given the
diverse array of IoT devices available, using the right protocol in the right context is
important.

What IoT protocol is right for me?


The type of IoT protocol you’ll need depends on the system architecture layer that the data
will travel in. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)model provides a map of the various
layers that send and receive data. Each IoT protocol in the IoT system architecture enables
device-to-device,device-to-gateway, gateway-to-data center, or gateway-to-cloud
communication, as well as communication between data centers.

Application layer
The application layer serves as the interface between the user and thedevice within a given IoT
protocol.

Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)


A software layer that creates interoperability between messagingmiddleware.
It helps a range of systems and applications work together,creating
standardized messaging on an industrial scale.
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
A constrained-bandwidth and constrained-network protocol designedfor
devices with limited capacity to connect in machine-to-
machinecommunication. CoAP is also a document-transfer protocol that
runsover User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
A versatile peer-to-peer communication protocol that does everythingfrom
running tiny devices to connecting high-performance networks.DDS
streamlines deployment, increases reliability, and reducescomplexity.
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
A messaging protocol designed for lightweight machine-to-machine
communication and primarily used for low-bandwidth connections to remote
locations. MQTT uses a publisher-subscriber pattern and is ideal for small
devices that require efficient bandwidth and battery use.
Transport layer
In any IoT protocol, the transport layer enables and safeguards the communication of the data
as it travels between layers.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

The dominant protocol for a majority of internet connectivity. It offers host-to-


host communication, breaking large sets of data into individual packets and
resending and reassembling packets as needed.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A communications protocol that enables process-to-process communication


and runs on top of IP. UDP improves data transfer rates over TCP and best
suits applications that require lossless data transmissions.

Network layer
The network layer of an IoT protocol helps individual devices communicate with the router.

IP
Many IoT protocols utilize IPv4, while more recent executions use IPv6. This
recent update to IP routes traffic across the internet and identifies and locates
devices on the network.

6LoWPAN
This IoT protocol works best with low-power devices that have limited
processing capabilities.

Data link layer


The data layer is the part of an IoT protocol that transfers data within the
system architecture, identifying and correcting errors found in the physical
layer.

IEEE 802.15.4
A radio standard for low-powered wireless connection. It’s used with Zigbee,
6LoWPAN, and other standards to build wireless embedded networks.

LPWAN
Low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) networks enable communication
across distances of 500 meters to over 10km in some places. LoRaWAN is an
example of LPWAN that’s optimized for low power consumption.

Physical layer
The physical layer is the communication channel between devices within a specific
environment.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
BLE dramatically reduces power consumption and cost and maintains a
similar connectivity range as classic Bluetooth. BLE works natively across
mobile operating systems and is fast becoming a favorite for consumer
electronics due to its low cost and long battery life.

Ethernet
This wired connection is a less expensive option that provides fast data
connection and low latency.

Long-term evolution (LTE)


A wireless broadband communication standard for mobile devices and data
terminals. LTE increases the capacity and speed of wireless networks and
supports multicast and broadcast streams.

Near field communication (NFC)

A set of communication protocols using electromagnetic fields that allows two


devices to communicate from within four centimeters of each other. NFC-
enabled devices function as identity keycards and are commonly used for
contactless mobile payments, ticketing, and smart cards.

Power Line Communication (PLC)


A communication technology that enables the sending and receiving of data
over existing power cables. This allows you to both power and control an IoT
device through the same cable.

Radio frequency identification (RFID)


RFID uses electromagnetic fields to track otherwise unpowered electronic
tags. Compatible hardware supplies power and communicate with these tags,
reading their information for identification and authentication.

Wi-Fi/802.11
Wi-Fi/802.11 is a standard in homes and offices. Although it’s an inexpensive
option, it may not suit all scenarios due to its limited range and 24/7 energy
consumption.

Z-Wave
A mesh network using low-energy radio waves to communicate from
appliance to appliance.

Zigbee
An IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication
protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital
radios.

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