Scribd
Upload
10 views

Unit-2-Lecture-4-Controlling-Program-Flow

Bca

Uploaded by

Anu K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

Unit-2-Lecture-4-Controlling-Program-Flow

Bca

Uploaded by

Anu K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

PHP Programming

COMP203TH
Unit-II
Lecture: 4
Controlling Program Flow
(PHP Conditional events and loops)

PHP lets programmers evaluate different conditions during the course of a


program and take decisions based on whether these conditions evaluate to true
of false. These conditions, and the actions associated with them, are expressed
by means of a programming construct called a conditional statement.

 The if Statement:
 simplest conditional statement.
 if X happens, do Y.
e.g. below example contains a conditional statement that checks if the
value of the $number variable is less than 0 and prints a notification
message if so.

 The condition is always enclosed in the parentheses.


 If the condition evaluates to true, the code within the curly braces
is executed, if it evaluates to false, the code within the curly braces
is skipped.

 The if-else Statement:


 An improved version of the if construct that allows to define an
alternative set of actions that the program should take when the
condition specified evaluates to false.
 i.e. if X happens do Y; otherwise do Z.

e.g. in below example, an if-else statement is used to account for two


possible outcomes: a number less than zero and all other numbers.
 The if-elseif-else Statement:
 The if-elseif-else statement lets you chain together multiple if-else
statements, thus allowing the programmer to define actions for
more than just two possible outcomes.
 Syntax:

 As soon as one of the conditional statements evaluates to true, PHP


will execute the corresponding code, skip the remaining conditional
tests and jump straight to the lines following the entire if-elseif-else
block, So, even if more than one of the conditional tests evaluates to
TRUE, PHP will only execute the code corresponding to first true test.
 The switch-case Statement:
 An alternative to the if-elseif-else statement is the switch-case
statement, which does almost the same thing: it tests a variable
against a series of values until it finds a match, and then executes
the code corresponding to that match.

Syntax:

 First, a single expression n (most often a variable), is evaluated


once. The value of the expression is then compared with the values
for each case in the structure.
 If there is a match, the block of code associated with that case is
executed.

Difference between if-elseif-else and switch-case:

 Once PHP finds a case statement that evaluates to true, it executes not
only the code the code corresponding to that case statement, but also the
code for all subsequent case statements.
 If this is not what you want, add a break statement to the end of each
case block to tell PHP to break out of the switch-case statement block
once it executes the code corresponding to the first true case.

You might also like