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The document provides Python and R commands for various data manipulation tasks, including generating random numbers, removing variables, and performing mathematical operations. It also covers handling NA and Inf values in R, constructing lists and matrices, and creating DataFrames. Each command is accompanied by a brief explanation of its functionality.

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amirthavarshinimarikani1121
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9 views7 pages

Ex 1

The document provides Python and R commands for various data manipulation tasks, including generating random numbers, removing variables, and performing mathematical operations. It also covers handling NA and Inf values in R, constructing lists and matrices, and creating DataFrames. Each command is accompanied by a brief explanation of its functionality.

Uploaded by

amirthavarshinimarikani1121
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Commands

(2a) Create an n-item vector of random normal deviates

python

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import numpy as np

n = 10 # Set n to any desired number

y1 = np.random.normal(size=n)

print(y1)

Explanation:

• np.random.normal(size=n) generates n normally distributed random numbers (mean = 0, std =


1).

(2b) Create another n-item vector that has n added to each random uniform distribution

python

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y2 = np.random.uniform(size=n) + n

print(y2)

Explanation:

• np.random.uniform(size=n) generates n random numbers uniformly distributed between 0 and


1.

• Adding n shifts each value by n.

(2c) Remove a variable y1 from the workspace

python

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del y1

Explanation:

• del y1 deletes the variable y1 from memory.

(2d) Remove all variables from the workspace

python

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globals().clear()

Explanation:
• globals().clear() removes all user-defined variables.

(2e) Find the square root of 16

python

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import math

print(math.sqrt(16))

Explanation:

• math.sqrt(16) computes the square root of 16.

R Commands

(3a) Generate 10 uniformly distributed numbers (0,1)

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x <- runif(10)

print(x)

(3b) Display them using plot()

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plot(x)

(3c) Generate 5 random integers from 1 to 10 with and without replacement

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sample(1:10, 5, replace=TRUE) # With replacement

sample(1:10, 5, replace=FALSE) # Without replacement

(3d) Select 2 random months from a list of months

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months <- month.name

sample(months, 2)
(3e) Combine two strings with comma separation

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paste("Hello", "World", sep=", ")

(3f) Prefix and suffix a word with "A"

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paste("A", "word", "A", sep="")

(3g) Find the number of characters in a string

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nchar("HelloWorld")

(3h) Construct a vector of odd numbers from 1 to 10 using seq()

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odd_numbers <- seq(1, 10, by=2)

print(odd_numbers)

(3i) Find its log (base 10) and sine values

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log10(odd_numbers)

sin(odd_numbers)

(3j) Compute sum, mean, median, length, variance, standard deviation, and quantiles

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sum(odd_numbers)

mean(odd_numbers)

median(odd_numbers)
length(odd_numbers)

var(odd_numbers)

sd(odd_numbers)

quantile(odd_numbers)

(3k) Get summary of the same

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summary(odd_numbers)

(3l) Get today’s date and time

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Sys.Date()

Sys.time()

(3m) Find your age in days

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as.numeric(Sys.Date() - as.Date("YYYY-MM-DD"))

Replace YYYY-MM-DD with your birth date.

(3n) Convert to lower and upper case

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tolower("Hello World")

toupper("Hello World")

(3o) Extract the last three characters of a string

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substr("HelloWorld", nchar("HelloWorld")-2, nchar("HelloWorld"))

(3p) Sort the string in lexicographic order


r

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sort(c("banana", "apple", "cherry"))

(3q) Display strings that start with "A"

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words <- c("Apple", "Banana", "Apricot", "Avocado")

grep("^A", words, value=TRUE)

(3r) Count how many common words start with 't'

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sum(grepl("^t", tolower(words)))

(3s) Count how many common words end with a vowel

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sum(grepl("[aeiou]$", tolower(words)))

(3t) Find all words containing at least one vowel and negate

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words[!grepl("[aeiou]", words)]

(3u) Find all words consisting only of consonants

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words[grepl("^[^aeiou]+$", words)]

(3v) Sort the string in lexicographic order

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sort(words)
Handling NA and Inf Values in R

(4a) Compute mean and median while ignoring NA/Inf values

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x <- c(1:5, NA, 7:10)

y <- c(1:5, Inf, 7:10)

mean(x, na.rm=TRUE)

median(x, na.rm=TRUE)

mean(y, na.rm=TRUE)

median(y, na.rm=TRUE)

(4b) Ignore NA values

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mean(x, na.rm=TRUE)

median(x, na.rm=TRUE)

(4c) Find the length of a NULL object

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length(NULL) # Output: 0

(4d) Construct a list of a numeric vector, logical, string, and another list

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my_list <- list(numbers=c(1,2,3), flag=TRUE, text="Hello", sublist=list(a=1, b=2))

print(my_list)

(4e) Name some/all entries in a list and get object names

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names(my_list) <- c("num_vector", "logic", "str", "nested_list")

names(my_list)

(4f) Create a matrix using matrix() and diag() and perform operations

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A <- matrix(1:9, nrow=3, byrow=TRUE)

B <- diag(3) # Identity matrix

# Matrix operations

t(A) # Transpose

A %*% B # Matrix multiplication

solve(A) # Inverse of A (if it's invertible)

det(A) # Determinant

eigen(A) # Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

(4g) Construct a DataFrame and expand it

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df <- data.frame(Name=c("Alice", "Bob"), Age=c(25,30))

df$Gender <- c("Female", "Male") # Add a new column

df <- rbind(df, data.frame(Name="Charlie", Age=35, Gender="Male")) # Add a new row

print(df)

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