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Modern Physics Short Notes

The document provides detailed notes on key concepts in modern physics, including the photoelectric effect, de Broglie wavelength, Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, X-rays, nuclear physics, and radioactivity. It includes essential formulas and equations related to each topic, such as Einstein's equation for the photoelectric effect and the decay law for radioactivity. Additionally, it covers concepts like binding energy, nuclear fission and fusion, and the calculations for half-life and mean life.

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79 views3 pages

Modern Physics Short Notes

The document provides detailed notes on key concepts in modern physics, including the photoelectric effect, de Broglie wavelength, Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, X-rays, nuclear physics, and radioactivity. It includes essential formulas and equations related to each topic, such as Einstein's equation for the photoelectric effect and the decay law for radioactivity. Additionally, it covers concepts like binding energy, nuclear fission and fusion, and the calculations for half-life and mean life.

Uploaded by

y49408799
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modern Physics - Detailed Notes

1. Photoelectric Effect
Einstein's Equation:

Kmax = hν − ϕ​

where h is Planck's constant, ν is the frequency of incident light, and ϕ is the work function.
Threshold frequency (ν0 ): Minimum frequency required for photoelectric emission, ϕ
​ = hν0 .
​

2. de Broglie Wavelength
Wave-particle duality for matter:
h h
λ= =
p mv
​ ​

3. Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom

Radius of n-th orbit:

h2 2
rn = n
4π 2 me e2
​ ​

Energy of n-th orbit:

13.6
En = − eV
n2
​ ​

Velocity in n-th orbit:

e2
vn =
2ε0 hn
​ ​

4. X-Rays
Wavelength of X-rays produced in an X-ray tube:
hc
λmin =
eV
​ ​

5. Nuclear Physics

Binding Energy (BE ):

BE = Δmc2

where Δm is the mass defect.


Nuclear Fission and Fusion:
Fission: Splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei.
Fusion: Combining of light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.

6. Radioactivity
Decay Law:

N = N0 e−λt ​

Half-Life (T1/2 ): ​

ln 2
T1/2 =
λ
​ ​

Mean Life (τ ):

1
τ=
λ
​

Formula Sheet for Modern Physics


Concept Formula

Photoelectric Effect Kmax = hν − ϕ


​

h
de Broglie Wavelength λ= mv
​
Concept Formula
hc
Energy of Photon E = hν = λ
​

2
Bohr's Radius rn = n2 4π2hme e2
​

​
​

Energy in n-th Orbit En = − 13.6


​

n2
eV ​

Nuclear Binding Energy BE = Δmc2

Radioactive Decay Law N = N0 e−λt ​

ln 2
Half-Life T1/2 = ​

λ
​

1
Mean Life τ= λ
​

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