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QS Midterm

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94 views51 pages

QS Midterm

Uploaded by

humamoynicole
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METAL

REINFORCEMENT
acts together with concrete
in resisting load
Resists both tensile and compressive stresses ten times
stronger than concrete

COMPRESSION
ten times stronger than concrete in resisting
compression load
TENSION
hundred times stronger in resisting tensile stresses
Following problems has to be anticipated in estimating the
quantity of steel reinforcements:
1. Length for hook, bend, or lapping joints are often overlooked.
2. Other structural member should be treated separately and carefully
a. lateral ties
b. stirrups
c. spirals
d. dowels
e. cut bars
3. How to select bars to be ordered avoiding extra cuts
4. Tie wire should be to the minimum required
STEEL REINFORCEMENT GRADE AND USES

1. Grade 40 - Light construction


2. Grade 60 - General Construction
3. Grade 75 - High-rise buildings and heavy structures
4. Grade 80-100 - High-load infrastructure or seismic zones
5. Grade 100+ - Heavy industrial projects
BAR SPLICE, HOOK, AND BEND
BAR SPLICE, HOOK AND BEND

Determine the number of the splice for a 16mm


tensile reinforcement of a beam.
STEEL REINFORCEMENT (WALL)
Determine the vertical reinforcing bars spaced at 80cm on center
including the horizontal bars at every after three layers
TABLE 3-1. LENGTH OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK WORK
INDEPENDENT FOOTING REINFORCEMENT RULES

Know the actual dimension - length and width


Minimum underground protective covering
concrete to steel reinforcement = 7.5cm
Select appropriate length which is divisible by the cut length
If no hook or bend
Length of bar = length or width - protecting covering
(both ends)
If with allowance for hook and bend - refer to the figures
FOOTING STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Determine the number of 12mm steel bars required if there are 6 footing
with a general dimension of 1.5 x 1.5m
TIE WIRE FOR STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Gauge number 16 galvanized wire is commonly used for:
steel bar intersections
splicing joints
For CHB
Common steel rinforcement size:
10 mm
12 mm
13 mm
TIE WIRE FOR STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Rebar Tying: 16 or 18 gauge


General Construction: 18 or 20 gauge
Gardening/Light Duty: 20 gauge or thinner.
Heavy Duty: 14 or 12 gauge
POST AND COLUMN
REINFORCEMENT
to support the structure
above example roof, beams
or slab.
The reinforcement of posts and columns to be
considered in the estimates are:

1. The Main Or Vertical Reinforcement


2. The Lateral Ties or
3. The Spiral Ties for Circular Column
The quantity and length of the main reinforcement is
determined by the "Direct Counting Method" giving
special attention to the additional length for:
1. Lap- Joints of end splices
2. Allowance for bending and hook
3. Additional length for the beam depth and floor thickness if
the height of the building plan indicates from floor to floor .
BEAMS AND GIRDER
REINFORCEMENT
acts together with concrete
in resisting load
The " Direct Counting Method " is the best method in
determining the main reinforcement for the beams and
girders. Provided that in the selection of the length of the
steel bars, the following physical condition of the beam in
relation with its support should be considered.
POST AND COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
List down the main reinforcement from the footing to the second floor
using 20 mm if there are 10 columns in the plan.
LATERAL TIES
Tied column has
reinforcement consisting of
vertical bars held in a position
by lateral reinforcement called
lateral ties
ACI Provision
1. 16 x longitudinal bar diameter
2. 48 x lateral tie bar diameter
3. 48 x least dimension of column
LATERAL TIES
Determine the spacing of the lateral tie for a tied column as shown in
the figure
LATERAL TIES
A building has a series of 26 square columns having a cross sectional
dimension 30 x 30 cm with 8 pieces 20 mm. vertical reinforcing bars for
each column. Make an order of 10 mm steelbars required for making
the lateral ties
STIRRUPS FOR BEAMS
AND GIRDERS
structural reinforcing member that
holds or binds together the main
reinforcement of a beam or girder to a
designed position
Two types of stirrups commonly used are:
A concrete beam with a cross sectional dimension of 25 x 40
cm. requires 10 mm open stirrups spaced as shown. Prepare
the order of 10 mm. steel bars for stirrups of 8 beams with the
same category
ONE WAY REINFORCED
CONCRETE SLAB
a simple form of a concrete slab
supported by beams on two
opposite sides to carry the load in
one direction.
Determine the number of steel bars required including the tie wire.
Data:
Spacing of Main Reinforcement = 150 mm. (.15 m)
Temp. Bars Spacing = 250 mm. (.25 m)
Size of the Reinforcement = 13 mm. diameter
Type of Reinforcement = One Way
Determine the number of steel bars required including the tie wire.
Data:
Spacing of Main Reinforcement = 100 mm. (.10 m)
Temp. Bars Spacing = 30 mm. (.03 m)
Size of the Reinforcement = 13 mm. diameter
Type of Reinforcement = Two Way
TWO WAY REINFORCED
CONCRETE SLAB
a type of slab that is supported by
beams on all four sides and designed to
resist bending in two directions,
spanning in both the longer and shorter
directions.
Determine the number of 13 mm diameter steel bar and tie wire
required.
FORMWORKS

Form is a temporary boarding,


sheathing or pan used to produce
the desired shape and size of
concrete.
Selection of forms are based from:

!. Cost of the materials.


2. The construction and assembling cost.
3. The number of times it could be used
4. Strength and resistance to pressure and tear and wear.
Forms Using Plywood
-is a versitile construction material not only
used for walls, partitions and cabinets but also
for furnitures as well as forms for reinforced
concrete construction.
FORMULAS
Square and Rectangular Column Forms
P = 2(a+b) + 0.20

Beam and Girders Forms


P = 2(a+b) + 0.10

a = shortest side
b = longest side
Six concrete beams with a cross sectional dimension of .30 x .40 m. has a uniform
clear span of 4.50 m. specify the use of 6 mm. x 1.2 x 2.4 plywood forms on a 2 x 2
wood frame.

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