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23-1 Lesson and 23-2 Lesson Combined

The document covers logarithms in various bases, defining logarithmic functions as inverses of exponential functions and detailing their properties. It includes examples of converting between logarithmic and exponential forms, as well as applying properties such as product, quotient, and power. Additionally, it introduces natural logarithms and provides exercises for evaluating and simplifying logarithmic expressions.

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20 views5 pages

23-1 Lesson and 23-2 Lesson Combined

The document covers logarithms in various bases, defining logarithmic functions as inverses of exponential functions and detailing their properties. It includes examples of converting between logarithmic and exponential forms, as well as applying properties such as product, quotient, and power. Additionally, it introduces natural logarithms and provides exercises for evaluating and simplifying logarithmic expressions.

Uploaded by

lges9160
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 23-1 Logarithms in Other Bases

Learning Targets:
• Define the logarithm of y with base b.
• Write the Inverse Properties for logarithms.
Because logarithms are the inverses of exponents, the inverse of an
exponential function is a logarithmic function.
(The domain & range of each function are switched.)
x
Example: The inverse of y = 3 is y = log3 x.
Graph. State the domain and range in interval notation along with the asymptote.

a) b)

x 𝑥
x 𝑙𝑜𝑔 x

Domain: Domain:

Range: Range:

Asymptote: Asymptote:

x
* The domain of y = 3 is all real numbers and the range is y > 0.
* The domain of y = log3x is x > 0 and the range is all real numbers.
Logarithms with base e are called natural logarithms; “loge” is written ln.
So, loge x is written ln x.
The inverse of y = ex is y = ln x.
Examples:
1. Let g(x) = f −1(x), the inverse of function f. Write the rule for g for each
function f given below.
a. f(x) = 5x b. f(x) = log4 x c. f(x) = 7x d. f(x) = loge x

REMEMBER: If f(g(x)) = x and g(f(x)) = x, then f(x) and g(x) are inverses.

Inverse Properties of Logarithms (Assume b > 0 and b ≠ 1.)

2. Simplify each expression.


a. 6 log6x b. log3 3x+5 c. 7 log7y

d. log 109x e. ln e3x f. e5ln x


Lesson 23-2 Properties of Logarithms
Learning Targets:
• Apply the properties of logarithms in any base.
• Compare and expand logarithmic expressions.
 A logarithm is the exponent to which a specified base is
raised to obtain a given value. Read ‘log base b of x’.
x
 Exponential Equation: b = a (Ex. 23 = 8)
Logarithmic Equation: logba = x (Ex. log28 = 3)

Notice that the logarithmic expression is equal to 3, which is the


exponent in the exponential expression.
EXAMPLES:
Write each logarithmic equation in exponential form.
1
1. log7 49 = 2 2. log8 8 = ____ 3. log91 = ____ 4. log4 = ____
16

Write each exponential equation in logarithmic form.


5. 62 = 36 6. 51 = 5 7. 60 = ____ 8. 2-3 = ____

Evaluate without a calculator.


9. log5 125 10. log7 7 11. log2 64 12. log12 1
Find x (no calculator). (Same as “evaluate” except answer is x = .)

13. log2 =x 14. log3 81 = x 15. log2 =x 16. log6 =x

17. Why is the value of log−216 undefined?

The Product, Quotient, and Power Properties of common logarithms


also extend to bases other than base 10.

18. Use the given property to rewrite each expression as a single


logarithm. Then, evaluate each logarithm in the equation to see that both
sides of the equation are equal.

a. Product Property: log2 4 + log2 8 = ________________________

_________ + _________ = _________

b. Quotient Property: log3 27 − log3 3 = ________________________

_________ − _________ = _________

c. Power Property: 2 log5 5 = ________________________

2 ⋅ _________ = _________
Remember the natural exponential base e? What is the approximate
value of e?

Logarithms with base e are called natural logarithms, and “loge” is


written ln. So, loge x is written ln x.
Expand each logarithm. Do not leave exponents in answers.
19. log7 (6x3 y) 20. ln ( )

21. log4 (3xyz)2 22. ( )

Write each expression as a single logarithm (or single natural logarithm).


23. ( ) 24.

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