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Lecture 1 Chem

The document outlines key gas laws including Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law, along with the ideal gas equation PV = nRT. It explains how to modify the ideal gas equation for changing conditions and provides formulas for calculating gas density. Additionally, the document includes examples demonstrating the application of these principles in real-world scenarios.

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Eljoker magic
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12 views3 pages

Lecture 1 Chem

The document outlines key gas laws including Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law, along with the ideal gas equation PV = nRT. It explains how to modify the ideal gas equation for changing conditions and provides formulas for calculating gas density. Additionally, the document includes examples demonstrating the application of these principles in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

Eljoker magic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry

The Gaseous state

Boyle's Law P α 1/ V (fixed amount of gas at constant temperature)

P1V1=P2V2 P: Pressure, V:Volume

Charle,s Law P α T (fixed amount of gas at constant volume)

P1T2 = P2 T1 V1T2=V2 T1

T: absolute temperature►► K

Avogadro's law: V α n ► N = n × Avogadro's number (NA)

N: number of molecules ►► molecules


n: number of moles ►► moles
NA: Avogadro's number = 6.023×1023 molecules / mole

(At STP pressure =1 atm and temperature =0 ◦C + 273 = 273 K)

The ideal gas equation and the general gas equation


PV = n R T
1Page

P: Pressure ►► atm
Pa or N/m2 × 10-5 ►► atm
Torr or mmHg ÷ 760 ►► atm

V: Volume ►► L
m3 × 103 ►► L, Cm3× 10-3 ►► L
n: number of moles ►► moles n = mass ÷ Mw (molar mass)
T: absolute temperature►► K

1
Chemistry

R = 0.082 L atm / K mole

"When conditions change, we must employ a modified form of the ideal


gas equation that takes into account the initial and final conditions. We derive
the modified equation as follows from ideal equation".

R = P1V1/n1T 1 (before change)

R = P2V2/n2T2 (after change)

So P1V 1/ n1T1 = P2V2 / n2T2

 If n1 = n2

→ P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

 If V1 = V2

→ P1/ n1T1 = P2 / n2T2

"And the same way with respect to pressure and temperature"

Density of gas: ( ρ)

ρ = P x Mw / (R x T) R = 0.082 L atm / K mole

Examples
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1- A small bubble rises from the bottom of a lake, where the temperature
and pressure are 8°C and 6.4 atm, to the water’s surface, where the
temperature is 25°C and the pressure is 1.0 atm. Calculate the final
volume (in mL) of the bubble if its initial volume was 2.1 mL.

2
Chemistry

Initial state final state

P1 = 6.4 atm p2 = 1atm

T1= 8+273= 281K T2 = 25+273= 298K

V1 =2.1 ml V2 = ??????

P1V1 / n1T1 = P2V2/ n2T2

We assume that the amount of air in the bubble remains constant, So n 1=n2

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

(6.4 x 2.1) / 281 = (1 x V2) / 298

V2 = 14.3 mL

2- A 2.0 L vessel contains 4.65 g of a gas at 1.00 atm and 27.0°C.


(a) Calculate the density of the gas in grams per liter.
(b) What is the molar mass of the gas?

V = 2.0 L m = 4.65 g P = 1.0 atm T = 27 + 273 = 300 K

ρ = m / V = 4.65 / 2 = 2.33 g/L

ρ = P x Mw / (R x T) R = 0.082 L atm / K mole

2.33 = 1 x Mw / ( 0.082 x 300)


3Page

Mw = 57.32 g / mole

GOOD LUCK

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