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Circle Theorem

Chapter 8 covers the properties and theorems related to circles, including definitions of central angles, inscribed angles, arcs, and various theorems such as the Inscribed Angle Theorem and the Tangent-Radius Theorem. It also discusses relationships between angles and segments formed by chords, secants, and tangents intersecting circles. The chapter concludes with theorems on segment relationships, including the Chord-Chord Product Theorem and the Secant-Tangent Product Theorem.

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20 views15 pages

Circle Theorem

Chapter 8 covers the properties and theorems related to circles, including definitions of central angles, inscribed angles, arcs, and various theorems such as the Inscribed Angle Theorem and the Tangent-Radius Theorem. It also discusses relationships between angles and segments formed by chords, secants, and tangents intersecting circles. The chapter concludes with theorems on segment relationships, including the Chord-Chord Product Theorem and the Secant-Tangent Product Theorem.

Uploaded by

padma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 8 CIRCLES

8.1 CENTRAL ANGLES AND INSCRIBED ANGLES


circle: The set of points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a given point called the
center of the circle.
radius: A line segment joining the center to a point on a circle.
chord: A segment whose endpoints lie on a circle.
diameter: A segment that has endpoints on the circle and that passes through the center of
the circle
central angle: An angle whose vertex is the center of a circle.
inscribed angle: An angle whose vertex lies on a circle and whose sides contain chords of
the circle.
Chords Central Angle Inscribed Angle
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐵𝐷
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷

arc: A continuous portion of a circle consisting of two points (called the endpoints of the
arc) and all the points on the circle between them.

Arc Measure Figure


A minor arc is an arc whose The measure of a minor arc is
points are on or in the equal to the measure of the
interior of a corresponding central angle.
central angle. ⏜ = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵
𝐴𝐵

A major arc is an arc whose The measure of a major arc is


points are on or in the equal to 360° minus the
exterior of a corresponding measure of the central angle.
central angle.

A semicircle is an arc whose The measure of a semicircle


endpoints are the endpoints is 180°.
of a diameter.
EXAMPLE 1
Choose the correct term for each item given below
̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 diameter
̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑄 semicircle
̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅 minor arc
∠𝑃𝑂𝑄 major arc
∠𝑄𝑃𝑅 radius
⏜
𝑃𝑄 chord
⏜
𝑃𝑅 central angle
⏜
𝑃𝑅𝑄 inscribed angle

intercepted arc: An arc that consists of endpoints that lie on the sides of an inscribed
angle and all the points of the circle between the endpoints.

INSCRIBED ANGLES THEOREM


The measure of an inscribed angle is equal to half the measure of its intercepted arc.
Case 1
Given: ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 inscribed in circle 𝑂 with center 𝑂
on ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶
1⏜
Prove: ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 2

STATEMENTS REASONS
adjacent arcs: Arcs of the same circle that intersect in exactly one point.

ARC ADDITION POSTULATE


The measure of an arc formed by two
adjacent arcs is the sum of the measures of
the two arcs.
⏜ = 𝐴𝐷
𝐴𝐷𝐵 ⏜ + 𝐷𝐵⏜

EXAMPLE 2
Find the indicated measures
∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = ∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 =

⏜=
𝐴𝐵𝐶 ⏜ =
𝐶𝐷

INSCRIBED ANGLE OF A DIAMETER THEOREM


The endpoints of a diameter lie on an inscribed angle if
and only if the inscribed angle is a right angle.

EXAMPLE 3
Find 𝑥 and y
8.2 INSCRIBED QUADRILATERALS
INSCRIBED QUADRILATERAL THEOREM

If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are supplementary.

Given: Circle 𝑂 with inscribed quad. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷


Prove: ∠𝐴 and ∠𝐶 are supplementary

STATEMENTS REASONS

Construct an inscribed square


8.3 TANGENTS AND CIRCUMSCRIBED ANGLES
tangent: a line in the same plane as a circle that intersects the circle in exactly one point.
point of tangency: The point where a tangent and a circle intersect.
TANGENT-RADIUS THEOREM

If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is


perpendicular to a radius drawn to the point
of tangency.

Construct a tangent to the circle from a point on the circle

Construct a tangent to the circle from a point outside the circle


CONVERSE OF THE TANGENT-RADIUS THEOREM

If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle at a point on the circle, then it is


tangent to the circle at that point on the circle.

circumscribed angle: an angle formed by two rays from a common endpoint that are
tangent to a circle.

CIRCUMSCRIBED ANGLE THEOREM

A circumscribed angle of a circle and its associated central angle are supplementary.

Construct a circumscribed angle and prove the Circumscribed Angle Theorem

Given: Circle 𝑂 with circumscribed angle ∠𝑃


Prove: ∠𝑃 and ∠𝑂 are supplementary

STATEMENTS REASONS
EXAMPLE 1
Find the indicated angle measures
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵

∠𝑂𝐶𝐷

EXAMPLE 2
Find the indicated angle and arc measures
∠𝑄𝑅𝑆

⏜
𝑅𝑆
8.4 ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS IN CIRCLES

THE INTERSECTING CHORDS ANGLE THEOREM

If two secants or chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of each angle
formed is half the sum of the measures of its intercepted arcs.
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐵𝐶
Given: Chords 𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ intersect at point 𝐸
1
⏜ + 𝐶𝐷
⏜)
Prove: ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 = 2 (𝐴𝐵

STATEMENTS REASONS

EXAMPLE 1
Find ∠𝑅𝑇𝑆

EXAMPLE 2
⏜
Find 𝐴𝐵
THE TANGENT-CHORD INTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM

If a tangent and a chord intersect on a circle at the point


of tangency, then the measure of the angle formed is
half the measure of its intercepted arc.
1
∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵 ⏜
2

secant of a circle: A line that intersects a circle at two points.

THE SECANT-TANGENT EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM


If a tangent and a secant intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is half the difference of the measures of its intercepted arcs.

Given: Tangents ̅̅̅̅


𝐴𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑃 intersect at point 𝑃.
1 ⏜ ⏜)
Prove: ∠𝐴𝑃𝐶 = 2 (𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵𝐶

STATEMENTS REASONS

EXAMPLE 3
𝐵𝑃 and secant ̅̅̅̅
Tangent ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝑃 intersect at point 𝑃.
Find ∠𝑃
THE SECANT-SECANT EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM

If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then


the measure of the angle formed is half the difference of
the measures of its intercepted arcs.
1
∠𝐶𝑃𝐷 = (𝐶𝐷 ⏜ − 𝐴𝐵⏜)
2

THE TANGENT-TANGENT EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM

If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is
half the difference of the measures of its intercepted arcs.

Given: Tangents ̅̅̅̅


𝐴𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑃 intersect at point 𝑃
1⏜ − 𝐴𝐵
⏜)
Prove: ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 2 (𝐴𝐶𝐵

STATEMENTS REASONS

EXAMPLE 4
Tangent ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑃 intersect at point 𝑃.
Find ∠𝑃
8.4 ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS IN CIRCLES

THE INTERSECTING CHORDS ANGLE THEOREM

If two secants or chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of each angle
formed is half the sum of the measures of its intercepted arcs.
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐵𝐶
Given: Chords 𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ intersect at point 𝐸
1
⏜ + 𝐶𝐷
⏜)
Prove: ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 = 2 (𝐴𝐵

STATEMENTS REASONS

EXAMPLE 1
Find ∠𝑅𝑇𝑆

EXAMPLE 2
⏜
Find 𝐴𝐵
THE TANGENT-CHORD INTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM

If a tangent and a chord intersect on a circle at the point


of tangency, then the measure of the angle formed is
half the measure of its intercepted arc.
1
∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵 ⏜
2

secant of a circle: A line that intersects a circle at two points.

THE SECANT-TANGENT EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM


If a tangent and a secant intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is half the difference of the measures of its intercepted arcs.

Given: Tangents ̅̅̅̅


𝐴𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑃 intersect at point 𝑃.
1 ⏜ ⏜)
Prove: ∠𝐴𝑃𝐶 = 2 (𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵𝐶

STATEMENTS REASONS

EXAMPLE 3
𝐵𝑃 and secant ̅̅̅̅
Tangent ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝑃 intersect at point 𝑃.
Find ∠𝑃
THE SECANT-SECANT EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM

If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then


the measure of the angle formed is half the difference of
the measures of its intercepted arcs.
1
∠𝐶𝑃𝐷 = (𝐶𝐷 ⏜ − 𝐴𝐵⏜)
2

THE TANGENT-TANGENT EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM

If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is
half the difference of the measures of its intercepted arcs.

Given: Tangents ̅̅̅̅


𝐴𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑃 intersect at point 𝑃
1⏜ − 𝐴𝐵
⏜)
Prove: ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 2 (𝐴𝐶𝐵

STATEMENTS REASONS

EXAMPLE 4
Tangent ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑃 intersect at point 𝑃.
Find ∠𝑃
8.5 SEGMENT RELATIONSHIPS IN CIRCLES

CHORD-CHORD PRODUCT THEOREM

If two chords intersect inside a circle, then the products of the lengths of the segments of
the chords are equal.
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐵𝐷
Given: Intersecting chords 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
Prove: 𝐴𝐸 ⋅ 𝐶𝐸 = 𝐵𝐸 ⋅ 𝐷𝐸

STATEMENTS REASONS

EXAMPLE 1
𝐴𝐸 = 12, 𝐶𝐸 = 12, and 𝐵𝐸 = 8. Find 𝐷𝐸.
THE SECANT-TANGENT PRODUCT THEOREM

If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the product of the lengths
of the secant segment and its external segment equals the length of the tangent segment
squared.
̅̅̅̅ and tangent 𝐶𝑃
Given: Secant 𝐴𝑃 ̅̅̅̅ intersect at
point 𝑃
Prove: 𝑃𝐶 2 = 𝑃𝐴 ⋅ 𝑃𝐵

STATEMENTS REASONS

EXAMPLE 2
Find 𝑃𝐵

THE SECANT-SECANT PRODUCT THEOREM

If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then


the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its
external segment equals the product of the lengths of
the other secant segment and its external segment.
𝐴𝑃 ⋅ 𝐵𝑃 = 𝐶𝑃 ⋅ 𝐷𝑃

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