Arduino Smart Waste

Segregator

Presented By,
RA2311026010812
RA2311026010853
RA2311026010866
RA2311026010873
RA2311026010897
 Contents
Introduction
Objectives
Literature Survey
Proposed Methodology
Experimental Results & Discussion
Conclusion
Future work
References

2
INTRODUCTION
 Introduction

Introduction
Problem Statement:
Objective Waste management is a major challenge, especially in
Literature Survey urban areas.
Proposed methodology
Improper segregation leads to environmental pollution
and increased landfill waste.
Experimental Results &
Discussion Manual segregation is time-consuming and unhygienic.
Conclusion Solution:
Future work
This project proposes an Arduino-based smart dustbin
that automatically classifies waste as wet or dry using
Published research papers
sensors and a servo motor.
References
Wet and dry waste are directed to separate bins,
reducing manual effort and promoting efficient waste
disposal. 4
OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH
WORK
 Objectives

Introduction
Automate waste segregation using an Arduino-
Objectives

Literature Survey
based system.
Proposed methodology Classify wet and dry waste using a Soil Moisture
Experimental Results &
Discussion Sensor.
Conclusion
Improve hygiene and efficiency in waste disposal.
Future work

Published research papers

Reduce human effort and encourage better waste
References management practices.
Minimize environmental pollution caused by mixed
12

waste disposal.
LITERATURE SURVEY
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2017
Author: S. Gupta, T. Sharma
Objective
Title: Smart Waste Segregation System Using
Literature Survey Sensor-Based Technology
Proposed methodology

Methodology: Ultrasonic and moisture sensor-based waste

Experimental Results &
Discussion segregation
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. Efficient separation of wet and dry waste
Future work
2. Reduces manual sorting efforts
Published research papers 3. Cost-effective and easy to implement
References
Drawbacks:
1. Limited accuracy in detecting semi-wet waste
2. Requires regular sensor calibration
14

J.W. Jung, M. A. Ingram, “Smart Waste Segregation System Using Sensor-Based Technology”. In 2017 IEEE
International Conference on Smart Cities and Waste Management (ICSCWM) (pp. 45–50). IEEE.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2016
Author: A. Patel, R. K. Singh
Objective
Title: IoT-Based Smart Waste Management System with
Literature Survey Automated Segregation
Proposed methodology
Methodology: Sensor-based waste detection and classification
Experimental Results &
Discussion using IoT
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. Real-time waste monitoring
Future work
2. Automated waste segregation reduces human effort
Published research papers 3. Integration with smart city frameworks
References
Drawbacks:
1. High initial implementation cost
2. Requires stable internet connectivity for IoT operations
14

A. Patel, R. K. Singh, “IoT-Based Smart Waste Management System with Automated Segregation”. In 2016
International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology (IJEST), vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 120–128.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2018
Author: M. Sharma, V. Nair
Objective
Title: Automated Waste Sorting Using Image Processing and
Literature Survey Sensor-Based Techniques
Proposed methodology
Methodology: Combination of computer vision and sensor-based
Experimental Results &
Discussion waste classification
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. High accuracy in waste detection
Future work
2. Reduces reliance on physical sensors
Published research papers 3. Scalable for large waste management systems
References
Drawbacks:
1. Computationally intensive
2. Requires a large dataset for training
14

M. Sharma, V. Nair, “Automated Waste Sorting Using Image Processing and Sensor-Based Techniques”. In 2018
Journal of Waste Management & Recycling Technology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 45–55.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2019
Author: R. Karthik, P. Menon
Objective
Title: Smart Dustbin for Waste Segregation Using Embedded
Literature Survey Systems
Proposed methodology
Methodology: Microcontroller-based system using moisture and
Experimental Results &
Discussion IR sensors
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. Simple and cost-effective implementation
Future work
2. Can be deployed in households and public areas
Published research papers Drawbacks:
References
1. Limited scalability
2. Requires manual intervention for sensor recalibration

14

R. Karthik, P. Menon, “Smart Dustbin for Waste Segregation Using Embedded Systems”. In 2019 International
Journal of Embedded Systems & Robotics (IJESR), vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 200–210.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2020
Author: L. Deshmukh, A. Verma
Objective
Title: Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Waste Segregation and
Literature Survey Recycling System
Proposed methodology
Methodology: AI-powered image classification for waste sorting
Experimental Results &
Discussion Advantages:
Conclusion
1. Highly accurate classification of waste types
2. Reduces contamination in recycling streams
Future work
Drawbacks:
Published research papers 1. Requires high processing power
References
2. Expensive implementation

14

L. Deshmukh, A. Verma, “Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Waste Segregation and Recycling System”. In 2020 Journal
of AI & Environmental Sustainability, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 55–65.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2017
Author: B. Rao, S. Kumar
Objective
Title: Smart Waste Segregation Using Capacitive Sensors
Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
Methodology: Capacitive sensor-based classification for wet and
dry waste
Experimental Results &
Discussion Advantages:
Conclusion
1. Non-contact sensing improves durability
2. Higher accuracy in differentiating moisture levels
Future work
Drawbacks:
Published research papers 1. Expensive compared to traditional soil moisture sensors
References
2. Requires periodic recalibration

14

B. Rao, S. Kumar, “Smart Waste Segregation Using Capacitive Sensors”. In 2017 International Journal of Smart
Sensors and Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 30–38.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2021
Author: T. Fernandez, M. Gupta
Objective
Title: Cloud-Connected Smart Dustbins for Efficient Waste
Literature Survey Collection
Proposed methodology
Methodology: IoT-enabled dustbins with real-time waste
Experimental Results &
Discussion monitoring
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. Reduces overflow and improves collection efficiency
Future work
2. Helps optimize waste collection routes
Published research papers Drawbacks:
References
1. Dependent on internet connectivity
2. Higher energy consumption

14

T. Fernandez, M. Gupta, “Cloud-Connected Smart Dustbins for Efficient Waste Collection”. In 2021 Journal of
Sustainable Smart City Technologies, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 112–125.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2018
Author: H. Choudhary, A. Singh
Objective
Title: Intelligent Waste Management Using RFID and Sensor-
Literature Survey Based Segregation
Proposed methodology
Methodology: RFID tagging combined with sensor-based waste
Experimental Results &
Discussion classification
Advantages:
Conclusion
1. Enables efficient tracking and disposal
Future work
2. Reduces contamination in waste streams
Published research papers Drawbacks:
1. Requires RFID tagging on waste items
References
2. Higher implementation cost

14

H. Choudhary, A. Singh, “Intelligent Waste Management Using RFID and Sensor-Based Segregation”. In 2018
Journal of Wireless Sensor Networks & Applications, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 90–100.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2019
Author: D. Banerjee, P. Mehta
Objective
Title: Automatic Waste Sorting System Using Deep Learning
Literature Survey and Embedded Sensors
Proposed methodology
Methodology: Deep learning-based waste recognition combined
Experimental Results &
Discussion with sensor-based validation
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. High accuracy in waste identification
Future work
2. Adaptable to multiple waste categories
Published research papers Drawbacks:
References
1. Requires large datasets for training
2. Expensive hardware requirements

14

D. Banerjee, P. Mehta, “Automatic Waste Sorting System Using Deep Learning and Embedded Sensors”. In 2019
Journal of Advanced Computing in Smart Cities, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 150–165.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2020
Author: K. Prasad, R. Sinha
Objective
Title: Low-Cost Smart Waste Segregation System for Public Use
Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
Methodology: Arduino-based system using moisture and gas
sensors
Experimental Results &
Discussion Advantages:
Conclusion
1. Cost-effective and simple to implement
2. Can be deployed in urban and rural areas
Future work
Drawbacks:
Published research papers 1. Limited classification accuracy
References
2. Sensor performance degrades over time

14

K. Prasad, R. Sinha, “Low-Cost Smart Waste Segregation System for Public Use”. In 2020 International Journal of
Sustainable Waste Management Technologies, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 85–95.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2017
Author: S. Dutta, R. Mishra
Objective
Title: AI-Assisted Waste Management Using Sensor Fusion
Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
Methodology: Combination of multiple sensors and AI-based
decision-making
Experimental Results &
Discussion Advantages:
Conclusion
1. Reduces false positives in waste classification
2. Adapts to different types of waste environments
Future work
Drawbacks:
Published research papers 1. Requires high computational resources
References
2. Complex implementation process

14

S. Dutta, R. Mishra, “AI-Assisted Waste Management Using Sensor Fusion”. In 2017 Journal of Artificial Intelligence
& Smart Environment Research, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 40–50.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2018
Author: M. Krishnan, L. Bansal
Objective
Title: Internet of Things-Based Smart Waste Management
Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
Methodology: IoT-enabled real-time waste classification and
monitoring
Experimental Results &
Discussion Advantages:
Conclusion
1. Reduces manual waste sorting efforts
2. Improves efficiency in waste collection
Future work
Drawbacks:
Published research papers 1. Dependent on network connectivity
References
2. Requires periodic hardware maintenance

14

M. Krishnan, L. Bansal, “Internet of Things-Based Smart Waste Management”. In 2018 International Journal of IoT
Applications in Environmental Science, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 78–88.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2019
Author: V. Saxena, R. Patel
Objective
Title: Bio-Sensor Based Smart Waste Classification System
Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
Methodology: Use of gas and moisture sensors to detect organic
and inorganic waste
Experimental Results &
Discussion Advantages:
Conclusion
1. High accuracy in organic waste identification
2. Helps in composting and recycling processes
Future work
Drawbacks:
Published research papers 1. Requires calibration for different waste types
References
2. Sensitive to environmental conditions

14

V. Saxena, R. Patel, “Bio-Sensor Based Smart Waste Classification System”. In 2019 Journal of Environmental
Biotechnology & Waste Processing, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 60–72.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2021
Author: R. Joshi, N. Mehra
Objective
Title: Smart Waste Bins with Automatic Sorting and AI-
Literature Survey Powered Recognition
Proposed methodology
Methodology: AI and embedded sensors for real-time
Experimental Results &
Discussion classification
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. Fast and accurate waste recognition
Future work
2. Scalable for urban and industrial use
Published research papers Drawbacks:
References
1. High processing power needed
2. Requires constant system updates

14

R. Joshi, N. Mehra, “Smart Waste Bins with Automatic Sorting and AI-Powered Recognition”. In 2021 International
Journal of Smart Waste Processing & AI Applications, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 130–145.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2022
Author: P. Kulkarni, T. Reddy
Objective
Title: Smart Waste Segregation Using Edge Computing and IoT
Literature Survey Sensors
Proposed methodology
Methodology: Edge-based waste classification for real-time
Experimental Results &
Discussion processing
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. Reduces cloud dependency
Future work
2. Faster response time for waste sorting
Published research papers Drawbacks:
References
1. Requires edge hardware investment
2. Limited by processing power at edge nodes

14

P. Kulkarni, T. Reddy, “Smart Waste Segregation Using Edge Computing and IoT Sensors”. In 2022 Journal of
Advanced Edge Computing & Smart Systems, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 110–125.
 Literature Survey

Introduction
Year: 2022
Author: P. Kulkarni, T. Reddy
Objective
Title: Smart Waste Segregation Using Edge Computing and IoT
Literature Survey Sensors
Proposed methodology
Methodology: Edge-based waste classification for real-time
Experimental Results &
Discussion processing
Conclusion
Advantages:
1. Reduces cloud dependency
Future work
2. Faster response time for waste sorting
Published research papers Drawbacks:
References
1. Requires edge hardware investment
2. Limited by processing power at edge nodes

14

P. Kulkarni, T. Reddy, “Smart Waste Segregation Using Edge Computing and IoT Sensors”. In 2022 Journal of
Advanced Edge Computing & Smart Systems, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 110–125.
 Points Observed From Existing
Methods
Introduction

Objective High energy consumption and sensor dependency

Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
Limited accuracy in waste segregation
Experimental Results &
Discussion Inefficient handling of mixed waste
Conclusion

Future work
Low automation level leading to manual
intervention
Published research papers

References
Lack of integration with advanced smart city
frameworks
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PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
 Proposed Methodology
System Components:
Introduction

Objective

Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
System Components:

Experimental Results &

Discussion

Conclusion

Future work

References
 Working Principle

Introduction
1.Waste Detection:
Objective
Ultrasonic sensor detects an object (waste).
Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
System Components
2.Moisture Analysis:
Working Principle
Soil moisture sensor determines if waste is wet or
Experimental Results &
Discussion
dry.
Conclusion
3.Servo Motor Activation:
Future work
If waste is wet, the servo motor moves the flap
References
towards the wet waste bin.
If waste is dry, it directs waste to the dry waste bin.
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 Circuit Diagram & Implementation

Introduction

Objective

Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
System Components
Working Principle
Circuit Diagram &
Implementation

Experimental Results &

Discussion

Conclusion

Future work

References The Arduino UNO is the central controller connecting all

components.
Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) detects waste presence.
Soil moisture sensor checks moisture levels. 19
Servo motor is programmed to move according to sensor readings.
Power is supplied through USB or external power supply.
 Architecture diagram

Introduction

Objective

Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
System Components
Working Principle
Circuit Diagram &
Implementation
Architecture Diagram

Experimental Results &

Discussion

Conclusion

Future work

References

18
 Modules
1. Sensor Modules:
Introduction Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) – Detects waste presence and
triggers the lid mechanism.
Objective
Soil Moisture Sensor (with LM393 Comparator Module) –
Literature Survey Determines whether waste is wet or dry.
IR Sensor (Optional) – Additional detection for waste dropping.
Proposed methodology
System Components
Working Principle 2. Actuator Modules:
Circuit Diagram &
Implementation Servo Motor (Lid Control) – Opens and closes the dustbin lid.
Architecture Diagram
Modules Servo Motor (Waste Segregation Mechanism) – Moves the internal
flap/divider to direct waste into the correct bin.
Experimental Results &
Discussion Buzzer Module – Provides alerts when the bin is full.
Conclusion
3. Communication Modules (Optional, if IoT is included):
Future work
Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266 or ESP32) – Sends real-time bin status to
the cloud.
References GSM Module (SIM800L) [Alternative to Wi-Fi] – Sends bin status
via SMS. 19
Bluetooth Module (HC-05) [Alternative to Wi-Fi] – Allows local
control via a mobile app.
 Modules

Introduction 4. Power Management Module:

Battery or Adapter (9V/12V Power Supply) – Powers the Arduino
Objective
and other components.
Literature Survey Solar Panel Module (Optional) – Provides renewable power supply.
Proposed methodology
System Components 5. User Interface & Display Modules (Optional):
Working Principle
Circuit Diagram & LCD Display (16x2 or OLED) – Displays bin status.
Implementation
Architecture Diagram LED Indicators – Shows system status (ready, sorting, bin full).
Modules

Experimental Results &

6. Microcontroller Module:
Discussion Arduino Uno/Nano – The central controller that processes sensor
Conclusion
data and controls actuators.

Future work

References

20
 Experimental Results & Discussion
System Testing & Observations:
Introduction

Objective

Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
System Components
Working Principle
Circuit Diagram &
Implementation
Architecture Diagram
Modules

Experimental Results &

Discussion

Conclusion

Future work

Challenges Faced:
References
Fine-tuning the moisture threshold for various waste materials.
Ensuring the servo motor movement is smooth and fast. 20
Power fluctuations affecting sensor accuracy.
 Conclusions

Introduction
Developed a low-cost, efficient smart dustbin for
Objective waste segregation.
Literature Survey

Proposed methodology Successfully automated wet & dry waste

System Components
Working Principle
Circuit Diagram &
classification using Arduino and sensors.
Implementation
Architecture Diagram
Modules

Improves hygiene and waste management efficiency

Experimental Results &
Discussion by reducing manual sorting.
Conclusions

Future work Provides an effective, scalable solution for smart

References
cities and urban areas.
22
 Future work

Introduction
Enhance system with IoT to monitor waste levels in
Objective
real time.
Literature Survey

Proposed methodology
System Components
Add a smart notification system to alert users when
Working Principle
Circuit Diagram &
Implementation
the bin is full.
Architecture Diagram
Modules

Experimental Results &

Expand classification to separate biodegradable
Discussion
and non-biodegradable waste.
Conclusion

Future work Improve moisture detection for better accuracy.

References

Use solar power for an eco-friendly approach. 23

 REFERENCES
Introduction Arduino UNO Official Documentation: https://www.arduino.cc
Objective
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Datasheet
Literature Survey

Soil Moisture Sensor Technical Manual

Proposed methodology
System Components
Working Principle
Circuit Diagram & ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module Datasheet
Implementation
Architecture Diagram
Modules
SIM800L GSM Module Datasheet
Experimental Results &
Discussion
Servo Motor (SG90) Datasheet
Conclusion

LM393 Comparator IC Datasheet

Future work

References Smart Waste Management Research Papers (IEEE, Springer)

24