Became Fullstack

Developer
Interview
questions

tom.is.coding @Tomiscodin
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Introduction

Welcome Coder!
Hey, in this brochure, I've prepared 50 full-stack
and 50 JavaScript interview questions to enhance
your knowledge and help you prepare for
interviews. This will assist you in standing out in
any interview!

Personal note: To mine the real gem out of this,

don't just try to remember all the questions;
instead, focus on embracing knowledge.
The most important part about tech is knowing
the possibilities and understanding when to apply
them. So, use it as a tool for learning.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 1
1. What is full-stack development?
• Example: Full-stack development involves working on both the frontend and
backend of a web application, handling client-side and server-side development.

2. Explain the difference between client-side and server-side rendering.

• Example: Client-side rendering processes data on the client's browser, while
server-side rendering generates HTML on the server and sends it to the client.

3. What is the purpose of a RESTful API in full-stack development?

• Example: A RESTful API enables communication between the frontend and
backend by providing a standard set of rules for creating, updating, retrieving, and
deleting resources.

4. Explain the concept of state management in full-stack development.

• Example: State management involves handling the state of an application,
ensuring data consistency between the frontend and backend.

5. What is the MEAN stack, and how does it differ from the MERN stack?
• Example: The MEAN stack includes MongoDB, Express.js, Angular, and Node.js,
while the MERN stack replaces Angular with React for frontend development.

6. Explain the role of a proxy server in a full-stack application.

• Example: A proxy server acts as an intermediary between the client and server,
forwarding requests and responses to enhance security and performance.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 2
7. What is the purpose of Docker in full-stack development?
• Example: Docker is used for containerization, allowing developers to package an
application and its dependencies into a single container for consistent
deployment.

8. Explain the concept of microservices architecture.

• Example: Microservices architecture involves breaking down a large application
into smaller, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled
independently.

9. What is the role of a package manager in full-stack development?

• Example: A package manager, such as npm or yarn, is used to manage and install
dependencies, making it easier to handle project dependencies.

10. Explain the concept of WebSockets in full-stack development.

• Example: WebSockets enable bidirectional communication between the client
and server, facilitating real-time updates in web applications.

11. What is the purpose of JWT (JSON Web Tokens) in full-stack development?
• Example: JWT is used for authentication and authorization by securely
transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 3

12. Explain the concept of serverless architecture in full-stack development.

• Example: Serverless architecture allows developers to build and run applications
without managing servers, focusing on code execution triggered by events.

13. What is the role of a reverse proxy in full-stack development?

• Example: A reverse proxy handles requests from clients and forwards them to the
appropriate server, often used for load balancing and security.

14. Explain the concept of GraphQL in full-stack development.

• Example: GraphQL is a query language for APIs that enables clients to request
only the data they need, reducing over-fetching and under-fetching of data.

15. What is the purpose of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern in full-stack

development?
• Example: MVC separates an application into three components—Model (data),
View (presentation), and Controller (logic)—to enhance maintainability and
scalability.

16. Explain the role of a CDN (Content Delivery Network) in full-stack development.
• Example: A CDN improves the delivery speed and performance of web
applications by distributing content across multiple servers located
geographically.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 4
17. What is the purpose of ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) in full-stack
development?
• Example: ORM simplifies database interactions by mapping database tables to
objects, allowing developers to work with objects in their preferred programming
language.

18. Explain the concept of session management in full-stack development.

• Example: Session management involves storing and retrieving user-specific
information across multiple requests, enhancing security and user experience.

19. What is the role of a load balancer in a full-stack application?

• Example: A load balancer distributes incoming network traffic across multiple
servers, ensuring optimal resource utilization and preventing server overload.

20. Explain the purpose of CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) in full-stack

development.
• Example: CORS is a security feature that controls how web pages in one domain
can request and access resources from another domain.

21. What is the significance of unit testing in full-stack development?

• Example: Unit testing verifies the correctness of individual units (components or
functions) in an application, ensuring they behave as expected.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 5
22. Explain the concept of continuous integration in full-stack development.
• Example: Continuous integration involves automatically integrating code
changes into a shared repository multiple times a day, reducing integration issues.

23. What is the purpose of a web server in full-stack development?

• Example: A web server handles incoming HTTP requests, processes them, and
returns appropriate responses, serving as a crucial component in the client-server
architecture.

24. Explain the concept of version control in full-stack development.

• Example: Version control, such as Git, tracks changes in source code, allowing
developers to collaborate, revert changes, and maintain a history of modifications.

25. What is the role of a templating engine in full-stack development?

• Example: A templating engine generates dynamic HTML content by combining
templates with data, simplifying the process of rendering views on the server.

26. Explain the purpose of the SOLID principles in full-stack development.

• Example: The SOLID principles provide guidelines for writing maintainable and
scalable software by emphasizing principles like Single Responsibility and
Dependency Inversion.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 6
27. What is the significance of the DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle in
full-stack development?
• Example: DRY encourages avoiding code duplication, promoting reusable and
maintainable code.

28. Explain the concept of session-based authentication in full-stack development.

• Example: Session-based authentication involves storing user authentication
information on the server side and using session identifiers for subsequent
requests.

29. What is the purpose of the Observer Pattern in full-stack development?

• Example: The Observer Pattern defines a one-to-many dependency between
objects, ensuring that when one object changes state, all its dependents are
notified and updated.

30. Explain the concept of Continuous Deployment in full-stack development.

• Example: Continuous Deployment automates the process of deploying code
changes to production environments, reducing manual intervention and
improving release cycles.

31. What is the role of a cache in full-stack development?

• Example: A cache stores frequently accessed data to reduce load times and
improve application performance.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 7
32. Explain the concept of CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) in full-stack
development.
• Example: CSRF is an attack that tricks the victim into submitting a malicious
request, often performed through social engineering or exploiting trust.

33. What is the significance of the Separation of Concerns principle in full-stack

development?
• Example: Separation of Concerns encourages dividing a program into distinct
sections, each addressing a specific concern, leading to more maintainable and
modular code.

34. Explain the concept of A/B testing in full-stack development.

• Example: A/B testing involves comparing two versions of a webpage or
application to determine which performs better based on user behavior or
metrics.

35. What is the role of a session cookie in full-stack development?

• Example: A session cookie stores session-specific information on the client side,
facilitating stateful communication between the client and server.

36. Explain the purpose of the BEM (Block Element Modifier) methodology in
full-stack development.
• Example: BEM is a naming convention for classes in HTML and CSS that improves
code maintainability and readability by providing a clear structure.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 7
37. What is the significance of the Twelve-Factor App methodology in full-stack
development?
• Example: The Twelve-Factor App methodology provides best practices for
building scalable, maintainable, and portable web applications.

38. Explain the concept of data normalization in full-stack development.

• Example: Data normalization involves organizing data in a database to minimize
redundancy and dependency, ensuring consistency and integrity.

39. What is the purpose of the SQL (Structured Query Language) in full-stack
development?
• Example: SQL is used for managing and manipulating relational databases,
allowing developers to query, insert, update, and delete data.

40. Explain the concept of a web application firewall in full-stack development.

• Example: A web application firewall protects web applications from various
security threats, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and other
vulnerabilities.

41. What is the role of a CDN in a full-stack application?

• Example: A CDN improves the delivery speed and performance of web
applications by distributing content across multiple servers located
geographically.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 8
42. Explain the concept of GraphQL subscriptions in full-stack development.
• Example: GraphQL subscriptions enable real-time communication between the
server and clients, allowing clients to receive updates when specific events occur.

43. What is the role of MongoDB in full-stack development?

• Example: MongoDB is a NoSQL database that plays a crucial role in full-stack
development by providing a flexible, scalable, and schema-less data storage
solution. Unlike traditional relational databases, MongoDB uses a
document-oriented model, allowing developers to store and retrieve data in a
JSON-like format.

44. Explain the concept of a reverse proxy in full-stack development.

• Example: A reverse proxy handles incoming requests from clients and forwards
them to the appropriate server, often used for load balancing and security.

45. What is the role of a CI/CD pipeline in full-stack development?

• Example: A CI/CD pipeline automates the processes of continuous integration
and continuous deployment, ensuring efficient development workflows and faster
release cycles.

46. Explain the purpose of a JWT (JSON Web Token) in full-stack development.
• Example: A JWT is used for authentication and authorization by securely
transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.
 tom.is.coding

Fullstack Part 9
47. What is the significance of a 12-Factor App in full-stack development?
• Example: The 12-Factor App methodology provides a set of principles for building
scalable, maintainable, and portable web applications, addressing factors like
codebase, dependencies, and configuration.

48. Explain the concept of a monolithic architecture in full-stack development.

• Example: A monolithic architecture involves building an application as a single,
self-contained unit, where all components are tightly integrated.

49. What is the purpose of Stripe in web development?

• Example: Stripe is a third-party payment processing platform that provides tools
and APIs for businesses to handle online transactions. It simplifies the integration
of secure payment processing into websites and applications, allowing businesses
to accept payments, manage subscriptions, and handle other financial
transactions.

50. Explain the concept of continuous monitoring in full-stack development.

• Example: Continuous monitoring involves regularly tracking and analyzing the
performance, security, and availability of a web application to identify and address
issues proactively.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 1
1. What is JavaScript?
• Example: JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language that
enables interactive web pages. It is often used for client-side development.

2. What is the Document Object Model (DOM) in JavaScript?

• Example: The DOM is a programming interface for web documents. It represents
the structure of a document as a tree of objects, allowing scripts to dynamically
change the content and style.

3. Explain the difference between null and undefined.

• Example: null is a deliberate assignment of a non-value, while undefined is the
default value of uninitialized variables.

4. What is a closure in JavaScript?

• Example: A closure is a function that has access to variables from its outer
(enclosing) scope, even after the outer function has finished executing.

5. Explain event delegation in JavaScript.

• Example: Event delegation involves assigning a single event listener to a common
ancestor rather than individual elements, optimizing performance.

6. What is the purpose of the this keyword in JavaScript?

• Example: this refers to the object it belongs to. In a method, this refers to the
owner object.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 2
7. What is a callback function?
• Example: A callback function is a function passed as an argument to another
function, to be executed later, often asynchronously.

8. What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?

• Example: == performs type coercion, while === checks both value and type
without coercion.

9. Explain the concept of hoisting in JavaScript.

• Example: Hoisting moves variable and function declarations to the top of their
containing scope during compilation.

10. What is the purpose of the bind method in JavaScript?

• Example: bind creates a new function with a specified this value and initial
arguments.

11.Explain the concept of promises in JavaScript.

• Example: Promises represent the eventual completion or failure of an
asynchronous operation, allowing better handling of async code.

12.What is the purpose of the async/await syntax?

• Example: async/await simplifies asynchronous code by allowing the use of await
inside functions marked as async.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 3
13. How does prototypal inheritance work in JavaScript?
• Example: Objects in JavaScript inherit properties and methods from their
prototype, forming a prototype chain.

14. What is the significance of sessionStorage in web development?

• Example: sessionStorage is a web storage mechanism in browsers that allows
data to be stored temporarily during a user's session.

15. Explain the concept of event bubbling in JavaScript.

• Example: Event bubbling refers to the order in which events are handled as they
propagate up or bubble through the DOM hierarchy.

16. What is the purpose of the map function in JavaScript?

• Example: map creates a new array by applying a function to each element of an
existing array.

17. What does the term "recursive function" mean in programming?

• Example: A recursive function is a programming concept where a function calls
itself in its own definition. This allows the function to solve a problem by breaking
it down into smaller instances of the same problem.

18. What is the purpose of the arguments object in JavaScript?

• Example: The arguments object allows a function to access all passed arguments,
even if they were not defined in the function's parameter list.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 4
19. What is the difference between var, let, and const?
• Example: var has function scope and is hoisted, let has block scope and can be
reassigned, and const has block scope and cannot be reassigned.

20. Explain the concept of lexical scoping in JavaScript.

• Example: Lexical scoping means that the scope of a variable is determined by its
position in the source code.

21. What is the purpose of the filter function in JavaScript?

• Example: filter creates a new array with elements that satisfy a given condition
from an existing array.

22. What are the key differences between TypeScript (TS) and JavaScript (JS) in
web development?
• Example: TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing and other
features to enhance code maintainability and catch potential errors during
development

23. What is the purpose of the call and apply methods in JavaScript?
• Example: call and apply invoke a function with a specified this value and
arguments provided individually or as an array, respectively.

24. Explain the concept of the event loop in JavaScript.

• Example: The event loop is responsible for executing code, collecting and
processing events, and handling asynchronous tasks.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 5

25. What is the purpose of the reduce function in JavaScript?

• Example: reduce applies a function against an accumulator and each element in
an array to reduce it to a single value.

26. Explain the concept of arrow functions in JavaScript.

• Example: Arrow functions provide a concise syntax and do not bind their own this
value, making them suitable for certain scenarios.

27. What role does the Array.concat method play in JavaScript?

• Example: The Array.concat method is used to merge two or more arrays, creating
a new array that combines the elements of the original arrays.

28. What is the purpose of the bind method in JavaScript?

• Example: The bind method creates a new function with a specified this value and,
optionally, initial arguments.

29. Explain the concept of the prototype chain in JavaScript.

• Example: Objects in JavaScript inherit properties and methods from their
prototype, forming a chain.

30. What is the purpose of the setTimeout function in JavaScript?

• Example: setTimeout is used to execute a function or code after a specified delay.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 6
31. Explain the concept of callback hell in JavaScript.
• Example: Callback hell refers to the nesting of multiple callbacks, creating
unreadable and hard-to-maintain code.

32. What is the purpose of the localStorage object in JavaScript?

• Example: localStorage allows you to store key-value pairs in a web browser with
no expiration time.

33. Explain the concept of currying in JavaScript.

• Example: Currying is the technique of converting a function with multiple
arguments into a sequence of functions with a single argument.

34. What is the purpose of the typeof operator in JavaScript?

• Example: typeof is used to determine the type of a variable or expression.

35. Explain the concept of the Single Responsibility Principle in JavaScript.

• Example: The Single Responsibility Principle states that a function or class should
have only one reason to change.

36. What is the purpose of the async keyword in JavaScript?

• Example: The async keyword is used to create asynchronous functions that
return promises.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 7
37. Explain the concept of the EventEmitter in JavaScript.
• Example: EventEmitter is a module that allows you to implement the observer
pattern and handle events in Node.js.

38. What is the purpose of the JSON.parse method in JavaScript?

• Example: JSON.parse is used to convert a JSON string into a JavaScript object.

39. Explain the concept of memoization in JavaScript.

• Example: Memoization is a technique where the results of expensive function
calls are cached to improve performance.

40. What is the purpose of the Array.isArray method in JavaScript?

• Example: Array.isArray is used to check whether an object is an array.

41. Explain the concept of the Factory Pattern in JavaScript.

• Example: The Factory Pattern is a creational design pattern that provides an
interface for creating objects but allows subclasses to alter the type of objects that
will be created.

42. What is the purpose of the Promise.all method in JavaScript?

• Example: Promise.all is used to wait for all promises in an array to fulfill and then
returns a single promise.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 8
43. Explain the concept of the Observer Pattern in JavaScript.
• Example: The Observer Pattern is a behavioral design pattern where an object,
known as the subject, maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, that are
notified of state changes.

44. What is the purpose of the fetch API in JavaScript?

• Example: The fetch API is used to make network requests and handle responses.

45. Explain the concept of the Decorator Pattern in JavaScript.

• Example: The Decorator Pattern is a structural design pattern that allows
behavior to be added to an individual object, either statically or dynamically,
without affecting the behavior of other objects from the same class.

46. What role does the Array.filter method play in JavaScript?

• Example: The Array.filter method is employed in JavaScript to generate a new
array containing only those elements that satisfy a specified condition,
determined by a provided function.

47. Explain the concept of the Prototype Pattern in JavaScript.

• Example: The Prototype Pattern is a creational design pattern where objects are
created by cloning an existing object, known as the prototype.
 tom.is.coding

Javascript Part 9
48. What is the purpose of the Object.create method in JavaScript?
• Example: Object.create is used to create a new object with a specified prototype
object.

49. Explain the concept of the Mediator Pattern in JavaScript.

• Example: The Mediator Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines an
object that centralizes communication between other objects.

50. What is the purpose of the event.preventDefault method in JavaScript?

• Example: event.preventDefault is used to prevent the default behavior of an
event, such as preventing a form submission or a link from navigating to a new
page.
And remember...

tom.is.coding @Tomiscodin
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