Recent Advances In Wireline

Conveyed Sampling

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Andrew Carnegie
Abu Dhabi
 50 Minutes
• Tool Review – 10 Minutes
• Advances In Data Acquisition System – 5 Minutes

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• H2S Detection and Measurements – 5 Minutes
• Downhole Fluid Characterization – 20 minutes
• Improved Sample Capture Techniques – 5 Minutes
• Real Time PH Measurement – 2 Minutes
 Why Sample On Wireline?
• Properly Planned & Executed, Wireline Gives PVT Quality Samples
• Real Time Fluid Type Determination (Oil or Water or Gas?)
– What Happens If Other Logs Are Not Conclusive
• Real Time Fluid Composition. Examples:

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– C1, C2-C5, C6+, C7+, CO2
– H2S Level’s
– Water Ph
– GOR (and CGR)
– Asphaltene Content
• Wireline Sampling Can Save Immensely on Testing Costs
 Main Steps In Sampling - Today
• Planning – Choose The Appropriate Kit
• Filtrate Clean-up - contamination monitoring and
drawdown control
– Pump-out & Optical Spectroscopy & Resistivity

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• Sample Capture
– Timed and Monitored Capture – Watch and Control
– ‘Low Shock’
• no disturbance of contamination or drawdown
• Sample Preservation - ‘Single Phase’ Sampling
– maintain pressure on sample, despite cooling, for asphaltenes
– heatable transfers, for recombining waxes and liquid drop-out
 Typical Sampling String
Power Cartridge
Pump – segregates fluid
according to density

Multi-Sample

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Sample Chamber

Sample Chamber

Optical Fluid Analyzer

Pumpout (Up / Down Mode)

Hydraulic Unit
Dual Packer
Single Probe Module
 Key Design Features Of The Pump
•Smoothly Stroking Dual Cylinder Pump
•Only A Tiny Pause At The End Of Each Stroke
•Contamination Does Not Rise On Stroke Change

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•Does Not “Shake” The Formation
•Crucial For Unconsolidated Formations
•Crucial To Keep Contamination Low
•Crucial To Maintain A Seal In Poor Boreholes
•Many Pump Parameters Are Monitored Real Time
To Ensure It Works Correctly
•Pressures, Currents, Cable Tensions,…
 Advances In Pumping Reliability
• The MDT Pump (When It Works) Is Basically Fine and So
Has Not Had Major Development Recently
– Don’t Take It For Granted That All Pumps Work So Well
• But, Mud Solids Can and Do Cause Trouble For The Pump

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– (All Pumps By The Way)
– A Particularly Serious Problem If On TLC
• To Combat This We Have Enabled
– 2 Pumps On 1 String (with using only sample chamber water
to inflate the packer, if so desired)
– Sample Chamber To Act As A Solids/Liquid Separator
– New Screens
 Review Of Absorption Spectrsocopy
Define Optical Density (OD)
• OD = 0 All the light transmits through the fluid
• OD = 1 1/10 of the light transmits through the fluid
• OD = 2 1/100 of the light transmits through the fluid

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• Etc.

OD=0 OD=1 OD=2 OD=3

 Review Of Optics
• Our Spectroscopy Sensors Are Tuned To Measure The
Optical Density Along Various Frequencies, Known To Be
Affected By Molecules Of Interest
– C1,C2 …C6+, C7+, CO2

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– We Can Used Tuned Absorption Spectroscopy, because…
– Resolution of The Sensors Is High:
• Optical Density < 0.01
• Focus < 20 Nanometers Bandwidth Per Channel
– Such Resolution Is Vital For Insitu Contamination Analysis
and Downhole Fluid Characterisation
• Note: High Resolution Sensors Means We Avoid Using
Absorption Spectroscopy Frequency Bins
 Optical Density and In Situ Fluid Density
Clearing Up A Misconception
• The Optical Density (OD) of a hydrocarbon compound
(molecular type or set of molecular types) along a
particular wavelength is proportional to the number of

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molecules of that hydrocarbon (in the path of the light
beam)
• Therefore, the OD of hydrocarbon compound is
proportional to its Density.
• Therefore, The LFA Oil-Water Track is NOT Primarily A
Hold-Up (ie volume of oil/water) Track (though by luck
it can often be used for this purpose – but sometimes it
cannot)
 High Temperature Advances
• We Recognise That High Temp Testing Is Important
– Deep Gas Increasingly Being Exploited
• Developed New CQG (compensated quartz gauge) rated to
400 Deg F – The HCQG-B

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– Normal CQG Rated To 350 deg F

• Dual Packer Developments

– High Temp Usually Means Low Perm to Tight
– Single Probe Approach Has Lower Success Rate
– Packer Is Better
– Our Stated Temperature Limit For Normal Dual Packer Is 270 deg F.
– We Now Often Run It At Up To 300 Deg F And Have Reached 320F
– We Are Currently Working Stronger Packers
 Interact Data Acquisition System
Real Time, High Speed Communication Between Well Site and Office

• Logging, Especially Involving MDT Is A Set Of Complex

(Expensive) Scientific Experiments To Acquire Vital Data
• Previously (Usually) Executed According To Pre-Prepared

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(Often Brief, Sketchy) Programs
• What A Way To Do It!
• We Don’t Have To Do It This Way Anymore……
• Because of Interact
• Interpret Every Log Before POH!
• Continuous, Multi-disciplinary Expert Job Witnessing, By
– Oil Company and Schlumberger Personnel From Office
 The Basic Organisation

SLB engineers on
SINet use web-
browser to access
data on InterACT
iCenter

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server
InterACT
Enclave

SINet
SLB engineers
use web-
browser to
send data to
InterACT Clients use web-
server in browser to
iCenter secure access data on
enclave. InterACT server
Internet in iCenter secure
enclave.
Let’s Check The Tool
String
Is As We Requested

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Well Site Acquisition Software Is
Started In The Office. We See What
The FE’s See + Anything Else We
Want To See
Successful Capture (this time)

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Pressure Up and Close
Open The Bottle

Determine Fluid
Composition
Check the GOR

Monitor Pumping
Progress
 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Detection
1. H2S Understanding for Exploration and Appraisal
Ø Design for sour or not?
Ø Completions, sub-sea, facilities
Ø Regulatory (e.g. pipeline)

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Ø HSE
Ø Valuation
2. H2S Understanding for Development
Ø Water injection souring production
Sample Capture And Lab Analysis Is Usually OK To
Diagnose High Levels Of H2S
The Major Problem Is Knowing Accurate H2S Levels At
Low Levels
 H2S Scavenging
• H2S ‘resistant’ bottles and chambers scavenge H2S
• Flowline and pump also scavenge H2S

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• Well site or lab analysis will almost INEVITABLY show
a lower concentration than is in the reservoir
– < 30 ppm in reservoir ⇒ 0 in sample [ref: Statoil]
 Real Time Detection Of H2S Levels
• Jointly Developed by Schlumberger and Oxford Uni
• Concentration of H2S Is Proportional To A Current
Function At A Special Diamond Electrode.
• Sensor to Fluid Flowline Interface Is A Gas Permeable

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Membrane
• Allows Gas Species (In Solution Or Free) To Enter The
Reaction Chamber.
• Only The Target Species—H2S—Triggers the specific
chemical reaction and leads to the signal output.
 Sensor Position

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Right Behind The
Probe To Minimise
Scavenging
 H2S Sensor
• Real-Time
• Replaces Resistivity
• Being Field Test Currently

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• Expected To Have (Initial) Operational Range Up To
1000 ppm
Calibration Curve

6
5
4
ipa/ipc

3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
[H2S]/ppm