35.

Crystal-Controlled oscillators are:

A. used for a precise frequency

B. used for very low-frequency drift (parts per million)

C. made by grinding quartz to exact dimensions.

D. all of the above

36.

In half-duplex communications:

A. there is only one way of transmission.

B. only one of the two parties can transmit at a time.

C. both parties may transmit and receive simultaneously

D. there is no half-duplex communication.

37.

Noise at the input to a receiver can be high as several:

A. microvolts

B. millivolts

C. volts

D. kilovolts

38.

Electrical energy at a frequency of 7125 kHz is in what frequency range?

A. radio

B. audio

C. hyper

D. super-high

43.

A periodic signal can always be decomposed into:

B. a set of sine waves

C. a set of sine waves, one of which must have a phase of 0 degrees.

D. none of the above.

47.

Which of the following describes transistor noise?

A. noise that is produced by random motion of electrons in a conductor due to heat.

B. noise that is due to random variations in current flow in active devices such as tubes,
transistors, semiconductor diodes, etc.

C. noise that occurs only in devices where single current separates into two or more paths.

D. any modification to a stream of carriers as they pass from input to output of a device
produces an irregular, random variation

49.

As frequency increase, the period:

A. decreases

B. increases

C. remains the same

D. doubles

51.

Another name for signals in the HF range is:

A. microwaves

B. RF waves

C. shortwaves

D. millimeter waves

56.

The value of a resistor creating a thermal noise is tripled. The noise power generated is
therefore:
A. halved

B. quadrupled

C. dobuled

D. unchanged

57.

Which of the following oscillators is used to provide a highly stable output at a very precise
frequency?

A. Crystal

B. Hartley

C. Colpitts

D. Armstrong

62.

Which of the following describes white noise?

A. noise that is produced by random motion of electrons in a conductor due to heat.

B. noise that is due to random variations in current flow in active devices such as tubes,
transistors, semiconductor diodes, etc.

C. noise varies inversely with frequency.

D. any modification to a stream of carriers as they pass from input to output of a device
produces an irregular, random variation.

63.

Noise in a communication system originates in:

A. the sender

B. the receiver

C. the channel

D. all of the above

67.

Signal attenuation can be corrected by:

B. modulation

C. equalization

D. amplification

68.

The part of a sine wave that is above the voltage reference line is referred to as the:

A. peak amplitude

B. positive alternation

C. negative alternation

D. instantaneous amplitude

71.

Thermal noise is generated in:

A. transistors and diodes

B. resistors

C. copper wire

D. all of the above.

74.

A display of signal amplitude versus frequency is called the:

A. time domain

B. frequency spectrum

C. amplitude spectrum

D. frequency domain

75.

What happens to a signal's frequency as its wavelength gets longer?

A. it disappears

B. it stays the same

D. it goes up

76.

The following are characteristics of atmospheric noise, except:

A. it is caused by lightning discharges in thunderstorms.

B. dominates at higher frequencies.

C. has a very high peak-to-average power ratio.

D. also called static noise.

77.

A digital signal is a:

A. continuous signal which represents digital measurements.

B. continuous signal which represents physical measurements.

C. discrete time signal generated by analog modulation.

D. discrete time signal generated by digital modulation.

78.

Indicate the false statement: From the transmitter, the signal deterioration because of noise is
usually:

A. unwanted energy

B. predictable in character.

C. present in the transmitter

D. due to any cause.

80.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship of input and output signals is an
amplifier?

A. the input signal is actually changed into the output signal.

B. Both the input and output signal are unchanged, neither is affected by the other.

C. the input signal is controlled by the output signal and the output signal remains unchanged.
D. the input signal remains unchanged and the output signal is controlled by the input signal.

81.

Indicate the false statement: The need for modulation can best be exemplified by the following.

A. antenna lengths will be approximately λ/4 long

B. an antenna is the standard broadcast am band is 16,000 ft

C. all sound is concentrated from 20 Hz to 20 kHz

D. a message is composed of unpredictable variations in both amplitude and frequency.

82.

A more precise evaluation of the quality of a receiver as far as noise is concerned.

A. S/N

B. VSWR

C. noise factor

D. noise margin

83.

The three primary communications media are the following, except:

A. wires

B. free space

C. waveguides

D. fiber optic cable

84.

Noise figure is a measure of:

A. how much noise is in a communications system.

B. how much noise is in the channel.

C. how much noise an amplifier adds to a signal.

D. signal-to-noise ratio is in dB

85.
For a given bandwidth signal, more channel space is available for signals in the range of:

A. HF

B. UHF

C. SHF

D. EHF

87.

Why are amplifiers used in electronic devices?

A. to provide signals of usable amplitude

B. to "pickup" broadcast signals

C. to select the proper broadcast signal.

D. to change the broadcast signal to an audio signal.

90.

The original electrical information signal to be transmitted is called the:

A. modulating signal

B. carrier

C. baseband signal

D. source signal

94.

Wavelength is _____ proportional to propagation speed and _____ proportional to period.

A. inversely; directly

B. directly; inversely

C. inversely; inversely

D. directy; directly

97.

The wavelength of a signal depends on the:

A. frequencies of the signal

C. phase of the signal

D. A and B

98.

Which of the following is different from the other?

A. facsimile

B. telemetry

C. videotex

D. teletex

99.

The communications medium causes the signal to be:

A. amplified

B. modulated

C. attenuated

D. interfered with

105.

"Pink" noise has:

A. equal power per Hertz

B. equal power per octave

C. constant power

D. non of the above

1.

If the output of a circuit should be a representation of less than one-half of the input signal,
what class of operation should be used?

A. A

B. C
C. AB

D. AC

2.

In a frequency-domain plot, the vertical axis measures the:

a. peak amplitude

b. frequency

c. phase

d. slope

3.

3. Cosmic noise:

A. a constant radiation from the sun

B. RF noise radiated by distant stars.

C. constant radiation from the sun and RF noise radiated by distant stars.

D. none of these

4.

The Colpitts VFO uses:

A. a tapped inductor

B. a two capacitor-divider

C. an RC time constant

D. a piezoeletric crystal

5.

If a periodic voltage waveform is symmetric about a line midway between the vertical axis and
the negative horizontal axis and passing through the coordinate origin, it is said to have point, or
skew, symmetry is called a/n:

A. even function

B. odd function

C. half-wave symmetry
D. full-wave symmetry

6.

Which of the following is not a source of external noise?

A. thermal agitation

B. auto ignitions

C. the sun

D. fluorescent lights

7.

Radiowave spectrum is from _____ to ______.

A. ELF, EHF

B. VF, EHF

C. VLF, EHF

D. VLF, Light Frequencies

8.

Television Broadcasting occurs in which ranges?

A. HF

B. EHF

C. VHF

D. UHF

9.

A complete communication system must include:

A. transmitted and receiver

B. a transmitter, a receiver, and a channel

C. A transmitter, a receiver, and a spectrum analyzer

D. A multiplexer, a demultiplexer, and a channel

10.
Indicate the false statement. Modulation is used to

A. reduce the bandwidth used

B. separate differing transmissions.

C. ensure that intelligence may be transmitted over long distances.

D. allow the use of practicable antennas.

11.

A class B amplifier conducts for how many degrees of an input sine.

A. 90 deg to 150 deg

B. 180 deg

C. 180 deg to 360 deg

D. 360 deg

12.

Which of the following characteristics impulse noise?

A. It is characterized by low-amplitude peaks of long duration in the total noise spectrum.

B. produced when unwanted harmonics of a signal are produced through non-linear

C. It is the generation of unwanted sum and difference frequencies when two or more signals
are amplified by a non-linear device

D. consists of sudden bursts of irregularly shaped pulses

13.

What electrical characteristics make the frequency stability of a crystal better than that of an LC
tank circuit?

A. higher Q

B. higher inductance

C. higher resistance

D. higher capacitance

14.
If the maximum amplitude of a sine wave is 2V, the minimum amplitude is ____ V.

A. 2

B. 1

C. -2

D. Betweeen 2 and -2

15.

Which of the following describes shot noise?

A. noise that is produced by random motion of electrons in a conductor due to heat.

B. noise that is due to random variations in current flow in active devices such as tubes,
transistors, semiconductor diodes, etc.

C. noise power that varies inversely with frequency.

D. any modification to a stream of carriers as they pass from input to output of a device
produces an irregular, random variation.

16.

Electromagnetic waves produced primarily by heat are called:

A. infrared rays

B. microwaves

C. shortwaves

D. x-rays

17.

Radians per second is equal to:

A. 2pi * f

B. f/2pi

C. the phase angle

D. none of the above

18.
What is a noise limiter?

A. suppressed low frequency components.

B. prevents externally generated noise from exceeding certain amplitude.

C. It is inserted in series with a c-power cord of an electronic device

D. any of these

19.

The most efficient RF power amplifier is which class amplifier?

A. Class B

B. Class A

C. Class AB

D. Class C

20.

A signal is composed of a fundamental frequency of 2 kHz and another of 4 kHz. This 4 kHz
signal is referred to as:

A. fundamental of the 2 kHz signal

B. the DC component of the main signal.

C. a dielectric signal of the main signal

D. a harmonic of the 2 kHz signal

21.

If bandwidth is tripled, the signal power is:

A. not changed

B. quadrupled

C. tripled

D. doubled

22.

Which of the following advantages does the Colpitts oscillator have over the Armstrong and
Hartley oscillators?
A. easier to tune

B. wider frequency range

C. better frequency stability

D. all of the above

23.

A signal is measured at two different points. The power is P1 at the first point and P2 is at the
second point. The dB is 0. This means:

A. P2 is zero

B. P2 equals to P1

C. P2 is much larger than P1

P2 is much smaller than P1

24.

What is correlated noise?

A. noise that is present regardless of whether there is signal present or not.

B. noise that cannot be present in the circuit unless there is an input signal.

C. noise that affects the communication system coming from the outside environment.

D. noise which is generated internally or within the communication system or in the receiver.

25.

A micron is:

A. one-millionth of a foot

B. one-millionth of a meter

C. one-thousandth of a meter

D. one ten-thousandth of an inch.

26.

Solar noise:

A. a constant radiation from the sun.

C. a constant radiation from the sun and RF noise radiated by distant stars.

D. none of these.

27.

Continuous voice or video signals are referred to as being:

A. baseband

B. analog

C. digital

D. continuous waves

28.

The Clapp oscillator is:

A. a modified Hartley oscillator

B. a modified Colpitts oscillator

C. a type of crystal-controlled oscillator

D. only built with FETs

29.

What is attenuation?

A. the signal loses strength due to the resistance of the transmission medium.

B. the signal loses strength due to the different propagation.

C. an outside source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal.

D. any of these

30.

Noise can be reduced by:

A. widening the bandwidth

B. narrowing the bandwidth

C. increasing temperature
D. increasing transistor current levels.

31.

Why do we call signals in the range 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz audio frequencies?

A. because the human ear cannot sense anything in this range

B. because this range is too low for radio energy.

C. because the human ear can sense radio waves in this range.

D. because the human ear can sense sounds in this range.

32.

What class of the operation has the highest fidelity?

A. A

B. C

C. AB

D. AC

33.

33. In a time-domain plot, the vertical axis is a measure of:

A. amplitude

B. frequency

C. phase

D. time

34.

Which of the following describes transit-time noise?

A. noise that is produced by random motion of electrons in a conductor due to heat.

B. noise that is due to random variations in current flow in active devices such as tubes,
transistors, semiconductor diodes, etc

C. noise power that varies inversely with frequency.

D. any modification to a stream of carriers as they pass from input to output of a device
produces an irregular, random variation.
39.

_____ is mathematically equal to the logarithm to base of ten of the power ratio of P1 over P2.

A. bel

B. dB

C. bel/10

D. dB/2

40.

Radio Signals are made up of:

A. voltages and currents

B. electric and magnetic fields

C. electrons and protons.

D. noise and data

41.

Which of the following is not an actual amount of power?

A. dB

B. dBm

C. dBw

D. dBk

42.

An ideal sinusoidal oscillator would produce which of the following outputs?

A. square wave of constant frequency and amplitude

B. a square wave of varying frequency and amplitude

C. a sinewave of constant frequency and amplitude.

D. a sinewave of varying frequency and constant amplitude.

44.

The base band signal cannot usually be transmitted through space by radio because:
A. the antennas required are too short.

B. multiple base band signals transmitting simultaneously would interfere with one another.

C. the signal will be attenuated.

D. any of these.

45.

Noise is primarily:

A. high-frequency spikes

B. low-frequency variations

C. random level shifts

D. random frequency variations

46.

What happens to a signal's wavelength as its frequency increases?

A. it gets longer

B. it stays the same

C. it disappears.

D. it gets shorter.

48.

What three circuits are most commonly used as frequency determining devices?

A. class C amplifier, class B amplifier, and class A amplifier.

B. crystal-controlled oscillator, RC oscillator, and LC oscillator.

C. common-emitter amplifier, common-base amplifier, and common-collector amplifier.

D. transformer coupler, RC coupler, and direct coupler.

50.

The following are the characteristics of industrial noise, except:

A. noise is due to automobile and aircraft ignition, electric motors, and switching equipment,
leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lamps, etc.
B. usually between 1-600 GHz

C. usually most intense in industrial and densely populated areas.

D. also called man-made noise.

52.

Indicate the false statement. Fourier analysis shows that a sawtooth wave consist of:

A. fundamental and subharmonic sine waves.

B. a fundamental sine wave and an infinite number of harmonics

C. fundamental and harmonic sine waves whose amplitude decreases with the harmonic
number.

D. sinusoidal voltages, some of which are small enough to ignore in practice.

53.

The wavelength of a radio signal is:

A. equal to f/c

B. equal to c/lambda

C. the distance a wave travels in the ground.

D. how far the signal can travel without distortion.

54.

Which of the following is not a source of noise?

A. another communication signal

B. atmospheric effects

C. manufactured electrical systems,

D. thermal agitation in electronic components.

55.

The unit "decibel" is used to indicate:

A. an oscilloscope wave form

B. a mathematical ratio
C. certain radio waves

D. a single side band signal

58.

Which of the following is not used for communications?

A. x-rays

B. millimeter waves

C. infrared

D. microwaves

59.

Distortion is caused by:

A. creation of harmonics of baseband frequencies

B. baseband frequencies "mixing" with each other.

C. shift in phase relationships between baseband frequencies

D. all of the above

60.

What is a spectrum analyzer?

A. a description of signal with respect to time

B. an instrument that shows signals waveforms

C. a description of signal with respect to its frequency

D. an instrument that shows amplitude-versus-frequency plot

61.

The term "bel" is a unit of measurement that expresses which of the following relationships?

A. ratio of voltage and resistance

B. logarithmic ratio between input and output

C. geometric progression from input to output

D. ratio of voltage to current.

If a periodic voltage waveform is symmetric about the vertical axis, it is said to have axes, or
mirror, symmetry and is called a/n:

A. even function

B. odd function

C. half-wave symmetry

D. full-wave symmetry

65.

What of the following describes pink noise?

A. noise that is produced by random motion of electrons in a conductor due to heat.

B. noise that is due to random variations in current flow in active devices such as tubes,
transistors, semiconductor diodes, etc.

C. noise power that varies inversely with frequency

D. any modification to a stream of carriers as they pass from input to output of a device
produces an irregular, random variation.

66.

"Man-made" noise can come from:

A. equipment that sparks

B. temperature

C. static

D. all of the above

69.

Propagation time is ____ proportional to distance and _____ proportional to propagation

A. inversely; directly

B. directly; inversely

C. inversely; inversely
D. directly; directly

70.

Which noise figure represents the lowest noise?

A. 1.5 dB

B. 2.0 dB

C. 3.7 dB

D. 4.1 dB

72.

What is noise?

A. the signal loses strength due to the resistance of the transmission medium.

B. the signal loses strength due to the different propagation speeds of each frequency that
makes up the signal.

C. an outside source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal.

D. any of theses.

73.

The degree to which a cycle has been completed at any given instant is referred to as:

A. phase

B. period

C. frequency

D. amplitude

79.

What is simplex operation?

A. transmitting and receiving over a wide area.

B. transmitting on one frequency

C. transmitting one-way communications.

D. transmitting and receiving on the same frequency.

Approximate wavelength of green light:

A. 700 nm

B. 530 nm

C. 475 nm

D. 400 nm

88.

Which of the following can be determined from a frequency-domain graph of a signal?

A. bandwidth

B. phase

C. power

D. all of the above

89.

Indicate the false statement: The square of the thermal noise voltage generated by a resistor is
proportional to:

A. its resistance

B. its temperature

C.Boltzmann's constant

D. the bandwidth over which it is measured.

91.

The Hartley oscillator uses:

A. a tapped inductor

B. a two-capacitor divider

C. an RC time constant

D. a piezoelectric crystal

92.
What is an oscilloscope?

A. a description of signal with respect to time

B. an instrument that shows signal waveforms.

C. a description of signal with respect to its frequency.

D. an instrument that shows amplitude-versus-frequency plot

93.

Most internal noise comes from:

A. shot noise

B. transit-time noise

C. thermal agitation

D. skin effect

95.

Random interference to transmitted signals is called:

A. adjacent channel overlap

B. cross talk

C. garbage-in-garbage-out

D. noise

96.

Shot noise is generated in:

A. transistors and diodes

B. resistors

C. copper wire

D. none of the above

100.

The power density of "flicker" noise is:

A. the same at all frequencies

C. greater at low frequencies

D. the same as "white" noise

101.

An analog signal is a:

A. continuous signal which represents digital measurements.

B. continuous signal which represents physical measurements.

C. discrete time signals generated by analog modulation.

D. discrete time signals generated by digital modulation.

102.

Which of the following is not a source of noise?

A. another communications signal

B. atmospheric effects

C. manufactured electrical systems

D. thermal agitation in electronic components.

103.

So called "1/f" noise is also called:

A. random noise

B. pink noise

C. white noise

D. partition noise

104.

What is distortion?

A. the signal loses strength due to the resistance of the transmission medium

B. the signal loses strength due to the different propagation speeds of each frequency that
makes up the signal.
C. an outside source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal.

D. any of these.

106.

If a periodic voltage waveform is such that the waveform for the first half cycle repeats itself
except with the opposite sign for the second half cycle, it is said to have:

A. even function

B. odd function

C. half-wave symmetry

D. full-wave symmetry