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Transport - Handout

The document provides an overview of freight transport, detailing various types such as block trains, single-wagon, intermodal, and multimodal transport, along with their specific uses and examples. It discusses factors influencing transport choices, common problems faced in freight transport, and types of containers and handling equipment used. Additionally, it differentiates between perishable and non-perishable cargo, highlighting the need for appropriate transport methods based on cargo characteristics.

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NataliaRzonsowska
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21 views5 pages

Transport - Handout

The document provides an overview of freight transport, detailing various types such as block trains, single-wagon, intermodal, and multimodal transport, along with their specific uses and examples. It discusses factors influencing transport choices, common problems faced in freight transport, and types of containers and handling equipment used. Additionally, it differentiates between perishable and non-perishable cargo, highlighting the need for appropriate transport methods based on cargo characteristics.

Uploaded by

NataliaRzonsowska
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transport Revision Handout

Introduction to Freight Transport

Freight transport is essential for moving goods across different locations, whether by road,
rail, air, or sea. There are several types of freight transport, each suited to specific types of
goods, distances, and conditions. This handout provides key definitions and examples of
transport terms and concepts to help you complete the exercises in the worksheet.

1. Types of Freight Traffic

Here are some key types of freight transport:


 Block Train:
A block train is a train that is used by a single shipper, meaning the entire train goes
from the point of origin to the destination without stops or changes. The entire load is
transported without reassembling or transferring the freight.
Example: A manufacturer sends a full trainload of raw materials directly to a factory without
the need for unloading or rearranging the cargo along the way.
 Single-Wagon:
A single-wagon service allows a shipper to send smaller quantities of goods on a train,
but unlike a block train, the goods may come from different shippers and may have
different destinations. This requires more handling and transfers.
Example: A single shipment of electronics that is part of a train made up of several different
shipments, each headed to different destinations.
 Intermodal Transport:
Intermodal transport involves the use of different modes of transport (e.g., truck, rail,
sea) to move goods. The goods remain in the same container or unit as they change
modes of transport, making it more efficient and reducing handling time.
Example: A container is shipped by truck to a rail terminal, then transported by train to the
next city, and finally shipped by truck to the destination.
 Piggyback:
Piggyback transport refers to the practice of transporting road vehicles (such as trailers
or lorries) on trains. This is a type of intermodal transport that combines road and rail.
Example: A truck with goods is driven onto a railcar, and the truck is transported by rail to its
destination.
 Unaccompanied Transport:
In unaccompanied transport, the driver does not stay with the vehicle during the
journey. This typically occurs when the vehicle is transported by rail or ferry.
Example: A truck is loaded onto a ferry for transport across a body of water, and the driver
takes another form of transport.
 Multimodal Transport:
Multimodal transport involves using two or more different transport modes under a
single contract. This term emphasizes the use of multiple transport methods without
necessarily using the same container.
Example: A shipment travels by sea to a port, then by truck to a warehouse, and then by rail to
a final destination.

2. Choosing Between Block Train and Single-Wagon Transport

 Block Train is typically more efficient when a large volume of goods is being shipped
over a long distance. It avoids the need for reloading or transferring goods at
intermediate points, which can save time and reduce handling costs.
 Single-Wagon Transport is more suitable for smaller shipments where sending a full
train is not necessary. It is flexible but might involve more handling and stops along
the way.

3. Factors Influencing the Choice of Transport

Several factors influence the choice of transport method for a shipment. These include:
 Cost:
The cost of transportation is a key factor. Block trains might be cheaper for large
volumes, but single-wagon options could be more cost-effective for smaller
shipments.
 Speed:
Time sensitivity may affect your choice. For urgent shipments, air or express services
may be necessary, while for less time-sensitive goods, rail or sea transport might be
preferable.
 Cargo Type:
Different goods require different transport methods. Perishable goods (like fresh
produce or seafood) require faster and more controlled environments (like refrigerated
containers), while heavy machinery may need specialized transport like flat-rack
containers.
 Distance:
The distance between the origin and destination affects the transport choice. For long
distances, intermodal transport (using rail, for example) may be more efficient.
 Flexibility:
If you need flexibility in terms of delivery times and routes, single-wagon transport or
road transport might offer more options compared to fixed routes like block trains.

4. Common Problems in Freight Transport

Here are some problems that might affect the delivery of cargo:
 Delays:
Bad weather, technical issues, or customs delays can cause transportation delays.
Solutions include monitoring the shipment, having contingency plans, and using
multiple transport options to minimize delays.
 Damage to Goods:
Improper loading or handling can lead to damage. Proper packing and the use of
reliable, experienced transport companies can help reduce damage.
 Lost or Misrouted Cargo:
Goods may be sent to the wrong destination. Tracking systems and clear labeling help
prevent misrouting.
 Customs and Regulatory Issues:
When crossing international borders, customs clearance can cause delays. Ensuring all
documentation is accurate and prepared in advance can help avoid these issues.
 Cost Overruns:
Unexpected costs can arise, especially when changing modes of transport. Carefully
calculating the total cost of transport, including potential surcharges, is essential to
avoid these problems.

5. Types of Transport and Handling Equipment

 Tarpaulin:
A heavy-duty, waterproof cover used to protect cargo from the weather during
transport, especially in open-top containers.
 Frame:
A structure used to support or secure cargo, especially in flat-rack or open-top
containers.
 Lashing:
Equipment such as straps, ropes, or chains used to secure cargo in place and prevent it
from shifting during transport.
 Plugs:
Devices used to seal containers, especially in the case of refrigerated containers
(reefers) to maintain temperature control.
 Machinery:
Heavy machinery used in loading, unloading, or securing cargo, such as cranes or
forklifts.
 Controlled Temperature Equipment (Reefers):
Containers equipped with refrigeration to transport perishable items that require
specific temperature conditions.
6. Types of Containers and Their Uses

 Dry Cargo Containers:


These are standard containers used for non-perishable goods, such as electronics,
clothing, and machinery.
 Reefer Containers:
These are refrigerated containers used for goods that need to be kept at specific
temperatures, like fresh produce, meat, and dairy products.
 Tanktainers:
These are specialized containers for transporting liquids, including chemicals, oils, and
liquids in bulk.
 Open Top Containers:
These containers do not have a roof, making them suitable for oversized cargo or
goods that need to be loaded from above, like machinery or large equipment.
 Flat-Rack Containers:
Flat-racks are used for transporting heavy or oversized cargo that cannot fit into a
standard container, such as steel pipes or construction equipment.

7. Perishable vs. Non-Perishable Cargo

 Perishable Cargo:
These are goods that can spoil or degrade over time, such as food, pharmaceuticals, or
flowers. They require quick delivery and often need temperature-controlled transport.
Examples: Fresh produce, seafood, dairy products.
 Non-Perishable Cargo:
These are goods that have a long shelf life and are not easily damaged by time or
environmental conditions.
Examples: Machinery, electronics, textiles.
 Heavyweight and Overwidth Cargo:
This refers to goods that are exceptionally large or heavy, requiring specialized
transport such as flat-racks or heavy-lift equipment.
Examples: Industrial boilers, steel pipes.

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