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Constraints in SQL

The document outlines the creation of several SQL tables with various constraints including NOT NULL, UNIQUE, IDENTITY, CHECK, DEFAULT, and PRIMARY KEY. It provides examples of inserting data into these tables and demonstrates the use of foreign keys for linking parent and child tables. Additionally, it includes SQL commands for updating and deleting records from the tables.

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obstaclesxsystems
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22 views4 pages

Constraints in SQL

The document outlines the creation of several SQL tables with various constraints including NOT NULL, UNIQUE, IDENTITY, CHECK, DEFAULT, and PRIMARY KEY. It provides examples of inserting data into these tables and demonstrates the use of foreign keys for linking parent and child tables. Additionally, it includes SQL commands for updating and deleting records from the tables.

Uploaded by

obstaclesxsystems
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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--1.

NOT NULL CONSTARINT // ARE APPLIED ON FIELD


-- WILL NOT ALLOW NULL VALUES

CREATE TABLE TBL_NOTNULL


(
EMPID INT NOT NULL
,ENAME NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
,EMAIL NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
,DOB DATE NOT NULL
,DOJ DATETIME NOT NULL
,SAL MONEY NOT NULL
,COMM DECIMAL(18,2)
,[ADDRESS] NVARCHAR(50)
,ISACTIVE BIT NOT NULL
)

SELECT * FROM TBL_NOTNULL

INSERT INTO TBL_NOTNULL(EMPID,ENAME,EMAIL,DOB,DOJ,SAL,ADDRESS,ISACTIVE)


VALUES (3,'SAM','[email protected]','05/29/1990',GETDATE(),15000,'HYD',0)

--UNIQUE NO DUPLICATES

CREATE TABLE TBL_NOTNULL_UNIQUE


(
EMPID INT UNIQUE NOT NULL
,ENAME NVARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL
,EMAIL NVARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL
,DOB DATE NOT NULL
,DOJ DATETIME NOT NULL
,SAL MONEY NOT NULL
,COMM DECIMAL(18,2)
,[ADDRESS] NVARCHAR(50)
,ISACTIVE BIT UNIQUE
)
SELECT * FROM TBL_NOTNULL_UNIQUE

INSERT INTO TBL_NOTNULL_UNIQUE(EMPID,ENAME,EMAIL,DOB,DOJ,SAL,COMM,ADDRESS,ISACTIVE)

VALUES (3,'KHAN','[email protected]','05/29/1990',GETDATE(),15000,500,'HYD',2)

--IDENTITY -- Auto Increment

CREATE TABLE TBL_NOTNULL_IDENTITY


(
EMPID INT IDENTITY(1,1)
,ENAME NVARCHAR(50)
,EMAIL NVARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL
,DOB DATE NOT NULL
,DOJ DATETIME NOT NULL
,SAL MONEY NOT NULL
,COMM DECIMAL(18,2)
,[ADDRESS] NVARCHAR(50)
,ISACTIVE BIT
)

SELECT * FROM TBL_NOTNULL_IDENTITY

INSERT INTO TBL_NOTNULL_IDENTITY(ENAME,EMAIL,DOB,DOJ,SAL,COMM,ADDRESS,ISACTIVE)


VALUES ('KHAN','[email protected]','05/29/1990',GETDATE(),15000,500,'HYD',1)

--CHECK

CREATE TABLE TBL_CHECK


(
EMPID INT IDENTITY(1,1)
,ENAME NVARCHAR(50)
,EMAIL NVARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL
,DOB DATE NOT NULL
,DOJ DATETIME NOT NULL
,SAL MONEY NOT NULL
,COMM DECIMAL(18,2)
,[ADDRESS] NVARCHAR(50)
,ISACTIVE BIT
--,AGE INT CHECK (AGE>=18)
,AGE INT CHECK (AGE BETWEEN 18 AND 50)
)

SELECT * FROM TBL_CHECK

INSERT INTO TBL_CHECK(ENAME,EMAIL,DOB,DOJ,SAL,COMM,ADDRESS,ISACTIVE,AGE)


VALUES ('KHAN','[email protected]','05/29/1990',GETDATE(),15000,500,'HYD',1,25)

--DEFAULT

CREATE TABLE TBL_DEFAULT1


(
EMPID INT IDENTITY(1,1)
,ENAME NVARCHAR(50)
,EMAIL NVARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL
,DOB DATE NOT NULL
,DOJ DATETIME NOT NULL
,SAL MONEY NOT NULL
,COMM DECIMAL(18,2)
,[ADDRESS] NVARCHAR(50) DEFAULT 'HYD' UNIQUE
,ISACTIVE BIT
--,AGE INT CHECK (AGE>=18)
,AGE INT CHECK (AGE BETWEEN 18 AND 50)
)

SELECT * FROM TBL_DEFAULT1

INSERT INTO TBL_DEFAULT1(ENAME,EMAIL,DOB,DOJ,SAL,COMM,ISACTIVE,AGE,ADDRESS)


VALUES ('KHAN','[email protected]','05/29/1990',GETDATE(),15000,500,1,25,'SEC')

--PRIMARY KEY
CREATE TABLE TBL_PK
(
EMPID INT PRIMARY KEY
,ENAME NVARCHAR(50)
,EMAIL NVARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL
,DOB DATE NOT NULL
,DOJ DATETIME NOT NULL
,SAL MONEY NOT NULL
,COMM DECIMAL(18,2)
,[ADDRESS] NVARCHAR(50) UNIQUE
,ISACTIVE BIT
,AGE INT CHECK (AGE BETWEEN 18 AND 50)
)

SELECT * FROM TBL_PK

INSERT INTO TBL_PK(EMPID,ENAME,EMAIL,DOB,DOJ,SAL,COMM,ISACTIVE,AGE,ADDRESS)


VALUES (3,'ANU','[email protected]','05/29/1990',GETDATE(),15000,500,1,25,'DEDE')

--FK

--PK FK
-- FOR LINKING OR JOINNG TWO OR MORE TABLES WE USE PK AND FK

CREATE TABLE PARENT


(
PID INT PRIMARY KEY
,PNAME NVARCHAR(50)
,AGE INT
)

INSERT INTO PARENT VALUES (1,'SAVARAIH') -- ABHISHEK


INSERT INTO PARENT VALUES (2,'UTTAM') -- ANIL

SELECT * FROM PARENT


SELECT * FROM CHILD

CREATE TABLE CHILD


(
CID INT
,CNAME NVARCHAR(50)
,PARENT_REFID INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES PARENT(AGE)
)

INSERT INTO CHILD VALUES (101,'ANIL',2)

--GET CHILD NAME AND PARENT NAME IN SELECT FROM PARENT AND CHILD TABLE

--PK -- CAN HAVE MULTIPLR FK FK

--
NOT NULL
UNIQUE
DEFAULT
CHECK
IDENTITY
PK
FK

--CREATE TABLE WITH THESE CONSTRANTS

IDENTITY
1

AGAIN CAN I ADD 2 OR NOT

CREATE TABLE TEST


(
ID INT IDENTITY(1,1)
,NAME NVARCHAR(50)
)

SET IDENTITY_INSERT DBO.TEST OFF

INSERT INTO TEST(ID,NAME) VALUES (2,'ANUSHA')

SELECT * FROM TEST

DELETE FROM TEST WHERE ID =2

SELECT * FROM TEST

UPDATE TEST SET NAME ='XYZ'

DELETE FROM TEST

UPDATE -- UPDATING A FILED


DELETE -- DELETING

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