Scribd
Upload
10 views2 pages

Science Reviewer

The Science Grade 7 Study Guide covers key concepts in forces, motion, and heat transfer. It explains balanced and unbalanced forces, the difference between distance and displacement, and the types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Additionally, it discusses the use of free-body diagrams and distance-time graphs to analyze motion.

Uploaded by

Miss Faith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views2 pages

Science Reviewer

The Science Grade 7 Study Guide covers key concepts in forces, motion, and heat transfer. It explains balanced and unbalanced forces, the difference between distance and displacement, and the types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Additionally, it discusses the use of free-body diagrams and distance-time graphs to analyze motion.

Uploaded by

Miss Faith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Science Grade 7 Study Guide

I. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

 Definition of Force: A push or pull that can change the motion of an object.
 Measuring Forces: Forces are measured in Newtons (N).
 Balanced Forces:
o Occur when the net force acting on an object is zero.
o Result in no change in the object's motion (object at rest or moving with constant velocity).
o Examples:
 A box resting on an inclined plane.
 A man standing still.
 An object moving with constant velocity.
 Unbalanced Forces:

o Occur when the net force acting on an object is not zero.


o Result in a change in the object's motion (acceleration or deceleration).
o Examples:
 Freely falling fruit.
 An accelerating car.

 Free-Body Diagrams:

o Visual representations of forces acting on an object.


o Arrows represent the magnitude and direction of forces.
o Used to analyze balanced and unbalanced forces.
o How to create a free body diagram:
 Draw the object.
 Draw arrows representing each force acting on the object.
 Label each arrow with the force and its magnitude.

 Forces and Motion:

o Unbalanced forces cause changes in an object's speed or direction of motion.


o Newton's Laws of Motion (particularly the 1st and 2nd laws) relate force, mass, and acceleration.

II. Motion: Displacement and Velocity (Science Vistas 7, pp. 138-149)

 Distance vs. Displacement:

o Distance: The total length of the path traveled.


o Displacement: The change in position from the starting point to the ending point (a vector quantity).
o Reference Point: A fixed point used to determine position and displacement.
o Example: if a person walks 5 meters north, and then 5 meters south, the distance traveled is 10 meters, but
the displacement is 0 meters.

 Speed vs. Velocity:

o Speed: The rate at which an object covers distance (scalar quantity).


o Velocity: The rate at which an object changes position (vector quantity, includes direction).
o Vectors: quantities that have both magnitude and direction.

III. Distance-Time Graphs (Science Vistas 7, pp. 138-149)

 Uniform Velocity: Motion with constant speed and direction.


 Distance-Time Graphs:
o Represent the relationship between distance and time.
o A straight line indicates uniform velocity.
o The slope of the line represents the velocity.
o A steeper slope means a higher velocity.

 Analyzing Graphs:

o Interpret the slope to determine velocity.


o Identify periods of constant velocity, acceleration, or rest.

IV. Heat Transfer (Science Vistas 7, pp. 213-225)

 Heat vs. Temperature:

o Heat: The transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures.


o Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

 Conduction:

o Heat transfer through direct contact.


o Occurs in solids.
o Particle model: Vibrating particles transfer energy to neighboring particles.
o Advantageous examples: Cooking on a metal pan.
o Disadvantageous examples: Burning your hand on a hot pan.

 Convection:

o Heat transfer through the movement of fluids (liquids and gases).


o Particle model: Warm fluids rise, and cool fluids sink, creating convection currents.
o Advantageous examples: Heating a room with a radiator.
o Disadvantageous examples: Hot air rising in a poorly ventilated room.

 Radiation:

o Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.


o Does not require a medium.
o Advantageous examples: Sun warming the Earth.
o Disadvantageous examples: Sunburn from excessive exposure.

 Innovative Devices:

o Devices that convert heat energy into electrical energy.


o Examples: Thermoelectric generators, solar thermal power plants.
o Gather information from secondary sources.

You might also like