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Maths Euler’s Theorem for Homogeneous Functions

Euler’s Theorem for Homogeneous Functions

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An Introduction to Euler’s Theorem

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 Euler’s theorem for Homogeneous Functions is used to derive a
relationship between the product of the function with its degree and
partial derivatives of it.

Euler’s Theorem
:
 In this article, we will first discuss the statement of the theorem followed
by the mathematical expression of Euler’s theorem and prove the
theorem. We will also discuss the things for which Euler’s Theorem is used
and is applicable. A brief history of mathematician Leonhard Euler will
also be discussed after whom the theorem is named so.

History of Leonhard Euler

Image:

Leonhard Euler,

Name: Leonhard Euler

Born: 15 April 1707

Died: 18 September 1783

Statement of Euler’s Theorem

Euler's theorem states that if ) is a homogeneous function of the
degree of variables , then

Here, we will be discussing 2 variables only. So, if is a homogeneous

function of degree of variables and , then from Euler's Theorem, we
get
:
 Proof of Euler’s Theorem
Proof:

Let be a homogenous function of degree of the variables

.

Now, we know that

This is because when is a function of , then it becomes a function

of because are a function of .

This means that

Now, we will consider the above equations for degree 1.

where is an arbitrary parameter.

Now, we will differentiate the equation [3] partially w.r.t. .

:
 Again, we will differentiate the equation [4] partially w.r.t. .

Now, we will substitute in equation [3].

Multiplying the terms, we get

Now, we will substitute in equation [4].

Multiplying the terms, we get

We will now differentiate the equation [1] partially w.r.t. .

Partial differentiation of w.r.t. is

:
 Now, we will differentiate the equation [1] partially w.r.t. .

Partial differentiation of w.r.t. is 0 .

Now, we will differentiate the equation [2] partially w.r.t. .

Since is a function of and are a function of , and , thus

apply the chain rule of partial differentiation to differentiate.

We will substitute for for for for in

equation [11]. Thus, the equation [11] becomes:

Using the result of equations [7] and [8], we can write the above
equation as

We will again substitute and for in the equation [12], we

get
:
 Hence proved.

Limitations of Euler's Theorem

Euler’s Theorem cannot be applied to non-homogeneous

differential equations. It is only applicable to homogeneous
differential equations.

Euler’s Theorem is very complex to understand and needs

knowledge of ordinary and partial differential equations.

Application of Euler’s Theorem

Euler’s theorem has wide application in electronic devices which

work on the AC principle.

Euler’s formula is used by scientists to perform various calculations

and research.

Solved Examples

1. If , prove that .

Ans:

Given
:
 We can say that

is a homogeneous function of degree

By Euler's Theorem,

2. If , prove that

Ans:
Given that

Change into an exponential function.

Let
:
 is a homogeneous function of degree 1.

By Euler's Theorem,

exists.

Hence Proved.

3. If , then

Ans:
Given that

is a homogeneous of degree
:
 Important Formulas to Remember
The function is said to be a homogeneous function if

$f(\lambda x, \lambda y)=\lambda^{n} f(x, y), \text { for any non zero
constant } \lambda .$

Here, is the degree of homogeneous function .

If is a homogeneous function of degree of variables and , then

Conclusion
Euler’s Theorem has a wide range of applications in daily life and it is a
fundamental tool of algebra. In this article, we have discussed Euler's
theorem and its proof along with its applications of it in daily life.

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FAQs on Euler’s Theorem for Homogeneous Functions

1. What is the difference between Euler Formula and Euler’s Formula

for Homogeneous Equations? Discuss their similarity if any.
Euler's Formula explains the relationship between trigonometric functions and complex
:
 exponentials, i.e., , where and represent the complex
exponentials, whereas Euler's theorem for homogeneous equations explains that the
homogeneous equation is the solution of the partial differential equation. Despite
differences, both share a lot of similarities. Both form a fundamental part of calculus
and have applications in Artificial Intelligence and research.

2. Is there any Euler Formula for cubes? If yes, is it related to Euler’s

Formula for Homogeneous Equations?

3. Is Euler’s Formula only applicable for 2 variable homogeneous

equations?

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