Math 103

Worksheet No. (3) Department of Mathematics

Solution Dr. Mohammad Yasin

Problem 1:
Find the domain and range of the following functions:
1. 𝑦 = 3|cos 𝑥 | 2. 𝑦 = −|tan 𝑥| 3. 𝑦 = |csc 2𝑥 |
1 1
4. 𝑦 = 5. 𝑦 =
2 − cos 𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥
Solution

1. Domain: 𝐷𝑓 = ℝ
Range: −1 ≤ cos 𝑥 ≤ 1
0 ≤ |cos 𝑥| ≤ 1
0 ≤ 3|cos 𝑥| ≤ 3
𝑅𝑓 = [ 𝟎 , 𝟑 ]

2. Domain: cos 𝑥 ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 ≠ (𝑘 𝜋)⁄2

𝒌𝝅
𝐷𝑓 = ℝ − { }, 𝑘: odd integer
𝟐
Range: −∞ < tan 𝑥 < ∞
0 ≤ |tan 𝑥 | < ∞
0 ≥ −|tan 𝑥 | > −∞
𝑅𝑓 = ] −∞, 𝟎 ]

3. Domain: sin(2𝑥) ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 ≠ (𝑛 𝜋)⁄2

𝒏𝝅
𝐷𝑓 = ℝ − { }, 𝑛: integer
𝟐
Range: 1 ≤ |csc 𝑥 | < ∞
𝑅𝑓 = [ 𝟏, ∞ [

4. Domain: 2 − cos 𝑥 ≠ 0 ⟹ cos 𝑥 ≠ 2

𝐷𝑓 = ℝ
Range: −1 ≤ cos 𝑥 ≤ 1
1 ≥ −cos 𝑥 ≥ −1
3 ≥ 2 −cos 𝑥 ≥ 1
1 1
≤ ≤1
3 2 − cos 𝑥
𝟏
𝑅𝑓 = [ , 𝟏]
𝟑
 5. Domain: 1 + sin 𝑥 ≠ 0 ⟹ sin 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝟑𝝅
𝐷𝑓 = ℝ − { + 𝟐𝒏𝝅 } , 𝑛: integer
𝟐
Range: −1 ≤ sin 𝑥 ≤ 1
0 ≤ 1 + sin 𝑥 ≤ 2
1 1
∞> ≥
1 + sin 𝑥 2
𝟏
𝑅𝑓 = [ , ∞ [
𝟐

Problem 2:
Sketch the graph of each of the following functions and indicate the range and the period in each case:
𝜋
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (𝑥 + ) (b) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(3𝑥) + 1 (c) 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 csc(2𝑥)
2

(d) 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 sec(4𝑥) (e) 𝑓(𝑥) = tan(2𝑥 − 𝜋)

Solution:
𝜋
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (𝑥 + )
2

𝜋
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (𝑥 + )
2

𝑅𝑓 : 𝑦 ∈ [−1,1] , Period = 2π

(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(3𝑥) + 1

𝑦 = cos 𝑥 𝑦 = cos(3𝑥)

𝑦 = cos(3𝑥) + 1

𝑅𝑓 : 𝑦 ∈ [0,2]
2π
Period =
3
(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 csc(2𝑥)
𝑦 = csc 𝑥 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜(𝟐𝒙)

𝑓 (𝑥) = −3 csc(2𝑥)
𝑹𝒇 : 𝒚 ∈ ℝ − ]−𝟑, 𝟑[
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅 = 𝝅

(c) 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 sec(4𝑥)

𝑦 = sec 𝑥 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝟒𝒙)

𝒇(𝒙) = −𝟑 𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝟒𝒙)
𝑹𝒇 : 𝒚 ∈ ℝ − ]−𝟑, 𝟑[
𝛑
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 =
𝟐
 (d) 𝑓(𝑥) = tan(2𝑥 − 𝜋)
𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟐𝒙)

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟐𝒙 − 𝝅)
𝑹𝒇 : 𝒚 ∈ ]−∞, ∞[
𝛑
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 =
𝟐

Problem 3:
Complete the following:
1.. The so tion of (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2) sin 𝑥 = 0 is 𝑥 = ⋯ ⋯
2.. The zer of 𝑦 = 4 sin 3𝑥 are 𝑥 = ⋯ ⋯

3.. The per d of 𝑦 = 5 tan 2𝑥 is ⋯ ⋯

4.. The ran of 𝑦 = −3 cos 2𝑥 is ⋯ ⋯

5.. The vert al asymptotes of sec 4𝑥 are 𝑥 = ⋯ ⋯

Solution:
1. (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2) sin 𝑥 = 0
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 0 sin 𝑥 = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 𝑥=𝑛𝜋
𝑥 = −1, 2

𝑥 = {−𝟏, 𝟐, 𝒏𝝅}
 𝒏𝝅
2. ∵ Zeros of sin 𝑥 = {𝑛𝜋} ⟹∴ Zeros of 4 sin(3𝑥) = { }
𝟑

𝝅
3. ∵ Period of tan 𝑥 = 𝜋 ⟹∴ Period of tan 2𝑥 =
𝟐

4. ∵ Range of cos 2𝑥 = [−1,1] ⟹∴ Range of −3 cos 2𝑥 = [−𝟑, 𝟑]

𝑘𝜋 𝒌𝝅
5. ∵ Asymptotes of sec 𝑥 at 𝑥 = ⟹∴ Asymptotes of sec 4𝑥 at 𝑥 =
2 𝟖

Problem 4:
Solve each of the following equations for 𝑥:

(a) sin 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ [0,2𝜋] (b) |cos 𝑥| = 1 ; 𝑥 ∈ [0,2𝜋] (c) sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑥 ∈ [0,4𝜋]
Solution:
(a) sin 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 ⟹∴ sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 Note:
sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 0 ⟹∴ sin 𝑥 (1 − 2 cos 𝑥 ) = 0
1
sin 𝑥 = 0 1 − 2 cos 𝑥 = 0 ⟹ cos 𝑥 =
2
𝜋 5𝜋
𝑥 = 0, 𝜋, 2𝜋 𝑥= ,
3 3
𝝅 𝟓𝝅
𝑥 = {𝟎, 𝝅, 𝟐𝝅, , }
𝟑 𝟑

(b) |cos 𝑥 | = 1 ⟹∴ cos 𝑥 = ± 1

cos 𝑥 = 1 cos 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 = 0, 2𝜋 𝑥=𝜋

𝑥 = {𝟎, 𝝅, 𝟐𝝅}

(c) sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 = 0 ⟹∴ sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 ⟹∴ tan 𝑥 = 1

𝝅 𝟓𝝅 𝟗𝝅 𝟏𝟑𝝅
𝑥={ , , , }
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

Problem 5: Sketch the following functions, then find the domain, range and equation of asymptote(s):

1. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 2 cosh 𝑥 2. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 + csch(𝑥 − 1) 3. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2|tanh 𝑥 |

4. 𝑓 (𝑥) = − sinh(𝑥 − 2) 5. 𝑓 (𝑥) = |−0.5 + sech 𝑥|

Solution:
1. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 2 cosh 𝑥
𝑦 = cosh 𝑥 𝑦 = 2 cosh 𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 2 cosh 𝑥

𝐷𝑓 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑅𝑓 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ [3, ∞[

2. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 + csch(𝑥 − 1)

𝑦 = csch 𝑥 𝑦 = csch(𝑥 − 1) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ(𝑥 − 1)

𝐷𝑓 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {1}, 𝑅𝑓 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ ℝ − {2}, Equation of asymptotes: 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦 = 2

3. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2|tanh 𝑥 |

𝑦 = tanh 𝑥 𝑦 = |tanh 𝑥 |

𝑓 (𝑥) = 2|tanh 𝑥 |
𝐷𝑓 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑅𝑓 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ [0, 2[

Equation of asymptote: 𝑦 = 2

4. 𝑓 (𝑥) = − sinh(𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ(𝑥 − 2) 𝑓 (𝑥) = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ(𝑥 − 2)

𝐷𝑓 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑅𝑓 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ ℝ

5. 𝑓 (𝑥) = |−0.5 + sech 𝑥 |

𝑦 = sech 𝑥 𝑦 = −0.5 + sech 𝑥
 𝑓 (𝑥) = |−0.5 + sech 𝑥 |

𝐷𝑓 : 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑅𝑓 : 𝑦 ∈ [0, 0.5]

Problem 6:
Prove each of the following identities:
1. (cosh 𝑥 + sinh 𝑥)10 = cosh 10𝑥 + sinh 10𝑥

2. sech2 𝑥 + tanh2 𝑥 = 1

1 + tanh(𝑥 ⁄2)
3. 𝑒 𝑥 =
1 − tanh(𝑥 ⁄2)
Solution:
1. ∵ cosh 𝑥 + sinh 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝐋𝐇𝐒 = (cosh 𝑥 + sinh 𝑥)10 = (𝑒 𝑥 )10 = 𝑒 10𝑥
𝐑𝐇𝐒 = cosh 10𝑥 + sinh 10𝑥 = 𝑒 10𝑥

2.
2 2
1 sinh2 𝑥 1 + sinh2 𝑥 Remember that:
𝐋𝐇𝐒 = sech 𝑥 + tanh 𝑥 = + =
cosh2 𝑥 cosh2 𝑥 cosh2 𝑥 cosh2 𝑥 = 1 + sinh2 𝑥
1 + sinh2 𝑥 cosh2 𝑥
∴ 𝐋𝐇𝐒 = = = 1 = 𝐑𝐇𝐒
cosh2 𝑥 cosh2 𝑥

sinh 𝑥
3. ∵ tanh 𝑥 =
cosh 𝑥
sinh 𝑥/2
1 + tanh(𝑥 ⁄2) 1+ cosh(𝑥 ⁄2) + sinh(𝑥 ⁄2)
cosh 𝑥/2
𝐑𝐇𝐒 = = sinh 𝑥/2
=
1 − tanh(𝑥 ⁄2) 1− cosh(𝑥 ⁄2) − sinh(𝑥 ⁄2)
cosh 𝑥/2

cosh(𝑥 ⁄2) + sinh(𝑥 ⁄2) 𝑒 𝑥/2 Remember that:

= = −𝑥/2 = 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝐋𝐇𝐒
cosh(𝑥 ⁄2) − sinh(𝑥 ⁄2) 𝑒 1. cosh 𝑥 + sinh 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
2. cosh 𝑥 − sinh 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥
Problem 7:
1. 𝒆𝒂 = 𝟐 (without calculator) complete the following:

sinh 𝑎 + cosh 𝑎 = ⋯ ⋯ sinh(3𝑎) + cosh(3𝑎) = ⋯ ⋯ sinh 𝑎 = ⋯ ⋯

cosh 𝑎 = ⋯ ⋯ cosh(−𝑎) = ⋯ ⋯ tanh 𝑎 = ⋯ ⋯

𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝒙 , 𝒙>𝟎
2. Sketch he function 𝒇(𝒙) = { , then complete the following:
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝒙, 𝒙≤𝟎

Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is ⋯ ⋯ Range of 𝑓(𝑥) is ⋯ ⋯ 𝑓 (0) = ⋯ ⋯

𝑓 (𝑥) = 0 at 𝑥 = ⋯ ⋯ lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = ⋯ ⋯ lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = ⋯ ⋯

𝑥→0+ 𝑥→0−

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ⋯ ⋯ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ⋯ ⋯

𝑥→∞ 𝑥→ −∞

Also, sketch 𝟏/𝒇(𝒙).

3. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝒙 is symmetric about … … … …
4. Mat the function with the suitable result

sech 𝑎 = cosh 𝑏 = tanh 𝑐 = coth 𝑑 =

−0.2 0.5 −3 5
Solution:

1.
𝑒 𝑎 − 𝑒 −𝑎 𝟑
sinh 𝑎 + cosh 𝑎 = 𝑒 𝑎 = 𝟐 sinh(3𝑎) + cosh(3𝑎) = 𝑒 3𝑎 = 𝟖 sinh 𝑎 = =
2 𝟒
𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑒 −𝑎 𝟓 𝟓 sinh 𝑎 𝟑
cosh 𝑎 = = cosh(−𝑎) = cosh(𝑎) = tanh 𝑎 = =
2 𝟒 𝟒 cosh 𝑎 𝟓

2. Left without solution

3. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝒙 is symmetric about 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧

4. Match he function with the suitable result

sech 𝑎 = 𝟎. 𝟓 cosh 𝑏 = 𝟓 tanh 𝑐 = −𝟎. 𝟐 coth 𝑑 = −𝟑

−0.2 0.5 −3 5