2008 NP5 Practice Questions
2008 NP5 Practice Questions
Situation 1: Understanding different models of B. “This type of treatment helps you examine
care is a necessary part of the nurse patient how your past life has contributed to your
relationship. problems.”
C. “This type of treatment helps you confront
1. The focus of this therapy is to have a your fears by exposing you to the feared
positive environmental manipulation, physical objects abruptly.”
and social to effect a positive change. D. “This type of treatment will help you relax
A. Milieu and develop new coping skills.”
B. Psychotherapy
C. Behaviour 5. A client state, “I get down on myself when I
D. Group make mistake.” Using Cognitive therapy
approach, the nurse should:
2. The client asks the nurse about the Milieu A. Teach the client relaxation exercise to
therapy. The nurse responds knowing that the diminish stress
primary focus of milieu therapy can be best B. Provide the client with Mastery experience
described by which of the following? to boost self esteem
A. A form of behaviour modification therapy C. Explore the client’s past experiences that
B. A cognitive approach of changing the causes the illness
behaviour D. Help client modify the belief that anything
C. A living learning or working environment less than perfect is horrible.
D. A behavioural approach to changing
behaviour 6. The most advantageous therapy for a
preschool age child with a history of physical
3. A nurse is caring to client with phobia who is and sexual abuse would be:
being treated for the condition. The client is A. Play
introduced to short periods of exposure to the B. Psychoanalysis
phobia object while in relaxed state. The nurse C. Group
understands that this form of behaviour D. Family
modification can be best described as: 7. An 18 year old client is admitted with the
A. Systematic desensitization diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. A cognitive
B. Aversion therapy behavioural approach is used as part of her
C. Self-control therapy treatment plan. The nurse understands that the
D. Operant conditioning purpose of this approach is to:
A. Help the client identify and examine
4. A client with major depression is considering dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
cognitive therapy. The client say to the nurse, B. Emphasize social interaction with clients
“how does this treatment works?” The nurse who withdraw
responds by telling the client that: C. Provide a supportive environment and a
A. “This type of treatment helps you examine therapeutic community
how your thoughts and feelings contribute to D. Examine intrapsychic conflicts and past
your difficulties” events in life
8. The nurse is preparing to provide
reminiscence activity for a group of clients. 14. Which of these nursing actions belong to
Which of the following clients will the nurse the secondary level of preventive intervention?
select for this group? A. Providing mental health consultation to
A. A client who experiences profound health care providers
depression with moderate cognitive impairment B. Providing emergency psychiatric services
B. A catatonic, immobile with moderate C. Being politically active in relation to mental
cognitive impairment health issues
C. An undifferentiated schizophrenic client with D. Providing mental health education to
moderate cognitive impairment members of the community
D. A client with mild depression who exhibits
who demonstrates normal cognition 15. When the nurse identifies a client who has
attempted to commit suicide the nurse should:
9. Which intervention would be typical of a A. call a priest
nurse using cognitive-behavioral approach to a B. Counsel the client
client experiencing stress disorders? C. refer the client to psychiatrist
A. Use of unconditional positive regard D. refer the matter to the police
B. Classical conditioning
C. Analysis of free association Situation 2: Rose seeks psychiatric
D. Examination of negative thought patterns consultation because of intense fear of flying in
an airplane which has greatly affected her
10. Which of the following therapies has been chances of success in her job.
strongly advocated for the treatment of post
traumatic stress disorders? 16. The most common defense mechanism
A. ECT used by phobic client is:
B. Group Therapy A. Supression
C. Hypnotherapy B. Rationalization
D. Psychoanalysis C. Denial
D. Displacement
11. The nurse knows that in group therapy, the
maximum number of members to include is: 17. The goal of the therapy in phobia is:
A. 4 A. Change her lifestyle
B. 8 B. Ignore reaction producing situation
C. 10 C. Change her reaction towards anxiety
D. 16 D. Eliminate fear producing situation
12. The nurse is providing information to a 18. The therapy most effective for clients with
client with the use of disulfiram (antabuse) for phobia is:
the treatment of alcohol abuse. The nurse A. Hypnotherapy
understands that this form of therapy works on B. Group therapy
what principle? C. Cognitive therapy
A. Negative Reinforcement D. Behavior therapy
B. Aversion Therapy
C. Operant Conditioning 19. The fear and anxiety related to phobia is
D. Gestalt therapy said to be abruptly decreased when the patient
exposed to what is feared through:
13. A biological or medical approach in treating A. Guided imagery
psychiatric patient is: B. Systematic desensitization
A. Million therapy C. Flooding
B. Somatic therapy D. Hypotherapy
C. Behavioral therapy
D. Psychotherapy
20. Based on the presence of symptom. The Situation 4: Gringo seeks psychiatric
appropriate nursing diagnosis is: counselling for his ritualistic bahavior of
A. Self esteem disturbance counting his money as many as 10 times
B. Activity intolerance before leaving home.
C. Impaired adjustment
D. Ineffective individual 26. An initial appropriate nursing diagnosis is:
coping A. Impaired social interaction
B. Ineffective individual coping
C. Impaired Adjustment
Situation 3: Mang Jose, 39 year old farmer, D. Anxiety Moderate
unmarried, had been confined in the National
center for mental health for three years with a 27. Obsessive compulsive disorder is BEST
diagnosis of schizophrenia. described by:
A. Uncontrollable impulse to perform an act or
21. The most common defense mechanism ritual repeatedly:
used by a paranoid client is: B. Persistent thoughts
A. Displacement C. Recurring unwanted and disturbing thoughts
B. Suppression alternating with a behaviour.
C. Rationalization D. Pathological persistence of unwilled thought,
D. Projection feeling or impulse
22. When Mang Jose says to you: “The voices 28. The defense mechanism used by persons
are telling me bad things again!” The best with obsessive compulsive disorder is undoing
response is: and it is best described in one of the following
A. “Whose voices are those?” statements:
B. “I doubt what the voices are telling you.” A. Unacceptable feeling or behaviour are kept
C. “I do not hear the voice you say you hear.” out of awareness by developing the opposite
D. “Are you sure you hear these voices?” behaviour or emotion.
B. Consciously unacceptable instinctual drives
23. A relevant nursing diagnosis for clients with are diverted into personally and socially
auditory hallucination is: acceptable channels
A. Sensory perceptual alteration C. Something unacceptable already done is
B. Altered thought process symbolically acted in reverse.
C. Impaired social interaction D. Transfer of emotions associated with a
D. Impaired verbal communications particular person, object or situation to another
less threatening person, object or situation.
24. During mealtime, Jose refused to eat telling
that the food was poisoned. The nurse 29. TO be more effective, the nurse who cares
considers the following except: for persons with obsessive compulsive disorder
A. Ignore his remark must possess one of the following qualities:
B. Offer him food in his own container A. Compassion
C. Show him how irrational his thinking is B. Consistency
D. Respect his refusal to eat. C. Patience
D. Friendliness
25. When communicating with Jose. The nurse 30. Person with OCD usually manifest:
considers the following except: A. Fear
A. Be Warm and enthusiastic B. Apathy
B. Refrain from touching Jose C. Suspiciousness
C. Do not argue regarding his hallucination and D. Anxiety
delusion
D. Use simple, clear language Situation 3: The patient who is depressed will
undergo electroconvulsive therapy.
D. check O2 Sat with a pulse oximeter
31. Studies on biological depression support
electroconvulsive therapy as a mode of Situation 6: Mrs. Ethel Agustin 50 y/o, teacher
treatment. The rationale is: is affected with myasthenia gravis
A. ECT produces massive brain damage
which destroys the specific area containing 36. Looking at Mrs. Agustin, your assessment
memories related to the events surrounding would include the ff except:
the development of psychotic condition A. Nystagmus
B. The treatment serves as a symbolic B. Difficulty of hearing
punishment for the client who feels guilty and C. Weakness of the levator palpebrae
worthless D. Weakness of the ocular muscle
C. ECT relieves depression psychologically by
increasing the norepinephrine level 37. In an effort to combat complications which
D. ECT is seen as a life-threatening might occur relatives should be taught:
experience and depressed patients mobilize all A. Checking cardiac rate
their bodily defenses B. Taking blood pressure reading
to deal with this attack. C. Techniques of oxygen inhalation
D. Administration of oxygen inhalation
32. The preparation of a patient for ECT
ideally is MOST similar to preparation for a 38. The drug of choice for her condition is:
patient for: A. Prostigmine
A. electroencephalogram B. Morphine
B. Xray C. Codeine
C. general anesthesia D. Prednisone
D. electrocardiogram
39. As her nurse, you have be cautious about
33. Which of the following is a possible side administration of medication, if she is
effect which you will discuss with the patient? undermedicated this can cause:
A. hemorrhage within the A. Emotional crisis
brain B. Cholinergic crisis
C. Menopausal crisis
B. robot-like body D. Myasthenia crisis
stiffness
C. encephalitis 40. If you are extra careful and by chance you
D. confusion, disorientation and short term give over medication, this would lead to:
memory loss A. Cholinergic crisis
B. Menopausal crisis
34. Informed consent is necessary for the C. Emotional crisis
treatment for involuntary clients. When this D. Myasthenia crisis
cannot be obtained, permission may be taken
from the: Situation 7: Rosanna 20 y/0 unmarried patient
A. social worker believes that the toilet for the female patient in
B. Doctor contaminated with AIDS virus and refuses to
C. next of kin or guardian use it unless she flushes it three times and
D. chief nurse wipes the seat same number of times with
antiseptic solution.
35. After ECT, the nurse should do this action
before giving the client fluids, food or 41. The fear of using “contaminated” toilet seat
medication: can be attributed to Rosanna’s inability to:
A. assess the gag reflex A. Adjust to a strange environment
B. assess the sensorium B. Express her anxiety
C. next of kin or guardian C. Develop the sense of trust in other person
D. Control unacceptable impulses or feelings D. Displacement
42. Assessment data upon admission help the 47. One morning, Dennis was seen tilting his
nurse to identify this appropriate nursing head as if he was listening to someone. An
diagnosis appropriate nursing intervention would be:
A. Ineffective denial A. Tell him to socialize with other patient to
B. Impaired adjustment diverts his attention
C. Ineffective individual coping B. Involve him in group activities
D. Impaired social interaction C. Address him by name to ask if he is hearing
voices again
43. An effective nursing intervention to help D. Request for an order of antipsychotic
Rosana is: medicine
A. Convincing her to use the toilet after the
nurse has used it first. 48. When he says, “these voices are telling me
B. Explaining to her that AIDS cannot be my wife is going to kill me.” A therapeutic
transmitted by using the toilet communication of the nurse is which one of the
C. Allowing her to flush and clear the toilet seat following:
until she can manage her anxiety A. “I do not hear the voices you say you hear.”
D. Explaining to her how AIDS is transmitted. B. “Are you really sure you heard those
voices?”
44. The goal for treatment for Rosana must be C. “I do not think you heard those voices?”
directed toward helping her to: D. “Whose voices are those?”
A. Walk freely about her past experience
B. Develop trusting relationship with other
C. Gain insight that her behaviour is due to 49. The nurse confirms that Dennis is
feeling of anxiety manifesting auditory hallucination. The
D. Accept the environment unconditionally appropriate nursing diagnosis she identifies is:
A. Sensory perceptual alteration
45. Psychotherapy which is prescribed for B. Self esteem disturbance
Rosana is described as: C. Ineffective individual coping
A. Establishing an environment adapted to an D. Defensive coping
individual patient needs
B. Sustained interaction between the therapist 50. Most appropriate nursing intervention for a
and client to help her develop more functional client with suspicious behaviour is one of the
behaviour following:
C. Using dramatic techniques to portray A. Talk to the client constantly to reinforce
interpersonal conflicts reality
D. Biologic treatment for mental disorder B. Involve him in competitive activities
C. Use of Non Judgemental and Consistent
Situation 8: Dennis 40 y/o married man, an approach
electrical engineer was admitted with the D. Project cheerfulness in interacting with the
diagnosis of paranoid disorders. He has patient
became suspicious and distrustful 2 months
before admission. Upon admission, he kept on
saying, “my wife has been planning to kill me.” 51. The nurse is assigned to care for a recently
admitted client who has attempted suicide.
46. A paranoid individual who ca not accept the What should the nurse do?
guilt demonstrate one of the following defense A. Search the client’s belongings and room
mechanism: carefully for items that could be used to attempt
A. Denial suicide.
B. Projection B. Express trust that the client won’t cause self-
C. Rationalization harm while in the facility.
C. Respect the client’s privacy by not searching 56. The nurse is planning activities for a client
any belongings who has bipolar disorder, which aggressive
D. Remind all staff members to check on the social behaviour. Which of the following
client frequently activities would be most appropriate for this
client?
52. In planning activities for the depressed A. Ping Pong
client, especially during the early stages of B. Linen Delivery
hospitalization, which of the following plan is C. Chess
best? D. Basketball
A. Provide an activity that is quiet and solitary
sesses a toclient
avoidwith
increased
admitted
fatigue
diagnosis
such as
of bipolar
workingaffective
on disorder mania. The symptom
client that
a puzzle
requiresandthe
reading
nurse’s
a book.
immediate intervention is the client’s:
B. Plan nothing until the client asks to A. Outlandish behaviour and inappropriate
participate in the milieu dress
C. Offer the client a menu of daily activities and B. Grandiose delusion of being a royal
ask the client to participate in all of them descendant of King Arthur
D. Provide a structured daily program of C. Nonstop physical activity and poor
activities and encourage the client to nutritional intake
participate D. Constant incessant talking that includes
sexual topic and teasing.
53. A client with a diagnosis of major
depression, recurrent with psychotic features is 58. A nurse is conducting a group therapy
admitted to the mental health unit. To create a session and during the session. A client with
safe environment for the client, the nurse most mania consistently talks and dominates the
importantly devises a plan of care that deals group. The behaviour is disrupting the group
specifically with the clients: interaction. The nurse would initially:
A. Disturbed thought process A. Ask the client to leave the group session.
B. Self Care Deficit B. Tell the client that she will not be allowed to
C. Imbalanced Nutrition attend any more group sessions.
D. Deficient Knowledge C. Tell the client that she needs to allow other
client in a group time to talk.
54. The client is taking a Tricyclic anti D. Ask another nurse to escort the client out of
depressant. Which of the following is an the group session.
example of TCA?
A. Paxil 59. A professional artist is admitted to the
B. Zoloft psychiatric unit for treatment of bipolar
C. Nardil disorder. During the last 2 weeks, the client has
D. Pamelor created 154 paintings, slept only 2 to 3 hours
every 2 days, and lost 18 lb. (8.2 kg). Based on
55. A client visits the physician’s office to seek Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what should the
treatment for depression, feeling of nurse provide this client with first?
hopelessness, poor appetite, insomnia, fatigue, A. The opportunity to explore family dynamics
low self-esteem, poor concentration, and B. Help with re-establishing a normal sleep
difficulty making decisions. The client states pattern.
that these symptoms began at least 2 years C. Experiences that build self-esteem.
ago. Based on this report, the nurse suspects: D. Art materials and equipment.
A. cyclothymic disorder
B. Major depression 60. The physician orders lithium carbonate
C. Bipolar disorder (Lithonate) for a client who’s in the manic
D. Dysthymic disorder phase of bipolar disorder. During lithium
therapy, the nurse should watch for which
adverse reactions?
A. Anxiety, restlessness, and sleep disturbance 65. The nursing management of anxiety related
B. Nausea, diarrhea, tremor, and lethargy with post traumatic stress disorder includes all
C. Constipation, lethargy, and ataxia of the following EXCEPT:
D. Weakness, tremor, and urine retention A. Encourage participation in recreation or
sport activities
Situation 10 – Annie has a morbid fear of B. Reassurance client’s safety while
heights. She asks the nurse what touching client
desensitization therapy is: C. Speak in calm soothing voice
D. Remain with the client while fear level is
61. The accurate information of the nurse the high
goal of desensitization is:
A. To help the clients relax and progressively SITUATION 11: You are fortunate to be chosen
work up a list of anxiety provoking situations as part of the research team in the hospital. A
through imagery review of the following IMPORTANT nursing
B. To provide corrective emotional experiences concepts was made.
through a one-to-one intensive relationship
C. To help clients in a group therapy setting to 66. As a professional, a nurse can do research
take on specific roles and reenact in front of an for varied reason except:
audience, situations in which interpersonal A. Professional advancement through research
conflict is involved. participation
D. To help clients cope with their problems by B. To validate results of new nursing modalities
learning behaviors that we are more functional C. For financial gains
and be better equipped to face reality and D. To improve nursing care
make decisions.
67. Each nurse participants was asked to
62. It is essential in desensitization for the identify a problem. After the identification of the
patient to: research problem, which of the following
A. Have a rapport with therapist should be done?
B. Use deep breathing or another relaxation A. Methodology
technique B. Review of related literature
C. Assess one’s self for the need of C. Acknowledgement
anxiolytic drug D. Formulate hypothesis
D. Work through unresolved
unconsciousness conflicts 68. Which of the following communicate the
results of the research to the readers. They
63. In this level of anxiety, cognitive capacity facilitate the description of the data.
diminishes. Focus becomes limited and client A. Hypothesis
experiences turned vision. Physical signs of B. Statistics
anxiety become more pronounced. C. Research Problem
A. Severe anxiety D. Tables and Graphs
B. Panic
C. Mild anxiety 69. In Quantitative date, which of the following
D. Moderate anxiety is described as the distance in the scoring
unites of the variable from the highest to the
64. Anti-anxiety medication should be used lower?
with extreme caution because long term use A. Frequency
can lead to. B. Mean
A. Parkinsonian like syndrome C. Median
B. Hypertensive crisis D. Range
C. Hepatic failure
D. Risk of addiction 70. This expresses the variability of the data in
reference to the mean. It provides as with a
numerical estimate of how far, on the average element of the population has an equal and
the separate observation are from the mean: independent chance of being chosen is called:
A. Mode A. Cluster
B. Standard deviation B. Simple
C. Median C. Stratified
D. Frequency D. Systematic
Situation 12: Survey and Statistics are 77. An investigator wants to determine some of
important part of research that is necessary to the problems that are experienced by diabetic
explain the characteristics of the population. clients when using an Insulin pump. The
investigation went into a clinic where he
71. According to the WHO statistics on the personally knows several diabetic clients
Homeless population around the world. Which having problem with insulin pump. The type of
of the following groups of people in the world sampling done by the investigator is called:
disproportionately represents the homeless A. Probability
population? B. Purposive
A. Hispanics C. Snowball
B. Asians D. Incidental
C. African Americans
D. Caucasians 78. If the researcher implemented a new
structured counselling program with a
72. All but one of the following is not a measure randomized group of subject and a routine
of Central Tendency? counselling program with another randomized
A. Mode group of subject, the research is utilizing which
B. Variance design?
C. Standard Deviation A. Quasi experimental
D. Range B. Experimental
C. Comparative
73. In the value: 87, 85, 88, 92, 90: What is the D. Methodological
mean?
A. 88.2 79. Which of the following is not rue about a
B. 88.4 Pure Experimental Research?
C. 87 A. There is a control group
D. 90 B. There is an experimental group
C. Selection of subjects in the control group is
74. In the value: 80, 80, 80, 82, 82, 90, 90,100. randomized
What is the mode? D. There is a careful selection of subjects in the
A. 80 experimental group
B. 82
C. 90 80. The researcher implemented a medication
D. 85.5. regimen using a new type of combination of
drugs to manic patients while another group of
75. In the value 80, 80, 10, 10, 25, 65, 100, manic patient receives the routine drugs. The
200: What is the median? researcher however hand picked the
A. 71.25 experimental group for they are the clients with
B. 22.5 multiple episodes of bipolar disorder. The
C. 10 and 25 researcher utilized which research design?
D. 72.5 A. Quasi-experimental
B. Pure experimental
76. Draw Lots, Lottery, Table of random C. Phenomenological
numbers or a sampling that ensures that each D. Longitudinal
Situation 13: As a nurse you are expected to following are essential information about the
participate in initiating or participating in the consent that you should disclose to the
conduct of research students to improve prospective subject except:
nursing practice. You to be updated on the A. Consent to incomplete
latest trends and issues affected the profession B. Description of benefits, risks and
and the best practices arrived at by the discomforts
profession. C. Explaining of procedure
D. Assurance of anonymity and confidentiality
81. You are interested to study the effects of
medication and relaxation on the pain 85. In the hypothesis: “The utilization of
experienced by the cancer patients. What type technology in teaching improves the retention
of variable is pain? and attention of the nursing students.” Which is
A. Dependent the dependent variable?
B. Correlational A. Utilization of technology
C. Independent B. Improvement in the retention and attention
D. Demographic C. Nursing students
D. Teaching
82. You would like to compare the support
system of patient with chronic illness to those Situation 14: You are actively practicing nurse
with acute illness. How will you best state your who has just finished your graduate studies.
problem? You learned the value of research and would
A. A descriptive study to compare the support like to utilize the knowledge and skills gained in
system of patients with chronic illness and the application of research to the nursing
those with acute illness in terms of service. The following questions apply to
demographic data and knowledge research.
B. The effects of the types of support system of
patients with chronic illness and those with 86.Which type of research inquiry investigates
acute illness the issue of human complexity (e.g.
C. A comparative analysis of the support understanding the human expertise)?
system of patients with chronic illness and A. logical
those with acute illness position
D. A study to compare the support system of
patients with chronic illness and those with B. natural
acute illness. inquiry
E. What are the differences of the support
system being received by patient with chronic C. positivism
illness and patients with acute illness? D. quantitative research
83. You would like to compare the support 87. Which of the following studies is based on
system of patients with chronic illness to those quantitative research?
with acute illness. Considering that the A. A study examining the bereavement express
hypothesis was: “Clients with chronic illness in spouse or clients with terminal cancer
have lesser support system than clients with B. A study exploring the factors influencing
acute illness.” What type of research is this? weight control behaviour
A. Descriptive C. A study measuring the effects of sleep
B. Experimental deprivation on patients healing
C. Correlational, Non experimental D. A study examining client’s feeling before,
D. Quasi Experimental during and after bone marrow aspiration.
84. In any research study where individual 88. Which of the following studies is based on
persons are involved, it is important that an the qualitative research?
informed consent of the study is obtained. The
A. A study examining client’s reaction to stress D. Longitudinal
after open heart surgery
B. A study measuring nutrition and weight 93. Community A was selected randomly as
loss/gain in clients with cancer well as community B, nurse Edna conducted
C. A study examining oxygen levels after teaching to Community A and assess if
endotracheal suctioning community A will have a better status than
D. A study measuring differences in blood community B. This is an example of:
pressure before, during and after procedure A. Comparative
B. Correlational
89. An 85 year old client in a nursing home tells C. Experimental
a nurse, “ I signed the papers of that research D. Qualitative
study because the doctor was so insistent and I
want him to continue taking care for me. 94. Ana researched on the development of a
“Which client right is being violated? new way to measure intelligence by creating a
A. Right of self determination 100 item questionnaire that will assess the
B. Right to privacy and confidentiality cognitive skills of an individual. The design best
C. Right to self disclosure suited for this study is:
D. Right not to be harmed A. Historical
B. Methodological
90. A supposition or system of ideas that is C. Survey
proposed to explain a given phenomenon best D. Case study
defines:
A. Paradigm 95. Gen is conducting a research study on how
B. Concept mark, an AIDS client lives his life. A design
C. A theory suited for this is:
D. A conceptual framework A. Historical
B. Case Study
Situation 15: Mastery of research design C. Phenomenological
determination is essential in passing the NLE. D. Ethnographic
91. Ana wants to know if the of time she will 96. Marco is to perform a study about how
study for the board examination is proportional nurses perform surgical asepsis during World
to her board rating. During the June 2008 War II. A design for this study is:
board examination. She studied for 6 months A. Historical
and gained 60%. On the next board exam, she B. Case Study
studied for 6 months again for a total of 1 year C. Phenomenological
and gained 74%. On t third board exam, She D. Ethnographic
studied for 6 months for a total of 1 and a half
year and gained 82%. The research she used 97. Tonyo conducts sampling at barangay 412.
is: He collected 100 random individuals and
A. Comparative determine who is their favourite comedian
B. Correlational actor. 50% said Dolphy, 20% said Vic Sotto,
C. Experimental while some answered Joey de Leon, Allan K,
D. Qualitative Michael V. Tonyo conducted what type of
researched study?
92. Anton was always eating high fat diet. You A. Methodological
want to determine if what will be the effect of B. Case Study
high cholesterol food to Anton in the next 10 C. Non experimental
years. You will use: D. Survey
A. Comparative
B. Correlational 98. June visited a tribe located somewhere in
C. Historical China, it is called the Shin Jea tribe. She
studied the way of life, tradition and the societal
structure of these people. Jane will best use
which research design?
A. Historical
B. Case Study
C. Phenomenological
D. Ethnographic
A. 1, 4
B. 2, 5
C. 3,6
D. 1, 5
E. 2, 4