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The document contains two C programs: the first demonstrates the use of the nice() system call to assign higher priority to a child process created with fork(), while the second implements a toy shell that executes commands and interprets specific 'list' commands to manage directory contents. The toy shell provides functionalities to list files, count entries, and display file inodes in a specified directory. Both programs utilize standard libraries for process management and directory operations.

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14 views3 pages

Slip - 4...............

The document contains two C programs: the first demonstrates the use of the nice() system call to assign higher priority to a child process created with fork(), while the second implements a toy shell that executes commands and interprets specific 'list' commands to manage directory contents. The toy shell provides functionalities to list files, count entries, and display file inodes in a specified directory. Both programs utilize standard libraries for process management and directory operations.

Uploaded by

j03410581
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Write a program that demonstrates the use of nice() system call.

After a child process is started using fork(), assign higher priority to


the child using nice() system call.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid;
int nice_value = -10; // Higher priority value

pid = fork();

if (pid < 0) {
// Fork failed
perror("Fork failed");
return 1;
} else if (pid == 0) {
// Child process
printf("Child process (PID: %d) before nice():\n", getpid());
printf("Current nice value: %d\n", nice(0));

// Set higher priority (lower nice value)


if (nice(nice_value) == -1) {
perror("nice failed");
exit(1);
}

printf("Child process (PID: %d) after nice():\n", getpid());


printf("New nice value: %d\n", nice(0));
// Simulate work
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Child is running... (%d)\n", i);
sleep(1);
}
} else {
// Parent process
wait(NULL); // Wait for the child process to finish
printf("Parent process (PID: %d) finished waiting for child.\n", getpid());
}

return 0;
}

Write a program to implement a toy shell (Command Interpreter). It has its own prompt say “MyShell $”. Any normal shell command
is executed from this shell (MyShell$) by starting a child process to execute the system program corresponding to the command. It
should additionally interpret the following commands:
list f dirname : To print names of all the files in current directory
list n dirname : To print the number of all entries in the current directory.
list i dirname : To print names and inodes of the files in the current directory.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <wait.h>

#define MAX_INPUT_SIZE 1024


#define MAX_ARG_SIZE 100

// Function to list files in a directory


void list_files(const char *dirname) {
DIR *dir = opendir(dirname);
struct dirent *entry;

if (dir == NULL) {
perror("opendir");
return;
}

while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {


// Skip the "." and ".." entries
if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") != 0 && strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") != 0) {
printf("%s\n", entry->d_name);
}
}
closedir(dir);
}

// Function to count entries in a directory


void list_count(const char *dirname) {
DIR *dir = opendir(dirname);
struct dirent *entry;
int count = 0;

if (dir == NULL) {
perror("opendir");
return;
}

while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {


count++;
}
closedir(dir);

// Subtract 2 for "." and ".."


printf("%d\n", count - 2);
}

// Function to list files with their inodes


void list_inodes(const char *dirname) {
DIR *dir = opendir(dirname);
struct dirent *entry;
struct stat fileStat;

if (dir == NULL) {
perror("opendir");
return;
}

while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {


if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") != 0 && strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") != 0) {
char path[MAX_INPUT_SIZE];
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dirname, entry->d_name);
if (stat(path, &fileStat) == 0) {
printf("%s - Inode: %lu\n", entry->d_name, fileStat.st_ino);
} else {
perror("stat");
}
}
}
closedir(dir);
}

// Function to execute normal shell commands


void execute_command(char *input) {
char *args[MAX_ARG_SIZE];
char *token;
int i = 0;

token = strtok(input, " \n");


while (token != NULL && i < MAX_ARG_SIZE - 1) {
args[i++] = token;
token = strtok(NULL, " \n");
}
args[i] = NULL;

if (fork() == 0) {
// Child process
if (execvp(args[0], args) == -1) {
perror("execvp");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
} else {
// Parent process
wait(NULL);
}
}

int main() {
char input[MAX_INPUT_SIZE];

while (1) {
printf("MyShell $ ");
if (fgets(input, sizeof(input), stdin) == NULL) {
break; // Exit on EOF
}

// Check for exit command


if (strncmp(input, "exit", 4) == 0 || strncmp(input, "quit", 4) == 0) {
break;
}

// Parse the input for "list" commands


char command[MAX_INPUT_SIZE];
sscanf(input, "%s", command);

if (strcmp(command, "list") == 0) {
char option[2];
char dirname[MAX_INPUT_SIZE];
sscanf(input, "%s %s %s", command, option, dirname);

if (strcmp(option, "f") == 0) {
list_files(dirname);
} else if (strcmp(option, "n") == 0) {
list_count(dirname);
} else if (strcmp(option, "i") == 0) {
list_inodes(dirname);
} else {
printf("Invalid option. Use 'f', 'n', or 'i'.\n");
}
} else {
// Execute normal command
execute_command(input);
}
}

return 0;
}

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