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W LinkersForWRITING

The document provides a comprehensive guide on using linkers to show contrast and unexpected results in writing. It includes examples, structures, and practice exercises for various linkers such as 'even though', 'although', 'despite', and 'nevertheless'. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of linkers for creating cohesion in written text.

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13 views6 pages

W LinkersForWRITING

The document provides a comprehensive guide on using linkers to show contrast and unexpected results in writing. It includes examples, structures, and practice exercises for various linkers such as 'even though', 'although', 'despite', and 'nevertheless'. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of linkers for creating cohesion in written text.

Uploaded by

llucruicap142
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINKERS PRACTICE FOR WRITING

SHOWING CONTRAST (UNEXPECTED RESULTS)

All of these sentences have basically the same meaning.

Linker Example Structure after expression

EVEN THOUGH Even though it was raining, I went subject + verb


swimming.
ALTHOUGH Although it was raining, I went swimming.
Though it was raining, I went swimming.
THOUGH*
*though is considered a bit less formal

DESPITE I went swimming despite the rain. + noun / pronoun


IN SPITE OF /this/that/what / or gerund
I went swimming in spite of the rain. (-ing)
DESPITE THE FACT
THAT… I went swimming despite / in spite of the
fact that it was raining.
IN SPITE OF THE
FACT THAT….

NEVERTHELESS It was raining. Nevertheless, we still went Introduces a sentence with


swimming. an unexpected result.
NONETHELESS
It was raining. Nonetheless, we still went
HOWEVER…STILL swimming.

It was raining. However, we still went


swimming.
PRACTICING LINKING DEVICES (adverb clauses & prepositions)

Remember the structures!

EVEN THOUGH / THOUGH / ALTHOUGH  subject + verb

IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE  a noun or noun phrase


a gerund
the fact that + subject + verb

A. Re-write the sentences to have the same meaning.

He didn’t study. He passed all his exams.

1. EVEN THOUGH:

2. IN SPITE OF:

3. THOUGH:

4. DESPITE:

5. ALTHOUGH:

Re-write the sentences using the word in capital letters.

1. I had a big breakfast but I was still hungry. EVEN THOUGH

2. He refused to sleep although he was tired. DESPITE

3. Even though he had never studied German, he was accepted to the program. ALTHOUGH

4. Although she worked at the university, her salary was very low. IN SPITE OF

5. She was exhausted. She went out with her friends. THOUGH
LINKERS are vital to create cohesion in writing. There are many types of linkers:

 Addition (moreover, furthermore);


 Giving an example (for instance, for example);
 Result (As a result, consequently);
 Cause (Due to, because of);
 Contrast (although, despite).
 Most mistakes in use are with linkers of contrast and cause.

Contrast (unexpected results)

Linkers of contrast can be used to express unexpected information in one sentence or between
two sentences.

Linkers of contrast in one sentence Linkers of contrast over two sentences

Although (+ subject and verb) However,

Even though (+ subject and verb) Nevertheless,


Even so,
Despite (+ noun clause, gerund, this or that)
On the other hand,
In spite of (+ noun clause, gerund, this or that)
In contrast,
Whereas (+ subject and verb)
These are all at the beginning of the sentence
and followed by a comma.

Examples: Examples:

Although it was raining, we went out. Television is very informative. On the other
Even though she was tired, she offered to help hand, there are lots of terrible programs.
him.
It was raining heavily. Nevertheless, he
We went out despite the rain. decided to go out.
In spite of being tired, she offered to help.
Despite that, they decided to get married. John likes the sea best. In contrast, Jane
prefers the mountains.
Whereas John likes the sea, Jane prefers the
mountains.
CAUSE

Due to (+ noun or noun clause) They stayed in due to the cold weather.
Owing to (+ noun or noun clause) They arrived late because of the train strike.
Because of (+ noun or noun clause) The match was cancelled as a result of the
As a result of (+ noun or noun clause) violence.

They stayed in because it was cold.


Don’t confuse with: Because / Since / As (+ Since they didn’t know anybody, they left.
subject and verb)

A. Which of the two options is correct?


1. In spite of / although we told her not to go to the meeting, she went.
2. Despite / even though the bad traffic, we managed to get there on time.
3. Cars are convenient and allow you to be flexible. On the other hand / Due to, they cause a
lot of pollution.
4. In spite of the fact that / Despite losing 0-2 at half time, Barça managed to win 3-2.
5. Even though / However it was 11.00 pm, they still served us dinner.
6. The street was dark and nobody was around. Nevertheless / On the other hand, she wasn’t
afraid.
7. The trip was cancelled due to / because it was snowing.
8. The company has increased its sales by 200% this year and has won several industry
awards. On the other hand / Moreover, it intends to open three new offices in India and
Australia.
9. They were depressed because of / because they failed their exams.
10. They were depressed because of / because their failing exam grades.

B. Transform the sentences below using the word in bold.

1. Although he was older, he could run faster. Despite


______________________________________________________.
2. They didn’t go out because it was snowing. Due to
______________________________________________________.
3. It was very late so they told their children to go to bed. As
______________________________________________________.
4. In spite of the fact that they were rich, they weren’t very generous. Although
______________________________________________________.
5. It was cold. They went on a hike. Even so
______________________________________________________.
C. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate linker.
1. They couldn’t see well _____________ the fog.

2. She decided to go to the movie _____________ she had read the book and liked it.

3. _____________ being exhausted, they stayed at work to finish the project.

4. I don’t like his political views at all. ____________, he has the right to express them.

5. Montse won the race _____________ that she wasn’t feeling her best.

6. Jane is mad about Justin Timberlake ____________ her older sister prefers REM.

7. He kept on reading _____________ having a headache.

8. I didn’t like her brother at first. _____________, I later started to like him.

9. People like Pere _____________ his intelligence and wit.

10. People like John _____________ he is intelligent and witty.


KEY:

Practicing linking devices


A.
1. Even thougºh he didn’t study, he passed all his exams.
2. In spite of not studying, he passed all this exams. / In spite of the fact that he did not study, he
passed all this exams.
3. Though he didn’t study, he passed all this exams.
4. Despite not studying, he passed all his exams.
5. Although he didn’t study, he passed all this exams.

B.
1. Even though I had a big breakfast, I was still hungry.
2. Despite being tired, he refused to sleep.
3. He was accepted to the program although he had never studied German.
4. Although she worked at the university, her salary was very low.
5. Though she was exhausted, she went out with her friends.

Linkers practice for writing


A.
1. Although 2. despite 3. On the other hand 4. despite 5. even though 6. nevertheless 7. because 8.
moreover 9. because 10. because of

B.
1. Despite being older, he could run faster.
2. Due to the snow, they didn’t go out.
3. As it was very late, they told their….
4. Although they were very rich, they weren’t very generous.
5. They went on a hike in spite of the cold.

C.
1. because of / due to 2. even though / although 3. despite / in spite of 4. However / Even so /
Nevertheless 5. even though / although 6. whereas 7. despite / in spite of 8. However 9. due to /
because of 10. because

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