VTAMPS 17 P1 Set 5

Logical Thinking
1. If 10 days later will be Thursday, which day
of the week is today?
2. According to the pattern shown below,
what should be the English letter filled in
the space provided?
B, E, H, K, ___
3. Lisa is 12 years old now, and Tom was 10
years old 10 years ago. What is the sum of
their ages this year?
4. David is playing a counting game. He
counts forward from 1, and when he counts
an even number or a number that has the
digit 5, he jumps. What will be the next
number counted right after he has jumped
12 times?
5. There are 45 students in a line, including
Sarah. There are 18 students standing in
front of Sarah. How many students are
standing behind her?
Arithmetic
6. If B is a 1-digit number, what is the value of
B if the equation below is correct?
𝐵 + 𝐵 + 𝐵 + 7 = 25
7. Which number should be filled in the box
below if the equation below is correct?
45 − ____ = 5 × 8
8. Find the value of 25 − 18 + 42.
9. Find the value of 15 + 26 + 49 + 38 +
64 + 27.
10. Find the value of 15 − 19 + 23 − 27 +
31 − 35 + 39 − 43 + 47.

Number Theory
11. Alice has 24 marbles, and Bob has 45
marbles. If Charlie has more marbles than
Alice but fewer than Bob, and the total
number of marbles the three people have is
an odd number, how many different
possible values can the number of marbles
Charlie has?
12. Fill in the blanks with + and - to make the
equation below correct. (Write down the
complete equation in the answer sheet.)
36 ___ 18 ___ 5 ___ 10 = 13
 13. For positive integer B, determine whether
the result of 𝐵 + 2𝐵 − 4 + 2𝐵 + 10 − 𝐵 +
6 is an odd or even number.
14. Which of the following even numbers is the
smallest?
81, 14, 53, 2, 26, 89, 65
15. The numbers below form an arithmetic
sequence. What is the 11th term in the
sequence?
150, 145, 140, 135, 130
Geometry
16. According to the pattern shown below,
what is the figure in the space provided?

,____,…
17. How many dot(s) is/are there in the figure
below?

18. Cubes of the same size and shape are

stacked together as shown in the figure
below. At least how many square face(s) of
 the cubes can be seen if observing from
above?

19. It is shown that Figure 1 is formed using 8

cubes. How many cubes are there in Figure
2?

Figure 1 Figure 2
20. Refer to the figure below, how many
square(s) is/are there?
Combinatorics
21. Which number below is the largest?
842356, 9371, 58923456, 47129
22. Emma has 4 $8 coins. At most, how many
$5 coin(s) can she exchange these coins
for?
23. Among the values of the following
expressions, how many 2-digit number(s)
are there?
10 + 5, 14 − 3, 7 + 12, 22 − 8, 35
− 20, 50 − 49, 9 + 11
24. How many 2-digit numbers are there
whose units digit is smaller than 5?
25. If we choose 4 different numbers from 1, 3,
5, 6, and 9 to form two 2-digit numbers,
what is the smallest possible value of their
sum?
 ANSWER KEY

Logical Thinking
1. If 10 days later will be Thursday, which day
of the week is today?
Answer: Monday
Solution:
A week has 7 days.
After 7 days, the day will be the same:
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦 + 7 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 = 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦
The remaining 3 days take you back to
Monday.
2. According to the pattern shown below,
what should be the English letter filled in
the space provided?
B, E, H, K, ___
Answer: N
Solution:
The position of each letter in the alphabet,
B=2
E=5
H=8
K = 11
To find the next letter, add 3 to the position
of K (11):
11 + 3 = 14
The 14th letter in the alphabet is N.
3. Lisa is 12 years old now, and Tom was 10
years old 10 years ago. What is the sum of
their ages this year?
Answer: 32
Solution:
If Tom was 10 years old 10 years ago, then
he is now:
10 + 10 = 20 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑
The sum of their ages is:
12 + 20 = 32
4. David is playing a counting game. He
counts forward from 1, and when he counts
an even number or a number that has the
digit 5, he jumps. What will be the next
number counted right after he has jumped
12 times?
Answer: 21
Solution:
David jumps when he counts an even
number (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ...) or a number that
has the digit 5 (5, 15, 25, ...).
1 No
2 Yes
3 No
4 Yes
5 Yes
 6 Yes
7 No
8 Yes
9 No
10 Yes
11 No
12 Yes
13 No
14 Yes
15 Yes
16 Yes
17 No
18 Yes
19 No
20 Yes
So, the next number counted right after he
has jumped 12 times is 21.
5. There are 45 students in a line, including
Sarah. There are 18 students standing in
front of Sarah. How many students are
standing behind her?
Answer: 26
Solution:
 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑎𝑟𝑎ℎ
= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
− 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑟𝑎ℎ

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑎𝑟𝑎ℎ =

45 − 19 = 26

Arithmetic
6. If B is a 1-digit number, what is the value of
B if the equation below is correct?
𝐵 + 𝐵 + 𝐵 + 7 = 25
Answer: 6
Solution:
3𝐵 + 7 = 25
3𝐵 = 25 − 7
3𝐵 = 18
18
𝐵=
3
𝐵=6
7. Which number should be filled in the box
below if the equation below is correct?
45 − ____ = 5 × 8
Answer: 5
Solution:
45 − ____ = 40
45 − 40 = _____
45 − 40 = 5
 8. Find the value of 25 − 18 + 42.
Answer: 49
Solution:
(25 − 18) + 42
7 + 42 = 49
9. Find the value of 15 + 26 + 49 + 38 +
64 + 27.
Answer: 219
Solution:
(15 + 26) + (49 + 38) + (64 + 27)
41 + 87 + 91 = 219
10. Find the value of 15 − 19 + 23 − 27 +
31 − 35 + 39 − 43 + 47.
Answer: 31
Solution:
(15 + 23 + 31 + 39 + 47)
− (19 + 27 + 35 + 43)
155 − 124 = 31

Number Theory
11. Alice has 24 marbles, and Bob has 45
marbles. If Charlie has more marbles than
Alice but fewer than Bob, and the total
number of marbles the three people have is
an odd number, how many different
 possible values can the number of marbles
Charlie has?
Answer: 10
Solution:
Bob>Charlie>Alice
45>___>24
First,
45 + 24 = 69
Total marbles should be and odd number.
To get an odd number, Charlie’s marbles
should also be an even number. Hence,
45>26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44>24
A total of 10 possible numbers.
12. Fill in the blanks with + and - to make the
equation below correct. (Write down the
complete equation in the answer sheet.)
36 ___ 18 ___ 5 ___ 10 = 13
Answer: 36 − 18 + 5 − 10 = 13
Solution:
Guess and check,
36 − 18 + 5 − 10
18 + 5 − 10
23 − 10 = 13
13. For positive integer B, determine whether
the result of 𝐵 + 2𝐵 − 4 + 2𝐵 + 10 − 𝐵 +
6 is an odd or even number.
Answer: Even
 Solution:
𝐵 + 2𝐵 − 4 + 2𝐵 + 10 − 𝐵 + 6
Combine like terms,
𝐵 + 2𝐵 + 2𝐵 − 𝐵 = 4𝐵
10 + 6 − 4 = 12
Therefore,
4𝐵 + 12
Any number multiplied to 4 will be an even
number.
𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛 + 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛 results in an even number.
14. Which of the following even numbers is the
smallest?
81, 14, 53, 2, 26, 89, 65
Answer: 2
Solution:
2<14<26
15. The numbers below form an arithmetic
sequence. What is the 11th term in the
sequence?
150, 145, 140, 135, 130
Answer: 100
Solution:
The difference between numbers is 5.
Getting the 11th term,
150 − (10 × 5)
150 − 50 = 100
Geometry
16. According to the pattern shown below,
what is the figure in the space provided?

,____,…
Answer: Rectangle
Solution:
The pattern goes,
Hexagon, Octagon, Triangle, Rectangle,
Triangle, …
Therefore, next to the octagon, triangle is a
rectangle.
17. How many dot(s) is/are there in the figure
below?

Answer: 64
Solution:
 8 × 8 = 64
18. Cubes of the same size and shape are
stacked together as shown in the figure
below. At least how many square face(s) of
the cubes can be seen if observing from
above?

Answer: 5
Solution:
From the top view,

19. It is shown that Figure 1 is formed using 8

cubes. How many cubes are there in Figure
2?
 Figure 1 Figure 2
Answer: 24
Solution:
8 × 3 = 24
20. Refer to the figure below, how many
square(s) is/are there?

Answer: 14
Solution:
1x1: 13
3x3: 1
13 + 1 = 14

Combinatorics
21. Which number below is the largest?
842356, 9371, 58923456, 47129
Answer: 58923456
Solution:
9,371<47,129<842,356<58,923,456,
22. Emma has 4 $8 coins. At most, how many
$5 coin(s) can she exchange these coins
for?
Answer: 6
Solution:
Emma has,
4 × 8 = 32 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠
Then,
32 ÷ 5 = 6, 𝑟2
23. Among the values of the following
expressions, how many 2-digit number(s)
are there?
10 + 5, 14 − 3, 7 + 12, 22 − 8, 35
− 20, 50 − 49, 9 + 11
Answer: 6
Solution:
10 + 5 = 15
14 − 3 = 11
7 + 12 = 19
22 − 8 = 14
35 − 20 = 15
50 − 49 = 1
9 + 11 = 20
All are two-digit numbers except for 1.
24. How many 2-digit numbers are there
whose units digit is smaller than 5?
 Answer: 45
Solution:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑤𝑜 − 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
= (𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡)
× (𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡)

The tens digit for a two-digit number can

range from 1 to 9 (since 0 would not make
it a two-digit number). This gives us 9
possible choices for the tens digit.

The units digits that are smaller than 5 are:

0, 1, 2, 3, 4. This gives us 5 possible choices
for the units digit.
Hence,
9 × 5 = 45
25. If we choose 4 different numbers from 1, 3,
5, 6, and 9 to form two 2-digit numbers,
what is the smallest possible value of their
sum?
Answer: 51
Solution:
Start with the smallest numbers since it is
asking for the smallest possible value of
their sum,
13, 56
13 + 56 = 69
15, 36
15 + 36 = 51
51 < 69