VTAMPS 17.

0
Kindergarten Set 3

Logical Thinking
1. According to the pattern shown below, what
letter from the English Alphabet should be written
in the blank?
𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾___𝑋𝐴𝐹 …

2. According to the pattern shown below, what

letter from the English Alphabet should be written
in the blank?
𝐶 ` 𝐹 ` 𝐼 ` 𝐿 ` 𝑂 ` 𝑅 ` 𝑈 ` ___ ` …

3. Arkin was 3 years old two years ago while

Athenna will be 10 years old next year. What is the
difference between Arkin’s and Athenna’s age?
4. The password of "HRM" is "KUP." Using the
same password system, what should the password
of "DFJ" be?

5. According to the pattern shown below, what

number should be written in the blank?
3 ` 4 ` 6 ` 9 ` 13 ` ___ ` …

Arithmetic
6. Find the value of 42 − 16 − 3 − 4.

7. If 𝐻 is a 2-digit number, what is the value of 𝐻 if

the equation below is correct?

8. Find the value of 4 + 9 + 2 + 1 + 6 + 8 + 3.

9. Refer to the following subtraction algorithm.

Find the value of the 1-digit number A.
10. Find the value of 2 + 1 − 5 + 7 − 4 + 12.

Number Theory
11. According to the pattern below, what number
should fill in the blank?
8 ` 11 ` 13 ` 16 ` 18 ` ___ ` …

12. Fill in the blanks with ‘+’ and ‘−’ to make the
equation below correct. (Write down the complete
equation on the answer sheet)
15___7___11___9 = 24

13. Bella has 28 cards and Kendra has 12 cards.

How many card(s) should Bella give Kendra so
that they will have the same number of cards?

14. A tiger has 4 legs. How many legs in total do 8

tigers have?

15. A large pencil case has 14 pencils. A small

pencil case has 6 pencils. How many pencil(s) do 2
large pencil cases and 3 small pencil cases
contain?

Geometry
16. How many triangle(s) is/are there in the figure
below?

17. How many square(s) is/are in the figure

below?
18. Cubes of the same size and shape are placed as
shown in the figure below. At least how many
cube(s) is/are there?

19. According to the pattern shown below, how

many “>” is/are there in the 5th group?

20. How many side(s) is/are in the figure below?

 Combinatorics
21. If we equally distribute 28 apples into 4
different boxes, how many apples should there be
in each box?

22. What is the largest 3-digit number that can be

formed from digits 8, 1, 5, and 0 such that no digit
is used more than once?

23. Peter has 7 $1 coins, 8 $2 coins, and 4 $5 coins.

At most how many $20 bills can he exchange these
coins for?

24. Among the values of the following expressions,

what is the difference between the minimum even
number and the maximum odd number?
4 + 2 , 7 − 3 , 8 + 9 , 15 − 7 , 3 + 12 , 21 − 2

25. Find the smallest possible sum of a 2-digit odd

number and a 2-digit even number?
 ANSWER KEY
Logical Thinking
1. According to the pattern shown below, what
letter from the English Alphabet should be written
in the blank?
𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋𝐴𝐹𝐾___𝑋𝐴𝐹 …

Answer: P
Solution:
The pattern above shows letters 𝐴𝐹𝐾𝑃𝑋 being
repeated, in that order, again and again. Given this,
the letter in the blank should be P.

2. According to the pattern shown below, what

letter from the English Alphabet should be written
in the blank?
𝐶 ` 𝐹 ` 𝐼 ` 𝐿 ` 𝑂 ` 𝑅 ` 𝑈 ` ___ ` …

Answer: X
Solution:
From above, we can see that between each term, 2
letter are skipped, such as the following:
 CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWX
Hence, next letter after U is X.

3. Arkin was 3 years old two years ago while

Athenna will be 10 years old next year. What is the
difference between Arkin’s and Athenna’s age?

Answer: 4
Solution:
𝐴𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑤 = 3 + 2 = 5
𝐴𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑤 = 10 − 1 = 9
𝐴𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 9 − 5 = 4

4. The password of "HRM" is "KUP." Using the

same password system, what should the password
of "DFJ" be?

Answer: GIM
Solution:
To get how the password system works, assign the
letters to its numerical counterparts:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

From this we can see that actual letters are

converted to passwords by shifting them 3 letters.
H(8) to K(11): Shift +3
R(18) to U(21): Shift +3
M(13) to P(16): Shift +3

Now that we know this, we can convert

D(4) to G(7)
F(6) to I(9)
J(10) to M(13)

Therefore, the password is GIM.

5. According to the pattern shown below, what

number should be written in the blank?
3 ` 4 ` 6 ` 9 ` 13 ` ___ ` …

Answer: 18
Solution:
1st term: 3
2nd term: 3 + 1 = 4
3rd term: 4 + 2 = 6
4th term: 6 + 3 = 9
5th term: 9 + 4 = 13
6th term: 13 + 5 = 18

Arithmetic
6. Find the value of 42 − 16 − 3 − 4.

Answer: 19
Solution:
42 − 16 = 26
26 − 3 = 23
23 − 4 = 19

7. If 𝐻 is a 2-digit number, what is the value of 𝐻 if

the equation below is correct?
Answer: 16
Solution:
38 + 𝐻 = 54
𝐻 = 54 − 38
𝐻 = 16

8. Find the value of 4 + 9 + 2 + 1 + 6 + 8 + 3.

Answer: 33
Solution:
Pair up the numbers so that the sum of each pair
is 10. Given this we have,
( 4 + 6) + ( 9 + 1) + ( 2 + 8) + 3
= 10 + 10 + 10 + 3
= 33

9. Refer to the following subtraction algorithm.

Find the value of the 1-digit number A.
Answer: 9
Solution:
36 − 1𝐴 = 17
36 − 17 = 1𝐴
19 = 1𝐴

Therefore A = 9. Checking, we have 36 − 19 = 17.

10. Find the value of 2 + 1 − 5 + 7 − 4 + 12.

Answer: 13
Solution:
Get the sum of all the numbers with “+” first,
before doing all the subtraction.
(2 + 1 + 7 + 12) − 5 − 4
= 22 − 5 − 4
= 13
 Number Theory
11. According to the pattern below, what number
should fill in the blank?
8 ` 11 ` 13 ` 16 ` 18 ` ___ ` …

Answer: 21
Solution:
1st term: 8
2nd term: 8 + 3 = 11
3rd term: 11 + 2 = 13
4th term: 13 + 3 = 16
5th term: 16 + 2 = 18

From this, we can see that the difference of each

term alternates between 3 and 2. Given that the
last difference was +2, the next term should be
+3.
18 + 3 = 21

12. Fill in the blanks with ‘+’ and ‘−’ to make the
equation below correct. (Write down the complete
equation on the answer sheet)
 15___7___11___9 = 24

Answer: 15 + 7 + 11 − 9 = 24
Solution:
15 + 7 + 11 + 9 = 42
42 − 24 = 18
9 + 9 = 18

Hence, correct equation would be,

15 + 7 + 11 − 9 = 24

13. Bella has 28 cards and Kendra has 12 cards.

How many card(s) should Bella give Kendra so
that they will have the same number of cards?

Answer: 8
Solution:
Find out the difference between Bella and
Kendra’s cards. That is,
28 − 12 = 16
This means we need to distribute 16 cards
between them equally.
8 + 8 = 16

Hence, Bella needs to give Kendra 8 cards.

Checking we have,
𝐵𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎′ 𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 28 − 8 = 20
𝐾𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑎′ 𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 12 + 8 = 20

Therefore, our answer is correct.

14. A tiger has 4 legs. How many legs in total do 8

tigers have?

Answer: 32
Solution:
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 32

15. A large pencil case has 14 pencils. A small

pencil case has 6 pencils. How many pencil(s) do 2
large pencil cases and 3 small pencil cases
contain?

Answer: 46
Solution:
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 14 + 14 + 6 + 6 + 6
= 28 + 18
= 46

Geometry
16. How many triangle(s) is/are there in the figure
below?

Answer: 4
Solution:
Counting manually, we have 4 triangles.
17. How many square(s) is/are in the figure
below?

Answer: 13
Solution:
Counting manually, we have:
1 × 1 squares: 11
2 × 2 squares: 2

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 11 + 2 = 13
18. Cubes of the same size and shape are placed as
shown in the figure below. At least how many
cube(s) is/are there?

Answer: 17
Solution:
Counting manually, we have 17.

15 + 2(𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10) = 17

19. According to the pattern shown below, how
many “>” is/are there in the 5th group?

Answer: 9
Solution:
As seen above, the symbol only occupies the
bottom row and the right-most column. With this,
the 5th group would have 9 “>”.
20. How many side(s) is/are in the figure below?

Answer: 24
Solution:
The whole figure is made up of 4 of these:

Which has 6 sides. Therefore, the figure above has,

6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

Combinatorics
21. If we equally distribute 28 apples into 4
different boxes, how many apples should there be
in each box?

Answer: 7
Solution:
The question is, how many 4’s are there in 28.
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 28

From this we can see, there are 7. Suppose we put

1 in Box A, then Box B, then Box C, then lastly on
Box D, we would be doing all of the 4 boxes, 7
times. This would result to each of the boxes
having 7 apples each.

22. What is the largest 3-digit number that can be

formed from digits 8, 1, 5, and 0 such that no digit
is used more than once?

Answer: 851
Solution:
To form the largest 3-digit numbers, we put the
largest to smallest digits to the largest to smallest
place values. Given this, we have 851.

23. Peter has 7 $1 coins, 8 $2 coins, and 4 $5 coins.

At most how many $20 bills can he exchange these
coins for?
Answer: 2
Solution:
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑦
= (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) + (2 + 2
+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2) + (5 + 5 + 5
+ 5)
= 7 + 16 + 20
= $43

$43 − $20 = $23

$23 − $20 = $3

Therefore, Peter can only get 2 $20 bills.

24. Among the values of the following expressions,

what is the difference between the minimum even
number and the maximum odd number?
4 + 2 , 7 − 3 , 8 + 9 , 15 − 7 , 3 + 12 , 21 − 2

Answer: 15
Solution:
 4+2=6
7−3=4
8 + 9 = 17
15 − 7 = 8
3 + 12 = 15
21 − 2 = 19

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛: 4
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑑𝑑: 19
19 − 4 = 15

25. Find the smallest possible sum of a 2-digit odd

number and a 2-digit even number?

Answer: 21
Solution:
To get the smallest possible sum, we need the
smallest numbers.
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 2 − 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑑𝑑: 11
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 2 − 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛: 10
11 + 10 = 21