CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Voting is a process by which a person or a group of people expresses an opinion formally or

officially. Although people vote in many situations (such as when students elect class officers at
school), voting usually refers to the act of citizens choosing candidates for public office or
deciding on public issues and laws.
Long ago, the voting system of FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC OFFA (FEDPOFFA) is based on
traditional paper ballots. Polling booth will be made available for each faculty in the school
where student of each department of that faculty can cast their vote. Members of inaugurated
electoral committee will be present at each polling booth to supervise and coordinate the voting
process.
The materials present at each polling booth, are empty ballot boxes where voter will cast their
vote, a ballot paper which contains all the candidates name, pictures and empty box drawn
besides each of them where voter will tick to indicate their choice and a marker to change voters
status by marking the thumb of their finger. The voting process is in this wise, all voters are to
visit the polling booth of the faculty where there department belongs to.
The inaugurated electoral committees present at the polling booth are to coordinate voters.
Firstly, they have to check the eligibility of voter by prompting him/her to provide his/her school
identity card. Secondly, they have to check the thumb of the voter’s finger if there is ink there to
know the voting status of the voter so to know if he/she can proceed. If the voter failed to pass all
these checks he/she will not be allowed to go further else he/she can advance to go and pick a
ballot paper which contains all the candidates names, pictures and empty square box where
he/she will tick (the voter will tick only inside the empty box beside the choice of his/her
candidate name/picture) any ticking linking two empty boxes or unclear ticking will be counted
as invalid vote.
At the end of the voting process, the ballot papers for each candidate is counted by electoral
committee member immediately at each polling booth(each faculty) and the winner at each
polling booth will be announced immediately after the counts. Then the ballot boxes at each
polling booth will be transported to electoral committee office.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This project research is carried out to design and build an Electronic Voting system that will aid
the school in its general election and also reduce the stress that the election staffs pass through so
also with the student. This system will be build taking into consideration the existing voting
system in order to design, build and develop a computer program which will allow for voters to
vote their candidate of choice easily. This system will be help to reduce the manual and time
consuming existing voting system in the institution. The Federal Polytechnic Offa Incorporated
was established to provide students with quality education through the process to contribute
towards the formation of able professionals and future leaders of this country especially
committed to vital contemporary issues. Moreover, the school enhances the students to achieve a
dynamic intellectual, spiritual, moral and cultural life in the advent of scientific and humanistic
discipline in God-fearing environment of the member of the academe. The Voting System of
Federal Polytechnic Offa is a crucial task during the Election period every semester because it is
manual and time-consuming activity. In this situation, the institution need a voting system with
no hassle and no sophisticated logic structure to reduce the manual procedure of task and to
prevent human error for someone to prepare the school election each year. The institution is
upgrading its facilities along the power of technology; like the most in demand gadget in this
time, the computers. But some of the office works are still being done manually like the voting
system during election. In this case the researcher was challenged to create an electronic voting
system as a contribution for the institution development. Student on campus has the dream to
achieve good academic success and they understand quite well that this will be possible on how they
manage their time. Majority of the student will find it difficult to give away some of their time to visit the
polling booth, waiting on queue to cast their vote during the Federal Polytechnic Offa Election and
majority of them will prefer not to involve themselves in the election.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research will attempt to propose as electronic voting system for Federal Polytechnic Offa.
The researcher sought to find out why the manual voting system is a difficult task for the staff
and other who is involve in voting procedure. What are the reasons why the manual voting
system for Federal Polytechnic Offa caused human error each year, What are the reasons why the
manual voting system is a time consuming process, How does manual voting system affect the
electoral board candidates and voters. Many of the students are under pressure with their time
and some of them find it difficult to manage their time. They need their time to cover up for their
lectures, prepare for next class, test and examinations, due to this reason majority of the student
will see their participation in the FEDPOFFA election as meaningless and also not important.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study is to design and implement an E-Mobile Voting System using Federal
Polytechnic as a case study.
The objectives are to:

 Increase student turn-up during the FEDPOFFA election.

 Give student ability to vote anywhere and anytime within the range of the election time.
 Eradicate queuing, violence on the FEDPOFFA Election Day.
 Make voting easier for student.
 Enable student with some disabilities to participate in the election process.
 Make voting fun and interesting.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

After the completion and implementation of this project work, FEDPOFFA students will no
longer need to leave their hostels, class, library, cafeteria, programs, and other important places in
order to cast their vote. All they have to do is to send their vote through SMS technology from
their phone.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1. Introduction to mobile voting using SMS as a tool during the FEDPOFFA election.
2. The limitation of this research work is the absent of encryption and description algorithm
to safeguard the vote send through SMS from intruders trying to manipulate the vote.
3. It is within the FEDPOFFA.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

It is important to mention that time and cost was a major constraint in the course of fact finding.
It is also wise to mention here that some information needed to work with was not collected
because of the unwillingness of the agency to reveal such information. This leads to the scope of
this project as mentioned above.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Computerize – to store information in a computer system or process it by computer

 Data – information, often in the form of facts or figures obtained from experiments or
surveys, used as a basis for making calculations or drawing conclusions
 Database – a systematically arranged collection of computer data, structured so that it
can be automatically retrieved or manipulated
 Electronic – relating to, using, or accessed through a computer or computer network, e.g.
the Internet
 Software – programs and applications that can be run on a computer system, e.g. word
processing or database packages
 Validation – to register something formally and have its use officially sanctioned
 Voting – a formal indication of somebody's choice or opinion, especially in an election or
referendum.
 GSM- Is a digital wireless network standard widely used in European and Asian
countries. It provides a common set of compatible services and capabilities to all GSM
mobile users.
 SMS- is an excellent program to receive SMS messages This is the best solution and reference.
The manual voting process can be very tedious, prone to electoral fraud and costly.
 Matric number- is a unique identifier for every students
 SIM – is the property that the subscriber's real identity remains secret by protecting his
International Mobile Subscriber Identity(IMSI), which is an internal subscriber identity
used only by the network, and using only temporary identities for visited networks.
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 THEORETICAL CONCEPT

Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is rested in the people and
exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. Election on
the other hand is a process in which voters will be governed (Kohno et al. 2003) “in democratic
society, voting is used to collect and reflect peoples opinion and making a trusted and accepted
committee of representatives for successfully running of the country” (Abhishek et al. 2010).
Democracy is defined as a political system ruled by the people either directly or through elected
representative. Commonness way to get an elected representative is through election (the people
deciding a representative through voting). Nigeria as a country is a democratic nation hence this
is the kind of government expected to be practiced in FEDPOFFA. Federal Polytechnic Offa
Student Union election should be democratic in nature since the institution is conceived by
Nigeria. Yala (2014) mention that “election is important for functioning democracy”. One of the
best ways to have a good and functioning democracy is through election provided that the result
is accurate and reliable. It gives power to the people to decide their representative. In time past,
different voting systems that are based on traditional paper ballots, mechanical devices or
electronic ballots were developed for elections (NSF 2001, and Malkawi et al. 2009). Over the
past 200 years, the conduct of elections has changed in many ways and these changes are due
different voting system that has been implemented.
2.1 PROBLEMS OF VOTING SYSTEMS THAT ARE BASED ON TRADITIONAL
BALLOTS.

A report produced in 2013 highlighted that electoral roll was often manipulated by candidate
and their supporters for self interest with ulterior motive and often lead to dispute between
parties (Suwamam 2014). The one that occur in Nigeria about 20years ago was the election that
declared Moshood Abiola as a winner that was later manipulated by Gen. Sanni Abacha. There
are many reports of manipulated election in Nigeria. There is a high degree of truthfulness in this
report. . “The second privacy factor is important for the prevention of vote buying and extortion.
Voters can only sell their votes if they are able to prove to the buyer that they actually voted
according to the buyer’s wishes.” (Cranor&Cytron, 1996) “A system is convenient if it allows
voters to cast their votes quickly, in one session, and with minimal equipment or special skills.”
(Cranor&Cytron, 1996) The introduction of touch screens into the voting process was first used
to aid the disabled population. (Bellis, 2007) This increased convenience of touch screens could
lead to higher voter participation and decreased time at the polls. If the system utilizes
technology that society is already comfortable using, voters will perceive the system to be more
convenient. “A system is flexible if it allows a variety of ballot question formats, including open
ended questions. Flexibility is important for write-in candidates and some survey questions.”
(Cranor&Cytron, 1996).

2.1.1 SHORTCOMING OF THE E-VOTING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED DURING

THE LAST FEDPOFFA ELECTION

From the statement made by Okediran et al, (2011) one of the main types of e-voting can be
identified as e-voting supervised by physical presence of representative of government or
independent electoral authorities e.g electronic voting machine at poll sites popularly known as
Direct Recording Electronic(DRE).This was the kind of e-voting implemented during the last
FEDPOFFA election only that the laptops was used as the Direct Recording Electronic(DRE).
Mobility in the system could allow voters the capability of voting anywhere Internet access is
available. While usability is definitely a concern in looking at the list of system failures, Cranor
and Cytron (1996) compare this characteristic to convenience. However, some of the underlying
system problems affect characteristics that are not described by Cranor and Cytron. This author
proposes the following three additional characteristics needed for a good e-voting system.
Reliability in the system requires that there be alternative methods should failure occur. For
example, in the event of a power failure, the system should have an uninterruptible power source.
Each voting machine must be an exact duplicate of the other to ensure consistency and quality
control. This also increases usability as the voting process does not vary between locations,
especially important for our mobile society. The implementation of national standards would
support the consistency requirement.
2.1.2 What is E-voting?

The term e-voting is defined as any voting method where voter’s intention is expressed and
collected by electronic means (Okediran 2011). The e stands for electronic hence e-voting
means electronics voting i.e electronics form of voting. E-voting includes any kind of electronic
system used at any stage of the electoral process, such as in the counting phase. An electronic
voting (e-voting) system is a voting system in which the election data is recorded, stored and
processed primarily as digital information. There are two types of e-voting: On-Line and Offline.
On-line, e.g. via Internet, and offline, by using a voting machine or an electronic polling booth.
In this case we are considering the offline system. Authentication of Voters, Security of voting
process, Securing voted data are the main challenge of e-voting. This is the reason why
designing a secure e-voting system is very important. In many proposals, the security of the
system relies mainly on the electronic voting system. But security of data, privacy of the voters
and the accuracy of the vote are also main aspects that have to be taken into consideration while
building secure e-voting system.
Electronic voting (e-voting) is a process that takes an immense amount of input, processes the
data with the use of various technologies, and produces one output. Accuracy is one of the most
important factors to any system. If the input is not correct, then the result will not be correct;
garbage in garbage out (GIGO). Not only should the system be accurate in counting votes and
maintaining the integrity of cast ballots, the system should be accurate in identifying voters.
Some of the problems in Florida and New Jersey could have been prevented by checking that the
number of precincts reporting matched the number of existing precincts. A system is verifiable if
anyone can independently verify that all votes have been counted correctly.” (Cranor&Cytron,
1996) Currently, many experts believe that the best method to verify votes and perform recounts
is with paper ballots.

2.1.3 MOTIVATION FOR E-VOTING

Soundness: possible errors in the final tally should be detected.

Unreusability: nobody must vote twice and valid votes must not be removed from the final tally
 Completeness: invalid votes must not be added.
Uncoercibility: for preventing vote buying and extortion, no voter can prove to have voted in a
particular way.
2.1.4 TYPES OF E-VOTING

There are two types of e-voting system:

Buchsbaum (2004) “In general,two main types of e-voting can be identified: e-voting supervised
by the physical presence of representatives of governmental or independent electoral authorities,
e.g. electronic voting machines at poll sites popularly known as Direct Recording Electronics
(DRE)
e-voting within the voter’s sole influence mobile voting (remote e-voting), not physically
supervised by representatives of governmental authorities, e.g. voting from one’s own or another
person’s computer via the internet by mobile phones (including short Message, SMS), or via
digital television”. The e-voting supervised by the physical presence of representatives of
governmental or independent electoral authorities (Laptops at poll sites was used in the last
Lagos State University Student Union Election which was an improved system. This research
work is proposing a form e-voting called mobile voting which is within voter’s sole influence
(remote e-voting),not physically supervised by representatives of electoral committee, e.g. voting
from one’s own or another person’s mobile phones using Short Message Service(SMS).

2.1.5 ADVANTAGES OF THE SMS VOTING

Buchsbaum (2004) ”The emergence of e-voting will undoubtedly enable voters to cast their vote
from a place other than the poll site in their voting district, facilitate the casting of the vote by the
voter, facilitate the participation in elections by those who are entitled to vote, widen access to the
voting process for voters with disabilities or those having other difficulties in being physically
present at a polling site, increase voters turnout by providing additional voting channels, reduce
overtime, the overall cost to the electoral authorities of conducting an election, deliver voting
results reliably and more quickly amongst many other benefits”. Voter can cast their votes
anytime, anywhere and using an electronic device (mobile phones to be precise). It allows many
voters to vote simultaneously while ensuring highly availability during the electioneering process.

2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS

Sending and receiving of information, love messages etc., through SMS is very common among
our youths especially student. Many of our student’s finds pleasure using SMS to send and
receive messages from their colleagues and love ones. The turn up of youths to vote for their
favorites in programs like MTN project fames, Big brother Africa etc. shows that they find
pleasures voting via SMS. (NG KAI SIN) The younger generation is keener to use SMS when
sending their vote of support for their favorite idol or songs advertised on the television or radio
shows compared to the older generation. The ease of use and the interesting features in mobile
phones and SMS functionality make it easy to use as a tool to communicate from anywhere and
at anytime under good network connectivity makes it the choice of students. (May 2001) mobile
computing provides users with more freedom as they can access information and services
without having to find a physical space, such as office or internet café for internet connection.
Warnock (1996) labeled the benefits provided by mobile technologies “anytime and anywhere
computing.” (Ng kai sim) SMS voting can accessed in anyway and at anytime as long as the user
has a mobile phone and SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card. In particular the user has direct
communication without time or location barriers. Virtually all student and youths go about with
their handset because information can be thrown at them anytime and an urgent call can be put
through to for important reasons.

2.2.1 MOBILE PHONE ENHANCEMENT FEATURES

The pervasiveness of mobile phones can utilized to improve the election process towards free, air
and safe election (Suwamaru 2014). It will be very hard not to find a teenager without a mobile
phone these days, i.e. any undergraduate without a mobile phone is regarded as an irresponsible
student and even the school management assumes that all student seeking admission into the
tertiary institution have a mobile phone, since they always requested a phone number in the
admission form. This has really ascertained the pervasiveness of mobile phones and its ability to
improve the election process towards freer, fair and safer election on campus. Suwamaru (2014)
stated that “This near ubiquity of mobile phones can be harnessed for use in improving common
rolls, polling and counting.” The simplicity and portability of mobile phones makes them an
excellent option for use in FEDPOFFA election. SMS voting can be accessed in anyway and at
any time as long as the user has a mobile phone and a SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY
MODULE(SIM) card and it is very convenient for mobile user to participate in the SMS voting
service as they only need to send their voting keyword to a particular short code and send it
through Short Message Servic

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 DATA COLLECTION

The proposed Computer Based Tourism System was design using the structured system

methodology. The system was built on the web platform. The front-end interface was designed

using HTML, CSS3 and JavaScript, while the backend functionalities are powered by PHP

server-side scripting language and MySQL (a relational database management system) in

designing the database which runs on a web server. This language was chosen because of its

flexibility and features for developing online and offline based applications. In gathering and

collecting necessary data and information needed for system analysis, two major fact-finding

techniques were used in this work and they are:

 Primary source

 Secondary source

Primary Source

Primary source refers to the sources of collecting original data in which the researcher made use

of empirical approach such as personal interview and questionnaires i.e to ask questions from

people. Some of the electoral staffs were interviewed to share their feelings and experience about

the manual system of processing and recording of the electoral process. Their response was that

the manual system is highly cumbersome, boring and time consuming. They stressed that the

manual system has not helped them much, since they have conduct elections on session basis i.e.

yearly on a high rate and the number keeps increasing on a regular basis.
Secondary data collection: involves using already existing data where relevant materials were

gotten from the internet; published materials, journals, reports, e-books, websites, blogs and

soon.

A situation whereby files are littered around makes the office of the agency involved in the

electoral process look untidy and un-kept. I observed that due to insufficient space for storage of

this files the office looks very much like a warehouse or better still a stuffy storehouse than like

an office. Having also noticed that searching for a particular candidate’s record is time

consuming and stressful, this makes the manual system ineffective.

3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

To reduce the shortcomings of the existing system there is a need to develop a new system that
could upgrade the status of the current system which is manual and slow to the system that will
be automatic and fast. The new system should be concern with offering the requirements of the
customer and the workers, the system should be reliable, easier, fast, and more informative.

3.3 ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

Analysis of system requirements is to analyze the application develop for the purpose of
obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of the system environment developed. The
process of analyzing the needs of the system is divided into three which is flowchart, data
flow diagram (DFD) and entity relationship diagram ERD (Denton & Gupta 2003).

3.3.1 Input Analysis: A process of converting user originated to a computer based format. Input

design is an important part of development process since in accurate input data are the most

common cause of errors in data processing. Erroneous entities can be controlled by input design.

It consists of developing specifications and procedures for entering data into a system and must

be a simple format. The goal of input data design is to make data entry easy, logical and free

from errors as possible. Input data design, we design the source document that capture and then

select the media used to enter them into the computer.

The following are the input necessary to produce an output.

Administrator Account Information

 User Account ID
 User Name
 Password
 Confirm Password
 User Type
 Last Name
 First Name
 Middle Initial

Voters Information

 Voter ID
 Last Name
 First Name
 Middle Initial
 Details

3.3.2 Output Analysis: Designing computer output should process in an organized, well

throughout manner, the right output element is designed so the people will find the system easy

to execute. When we design an output, we must identify the specific output that is needed to

meet the system. The usefulness of the new system is evaluated on the basis of their output.

Administrator Output

User Username Passwor Confirm User Last First Middle

Acct ID d Password type name name Initials

XXX Xxxxxx Xxxxxx xxxxxx Admin xxxxxx xxxxxxx x

XXX Xxxxxx Xxxxxx xxxxxx Admin xxxxxx xxxxxxx x

Voter’s Output

Voter’ Last First Middl Detail Date Course/ Organizatio Studen

s ID Name Nam e s Registere level n t ID
e d
Initial
s

XXX xxxxx xxxx X xxxxx Xxxxx xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx xxxxx

x x

XXX xxxxx xxxx X xxxxx Xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx

x x

3.3.3 Interface Design: It deals with the process of developing a method of two (or more)
modules in a system to connect and communicate. These modules can apply to hardware,
software or the interface between a user and a machine.
3.3.4 Database Analysis: The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database.

Designing the database is part of system design. Data elements and data structures to be stored

have been identified at analysis stage. They are structured and put together to design the data

storage and retrieval system.

ADMIN DATABASE

Field Name Field Size Data type

User acct ID 10 Varchar

 Username 20 Varchar

Password 20 Varchar

User type 20 Character

Last Name 50 Character

First Name 50 Character

Middle initial 1 Character

VOTER’S/ELECTORAL BOARD DATABASE

Field Name Field Size Data type

Voter ID/Electoral 10 Varchar

board ID

Last Name 50 Character

First Name 50 Character

Middle Initial 50 Character

Details 100 Character

Date registered 10 Varchar

Course 50 Character

Year/Level 20 Varchar

Organization 30 Character

Student ID 20 Varchar

3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN

The design stage involves the translation of the requirements obtained from the analysis stage
into a plan or model of how to achieve these requirements. Design is the principal step of
mapping real world requirements into software solutions. As such the design needs to represent
the problem tailored towards the domain of software and computing. The design was done using
Unified Modelling Language (UML). This was used to specified the developed model into a
representative model to aid software system development. Use case diagrams in UML were used
to model the system.

3.4.1 Use Case Diagram

Use case diagrams describe what a system does from an external observer's standpoint. The

emphasis of use case diagrams is on what a system does rather than how. They are used to show

the interactions between users of the system and the system. A use case represents the several

users called actors and the different ways in which they interact with the system.

3.4.3 Analysis of the System Modules

System Module is a representation of a user's interaction with the system that shows the

relationship between the user and the different use cases in which the user is involved. These are

discussed as follows.

Login/Logout: The model is designed to be implemented in a web-based environment and

hence, security is important. With this mindset, all users must possess valid user credentials

before accessing the system. Before accessing the system, the user must provide these credentials

and the system must acknowledge that these credentials are valid.
Upload Data: Uploading data needed for the system come in two folds. First, the existing data

are digitized and uploaded to the system, and this is done by the user. The second method, the

data is uploaded via the admin panel.

The system is designed in two ways, the front end and the back end:
 CHAPTER FOUR

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT PRESENTATION

4.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

The software requirement specification is the essential role in the software development
stages

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

i Microprocessor: Intel(R) Core(TM)i5-6200U CPU @ 2.3 GHz

ii RAM: 4GB of RAM
iii Hard Disk: 1 terabytes (TB) on installation drive
Operating Systems:
 Windows 10 Pro 64 bits Operating System for developing this system.
Interface Design The interface design focuses on the layout of the entire application that are
actually visible to the users after deploying it into real time environment. The interface
design only shows the physical framework. .These is depicted through a set of UML
diagrams. These diagrams are data flow diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagram and
entity relationship diagram.
Modular Design The modular design involves the process of classifying the application
elements into different sub-systems. The modular design of this application is divided into
collage details- which shows the important notifications and activates in the college, student
details- which shows student performance track record and faculty details- which shows
faculty personal and professional details.

4.2 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

This segment show the hardware requirement of the system and software requirement of the
system respectively. For this feat to be achieved, an integrated, highly efficient and effective
hospital management system is needed.
In implementing the system use HTML, JAVASCRIPT, CSS as front end and MYSQL database
as the back end.

4.3 RESULTS PRESENTATION

In this chapter the results and evaluations of the design based on different security aspects are
presented.
4.4 SYSTEM TESTING
This is the process of confirming whether the new system is working according to the
specification. Testing are pertinent in this system, because it will minimize or eliminate the
errors in an online shopping system. This test will show exactly the type of problems develop in
the system in the processing of data and would also indicate any problem in the respond time of
the system. The process of testing the system is to defect errors and debug them before it is
delivered, installed and made operational errors including bugs that cause system not to work
according to specifications.

4.5 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

Documentation is a written record that describes the entire instruction development and
operation program about the new system. When a system is well documented, the user finds it
easier to use and understand when problem arises and provide solutions to problems.
During the design stage of this system, the followings documentation was considered;
 Program Documentation: Stock control system (SCS) and inventory management is a
program controlled by various program noodles which are written using vs code.
  System Documentation: This is done at design time with the purpose of aiding
controls by providing a record of what has been developed and what has been
changed.
 User-Reference Documentation: This is the step-by step information guide design to
system were in carrying out task with new system.
To use the new system, the user has to follow the under listed instructions:
 Boot the computer to desktop environment
 Slot in the software into your CD drive, wait and follow the instruction for installation.
 A welcome screen will appear showing author’s information like (name and password) as
well as the file of the software from which the user will check “Login”.
 A login screen will appears, then the user is required to type or Keyin the “user ID” and
password”.
 From here, the program will open the main men where other sub menu are attached.
Maintenance includes program update with time as need, debugging of the program, repairs,
hardware/software changes as need be for safety and management purposes, anti-virus software
should be installed before using the new system to avoid system failure. This following are
recommended: Air conditioner or fans should be provided to help in cooling the system, Ups,
voltage regulator (stabilizer), lightening arrestors, automatic fine alarm and smoke detector is
also recommended to maintain the system.
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY

At the beginning of the project chapter an introduction of voting system was made and overview
of how voting system is carried during the previous FEDPOFFA election.

A little discussion on Research problem, research methodology etc was done with the aim and
objective of the project.

In chapter two, role of election in a democratic society, problems with traditional ballot system,
shortcoming of the e-voting system implemented during the last FEDPOFFA election are the
major topics under the literature review.

In chapter three, System analysis and design was discussed with various flowchart, use case,
Data flow diagrams and activity diagrams etc for clarifications.

In chapter four, the choice of language in use was revealed and the reasons for those languages
were also discussed .The hardware and software requirement was also revealed.
The development environment with various screen shots was disclosed and at the end of the
chapter the evaluation and conclusion of the system was made.

5.2 CONCLUSION

Suwamaru (2014) stated that “This near ubiquity of mobile phones can be harnessed for use in
improving common rolls, polling and counting.” The simplicity and portability of mobile phones
makes them an excellent option for use in FEDPOFFA election.

SMS voting can be accessed in anyway and at any time as long as the user has a mobile phone
and a SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE(SIM) card and it is very convenient for mobile user
to participate in the SMS voting service as they only need to send their voting keyword to a
particular short code and send it through Short Message Service

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

The researchers would like to emphasize that the design system should be adopted not just for

anything else but because it is develop mainly for the purpose of the Electronic Voting System

for Federal Polytechnic Offa. It was also suggested that having enough equipment in

constructing hardware system and reaching the aimed system, should be enough advanced

technology that would support the system. The password is the primary security to ensure data

and be keep confidentially all the time.

Recommendation for the smooth and efficient running of the system:

 Training of Staffs on computer internet and security programs.

 Tutoring staff and student on how to use the new system.