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Group 3 Assignment

The document outlines various basic digital electronic devices, including logic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers, and counters, which are fundamental to digital systems. It explains the functions of binary counters, decade counters, and the roles of encoders and decoders in converting binary to decimal representations. Additionally, it describes multiplexers and demultiplexers for data signal management, as well as visual display technologies like LEDs, LCDs, and 7-segment displays.

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12 views4 pages

Group 3 Assignment

The document outlines various basic digital electronic devices, including logic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers, and counters, which are fundamental to digital systems. It explains the functions of binary counters, decade counters, and the roles of encoders and decoders in converting binary to decimal representations. Additionally, it describes multiplexers and demultiplexers for data signal management, as well as visual display technologies like LEDs, LCDs, and 7-segment displays.

Uploaded by

kalasingayvonne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group 3 assignment

1. Joseph Lekerai.
2. Caroline Njuguna.
3. Hellen Wanja.
4. Kelvin Mutie.
5. Laban
6. Alex Oluoch.
7. Joy

1.Basic digital electronics devices


Basic digital electronic devices are the building blocks of complex digital systems. Here are some of the
most common basic digital electronic devices:

 Logic Gates: Logic gates are the most fundamental building blocks of digital circuits. They perform
basic logical operations on binary inputs, producing a single binary output. Common logic gates
include AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, and NOR gates.
Here are the truth tables for the logic gates:

AND Gate

| Input A | Input B | Output |


|---------|---------|--------|
|0 |0 |0 |
|0 |1 |0 |
|1 |0 |0 |
|1 |1 |1 |

OR Gate

| Input A | Input B | Output |


|---------|---------|--------|
|0 |0 |0 |
|0 |1 |1 |
|1 |0 |1 |
|1 |1 |1 |

NOT Gate

| Input | Output |
|-------|--------|
|0 |1 |
|1 |0 |

XOR Gate

| Input A | Input B | Output |


|---------|---------|--------|
|0 |0 |0 |
|0 |1 |1 |
|1 |0 |1 |
|1 |1 |0 |

NAND Gate

| Input A | Input B | Output |


|---------|---------|--------|
|0 |0 |1 |
|0 |1 |1 |
|1 |0 |1 |
|1 |1 |0 |

NOR Gate

| Input A | Input B | Output |


|---------|---------|--------|
|0 |0 |1 |
|0 |1 |0 |
|1 |0 |0 |
|1 |1 |0 |
 Flip-Flops: Flip-flops are memory elements that store a single bit of data. They can be used to build
counters, registers, and other memory-based circuits. Common types of flip-flops include SR, JK, D,
and T flip-flops.
 Multiplexers (MUX): Multiplexers select one of multiple inputs and output it to a single output line.
They are used for data routing and selection.
 Demultiplexers (DEMUX): Demultiplexers do the opposite of multiplexers. They take a single
input and route it to one of multiple outputs. They are used for data distribution.
 Encoders: Encoders convert a set of inputs into a single output code. For example, a binary-to-
decimal encoder converts a binary input into its decimal equivalent.
 Decoders: Decoders do the opposite of encoders. They take a single input code and convert it into a
set of outputs. For example, a decimal-to-binary decoder converts a decimal input into its binary
equivalent.
 Adders: Adders are circuits that perform arithmetic addition on binary numbers. They are used in
calculators, computers, and other digital systems.
 Comparators: Comparators compare two binary numbers and produce an output indicating whether
they are equal, greater than, or less than. They are used in decision-making circuits.
 Shift Registers: Shift registers are used to store and shift data bits. They are used in communication
systems, memory systems, and other applications.
 Counters: Counters are circuits that count events or pulses. They are used in clocks, timers, and
other applications.
 Integrated circuits: are tiny electronic circuits fabricated on a single semiconductor chip,intergrated
multiple transistors and other components.
2. counters
A sequential logic circuit that tracks and stores the number of input pulses or events, often using flip flops to
represent a binary value.
 Flip-flops are basically memory cells that can be in one of two states: 0 or 1. They have inputs that
control their state and outputs that reflect the stored value.
 S-R flip-flop: This flip-flop has two inputs, S (set) and R (reset), and one output, Q. Setting S to 1
sets the output to 1, and setting R to 1 resets the output to 0.
 D flip-flop: This flip-flop has one data input, D, and one output, Q. The output Q takes on the value
of the D input on the clock edge.
 JK flip-flop: This flip-flop has two inputs, J and K, and one output, Q. It can toggle its output
(change state) based on the inputs.
 Latches: They store a single bits of data and change the output levels continuously in response to
input changes.
Flip-flops are essential for building counters because they provide the memory needed to keep track of the
count.

3. Binary counters
Binary counters are circuits that count in a binary. They use flipflops which are like tiny switches that can
be set to either 0 or 1. Each flipflop represents a bit in the binary number. when the counter receives a clock
pulse, it increments the binary count by one.
Types of binary counters;
 Parallel counters; all flipflops are triggered by the same clock signal at the same time also known as
synchronous counter.
 Serial counters; only the first flipflop is triggered by the external clock, subsequential flipflops are
triggered by the outputs of the previous flipflops also known as asynchronous counters.
4. Decade counters
It is a type of counter that counts from 0 to 9 and then resets back to 0.it is called a decade counter
because it counts in base-10 system.

 Encoder: An encoder converts a set of inputs into a single output code. In a decade counter,
an encoder takes the outputs of the flip-flops (representing the current count) and generates a
single output code that corresponds to the decimal equivalent of the count. For example, if
the flip-flops are in the state 1001 (representing 9), the encoder would output a code
representing 9.

 Decoder: A decoder does the opposite of an encoder. It takes a single input code and converts
it into a set of outputs. In a decade counter, a decoder takes the output code from the encoder
and converts it into a set of outputs that can drive a 7-segment display to display the decimal
equivalent of the count. For example, if the encoder output code represents 9, the decoder
would activate the appropriate segments on the 7-segment display to show the digit "9."

Encoders and Decoders in decade counters act as a bridge between the binary representation of the
count in the flip-flops and the decimal representation that we want to display or use in other parts of
the circuit.

5.Multiplexers and demultiplexers


Multiplexers and demultiplexers are digital circuits that manage data signals.

 Multiplexer (MUX): A multiplexer selects one out of many input signals and routes it to a
single output. Think of it like a switch that directs traffic from multiple lanes to a single lane.

 Demultiplexer (DEMUX): A demultiplexer does the opposite of a multiplexer. It takes a


single input signal and routes it to one of many output lines. It's like splitting a single lane of
traffic into multiple lanes.

Both multiplexers and demultiplexers are used in various applications, including communication
systems, data processing, and memory addressing.
6. Light Emitting Diode(led)
LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. It's a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric
current passes through it.
LCDs and 7-segment displays are both visual display technologies used to show information.

 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): An LCD uses liquid crystals to block or allow light to pass
through, creating images. They are commonly found in TVs, computer monitors, and
mobile phone screens.

 7-Segment Display: A 7-segment display uses seven LEDs arranged in a specific pattern to
display digits from 0 to 9. They are often used in clocks, calculators, and other devices that
need to display numbers.

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