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AHL1.9
AHL 1.10
SL 1.1* SL 1.1*
Laws of logarithms: Counting principles, including permutations and
Operations with numbers in the form a x10k where Operations with numbers in the form a x10k where combinations.
log=
a xy log a x + log a y
1 ≤ a < 10 and k is an integer. 1 ≤ a < 10 and k is an integer. Extension of the binomial theorem to fractional and
x
log
= a log a x − log a y negative indices, ie., (a + b) n , n ∈  .
y
log a x m = m log a x
for a , x , y > 0
SL1.2* SL1.2*
Arithmetic sequences and series. Arithmetic sequences and series.
Use of the formulae for the nth term and the sum of the AHL 1.10 Use of the formulae for the nth term and the sum of the AHL 1.11
first n terms of the sequence. first n terms of the sequence.
Simplifying expressions, both numerically and algebraically,
Use of sigma notation for sums of arithmetic sequences. involving rational exponents. Use of sigma notation for sums of arithmetic sequences.
Partial fractions.
Applications. Applications.
Analysis, interpretation and prediction where a model is Analysis, interpretation and prediction where a model is
not perfectly arithmetic in real-life. not perfectly arithmetic in real-life.
SL 1.3* SL 1.3*
AHL 1.12
Topic 1: Algebra

Geometric sequences and series. Geometric sequences and series.

AHL 1.11
Use of the formulae for the nth term and the sum of the Use of the formulae for the nth term and the sum of the Complex numbers: the number i , where i 2 = −1
first n terms of the sequence. first n terms of the sequence.
Cartesian form z= a + bi ; the terms real part, imaginary
Use of sigma notation for the sums of geometric The sum of infinite geometric sequences. Use of sigma notation for the sums of geometric
part, conjugate, modulus and argument.
sequences. sequences.
Applications. Applications. The complex plane.

AHL 1.12
Complex numbers: the number i such that i 2 = −1 .

Cartesian form: z= a + bi ; the terms real part, imaginary AHL 1.13

part, conjugate, modulus and argument.
SL 1.4* SL 1.4* Modulus-argument (polar) form:
Financial applications of geometric sequences and series: Financial applications of geometric sequences and series: z = r ( cos θ + i sin θ ) = rcisθ
Calculate sums, differences, products, quotients, by hand
• Compound interest and with technology. Calculating powers of complex • Compound interest
Euler form: z = reiθ
• Annual depreciation numbers, in Cartesian form, with technology. • Annual depreciation
The complex plane. Sums, products and quotients in Cartesian, polar or Euler
forms and their geometric interpretation.

Complex numbers as solutions to quadratic equations of

the form ax 2 + bx + c =0 , a ≠ 0 , with real coefficients
2
where b − 4ac < 0
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AHL 1.13

Modulus–argument (polar) form:

z = r (cos θ + isinθ ) = r cis θ
AHL 1.14
Exponential form: z = reiθ
SL 1.5* SL 1.5*
Complex conjugate roots of quadratic and polynomial
Laws of exponents with integer exponents. Laws of exponents with integer exponents. equations with real coefficients.
Conversion between Cartesian, polar and exponential
Introduction to logarithms with base 10 and e. forms, by hand and with technology. Introduction to logarithms with base 10 and e.
De Moivre’s theorem and its extension to rational
Numerical evaluation of logarithms using technology. Numerical evaluation of logarithms using technology. exponents.
Calculate products, quotients and integer powers in polar
or exponential forms.
Powers and roots of complex numbers.
Adding sinusoidal functions with the same frequencies but
different phase shift angles.

Geometric interpretation of complex numbers.

AHL 1.14

Definition of a matrix: the terms element, row, column and

order for m × n matrices.

Algebra of matrices: equality; addition; subtraction;

SL 1.6 multiplication by a scalar for m × n matrices. AHL 1.15
Multiplication of matrices. SL 1.6
Approximation: decimal places, significant figures.
Simple deductive proof, numerical and algebraic; how to Proof by mathematical induction
Properties of matrix multiplication:
Upper and lower bounds of rounded numbers. lay out a left-hand side to right-hand side (LHS to RHS)
associativity, distributivity and non-commutativity. proof. Proof by contradiction;
Percentage errors. The symbols and notation for equality and identity.
Identity and zero matrices. Use of a counterexample to show that a statement is not
always true.
Estimation. Determinants and inverses of n x n matrices with
technology, and by hand for 2 x 2 matrices.
Awareness that a system of linear equations can be written
in the form Ax = b.

Solution of the systems of equations using inverse matrix.

AHL 1.15
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. SL 1.7 AHL 1.16
SL 1.7 Characteristic polynomial of 2 x 2 matrices. Laws of exponents with rational exponents. Solutions of systems of linear equations (a maximum of
three equations in three unknowns), including cases where
Amortization and annuities using technology. Diagonalization of 2 x 2 matrices (restricted to the case there is a unique solution, an infinite number of solutions
where there are distinct real eigenvalues). Laws of logarithms.
or no solution(s).
Applications to powers of 2 x 2 matrices.
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log=
a xy log a x + log a y
x
log
= a log a x − log a y
y
log a x m = m log a x
for a , x , y > 0

Change of base of a logarithm.

log b x for a , b , x > 0
log a x = ,
log b a

Solving exponential equations, including using logarithms.

SL 1.8
Use technology to solve: SL 1.8
• Systems of linear equations in up to 3 variables Sum of infinite convergent geometric sequences.
• Polynomial equations
SL 1.9

The binomial theorem: expansion of (a + b) n , n ∈ 

Use of Pascal’s triangle and n Cr .

SL 2.1* SL 2.1*
Different forms of the equation of a straight line. AHL 2.7 Different forms of the equation of a straight line. AHL 2.12
Topic 2: Functions

Composite functions in context. Polynomial functions, their graphs and equations; zeros,
Gradient; intercepts. Gradient; intercepts.
roots and factors.
The notation ( f  g )( x) = f ( g ( x))
Lines with gradients m1 and m2 . Lines with gradients m1 and m2 . The factor and remainder theorems.
−1
Inverse function f , including domain restriction.
Sum and product of the roots of polynomial equations.
Parallel lines m1 = m2 . Parallel lines m1 = m2 .
Finding an inverse function.
Perpendicular lines m1 x m2 = −1 . Perpendicular lines m1 x m2 = −1 .
SL 2.2* SL 2.2*
Concept of a function, domain, range and graph. AHL2.8 Concept of a function, domain, range and graph.
Translations:
= y f ( x) + b ;=y f ( x − a)
Function notation, eg. f ( x), v(t ), C (n) . Function notation, eg. f ( x), v(t ), C (n) . AHL 2.13
Reflections: in the x axis y = pf ( x) , and in the y axis
.

n) Rational functions of the form

The concept of a function as a mathematical model. =y f (− x) The concept of a function as a mathematical model.
Function notation, eg.

ax + b ax 2 + bx + c
Vertical stretch with scale factor p: y = pf ( x) = f ( x) = , and f ( x )
Informal concept that an inverse function reverses or Informal concept that an inverse function reverses or cx 2 + dx + e dx + e
undoes the effect of a function. undoes the effect of a function.
1 y = f (qx)
Horizontal stretch with scale factor :
Inverse function as a reflection in the line y = x and the q Inverse function as a reflection in the line y = x and the
−1 Composite transformations.
notation f ( x) . notation f −1 ( x) .
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AHL 2.9
In addition to the models covered in the SL content the
AHL content extends this to include modelling with the
following functions:
SL2.3* SL2.3* AHL 2.14
Exponential models to calculate half-life;
The graph of a function; its equation y = f ( x) . The graph of a function; its equation y = f ( x) . Odd and even functions.

Creating a sketch from information given or a context,

Natural logarithmic models: f ( x)= a + ln x
Creating a sketch from information given or a context, Finding the inverse function f −1 ( x) , including domain
including transferring a graph from screen to paper. including transferring a graph from screen to paper. restriction.

Using technology to graph functions including their sums Using technology to graph functions including their sums
f ( x) a sin (b ( x − c)) + d
Sinusoidal models: = Self-inverse functions.
and differences. and differences.
L
Logistic models: f ( x) = ; L , k,C > 0
1 + Ce − kx
Piecewise models.
AHL 2.10
SL 2.4* Scaling very large or small numbers using logarithms; SL 2.4* AHL 2.15
Determine key features of graphs. Determine key features of graphs. Solutions of g ( x) ≥ f ( x) , both graphically and
Linearizing data using logarithms to determine if the data
has an exponential or a power relationship using best-fit analytically.
Finding the point of intersection of two curves or lines Finding the point of intersection of two curves or lines
straight lines to determine parameters
using technology. using technology.
Interpretation of log-log and semi-log graphs.
SL2.5
Modelling with the following functions:

Linear models: f ( =
x) mx + c .
Quadratic models: f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c ; a ≠ 0 . Axis of
symmetry, vertex, zeros and roots, intercepts on the x-axis
and y-axis.
Exponential growth and decay models: AHL 2.16
SL 2.5
x) ka x + c
f (= Composite functions The graphs of the functions, y = f ( x) and y = f ( x ) ,
ka − x + c, (for a > 0)
f ( x) = 1
Identity function. y= , y = f (ax + b), y = [ f ( x) ] 2
f (= rx
x) ke + c f ( x)

Equation of a horizontal asymptote. Finding the inverse function f −1 ( x) Solution of modulus equations and inequalities.

f ( x) ax n , n ∈ 
Direct/inverse variation: =
The y-axis as a vertical asymptote when n < 0 .

Cubic models: f ( x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d

Sinusoidal models:
f ( x) = a sin (bx) + d , f ( x) = a cos (bx) + d
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SL 2.6
Modelling skills:

Use the modelling process described in the “mathematical

modelling” section of the guide to create, fit and use the
theoretical models in section SL2.5 and their graphs;

Develop and fit the model:

Given a context, recognize and choose an appropriate

model and possible parameters; SL 2.6
Determine a reasonable domain for a model. Find the The quadratic function f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c : its graph, y -
parameters of a model: by setting up and solving equations intercept (0, c) . Axis of symmetry.
simultaneously (using technology), by consideration of
initial conditions or by substitution of points into a given
The form f ( x) =a ( x − p )( x − q ) , x - intercepts ( p, 0)
function.
and (q, 0) .
Test and reflect upon the model:
The form f ( x) = a ( x − h) 2 + k , vertex (h, k ) .
Comment on the appropriateness and reasonableness of a
model.

Justify the choice of a particular model: based on the shape

of the data, properties of the curve and/or the context of
the situation.

Use the model:

Reading, interpreting & making predictions based on the

model.
SL 2.7
Solution of quadratic equations and inequalities

The quadratic formula

The discriminant ∆= b 2 − 4ac and the nature of the

roots, that is, two distinct real roots, two equal real roots,
no real roots.
SL 2.8
1
( x)
The reciprocal function f= , x ≠ 0 : its graph and
x
self-inverse nature.
ax + b
Rational functions of the form f ( x) = and their
cx + d
graphs.

Equations of vertical and horizontal asymptotes.

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SL 2.9
Exponential functions and their graphs.

f ( x) =a x , a > 0, f ( x) =ex
Logarithmic functions and their graphs:

f ( x) =log a x, x > 0, f ( x) =ln x, x > 0

SL 2.10
Solving equations, both graphically and analytically.

Use of technology to solve a variety of equations, including

those where there is no appropriate analytic approach.

Applications of graphing skills and solving equations that

relate to real-life situations.
SL 2.11
Transformations of graphs.

Translations: y = f ( x) + b; y = f ( x − a ) .

− f ( x); y =
Reflections (in both axes): y = f (− x) .
Vertical stretch with scale factor p: y = pf ( x) .

1
Horizontal stretch with scale factor : y = f (qx) .
q
Composite transformations.
AHL 3.9
SL 3.1* SL 3.1*
Definition of the reciprocal trigonometrical
The distance between two points in three-dimensional The distance between two points in three-dimensional
AHL 3.7 ratios sec θ , cosecθ and cot θ .
space, and their midpoint. space, and their midpoint.
The definition of a radian and conversion between degrees
Volume and surface area of three-dimensional solids Volume and surface area of three-dimensional solids Pythagorean identities: 1 + tan 2 θ ≡ sec 2 θ ;
and radians.
Topic 3: Geometry & Trigonometry

including right-pyramid, right cone, sphere, hemisphere including right-pyramid, right cone, sphere, hemisphere 1 + cot 2 θ ≡ cosec 2θ .
and combinations of these solids. and combinations of these solids.
Using radians to calculate area of sector, length of arc.
=
The inverse functions f ( x) arcsin
= x, f ( x) arccos( x),
The size of an angle between two intersecting lines or The size of an angle between two intersecting lines or
between a line and a plane. between a line and a plane. f ( x) = arctan x ; their domains and ranges; their graphs.

SL 3.2* AHL 3.8 SL 3.2*

Use of sine, cosine and tangent ratios to find the sides and The definitions of cos θ and sin θ in terms of the unit cir- Use of sine, cosine and tangent ratios to find the sides and
angles of right-angled triangles. cle. angles of right-angled triangles.
AHL 3.10
a b c The Pythagorean identity: cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ =
1 a b c
The sine rule: = = . The sine rule: = = . Compound angle identities.
sin A sin B sin C sin θ sin A sin B sin C
Definition of tan θ as
The cosine rule cos θ The cosine rule Double angle identity for tan.
b2 + c2 − a 2 Extension of the sine rule to the ambiguous case. b2 + c2 − a 2
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A; cos A = . a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A; cos A = .
2bc 2bc
Graphical methods of solving trigonometric equations in a
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1 finite interval. 1
Area of a triangle as ab sin C . Area of a triangle as ab sin C .
2 2

AHL 3.9
SL 3.3* Geometric transformations of points in two dimensions SL 3.3*
Applications of right and non-right-angled trigonometry using matrices: reflections, horizontal and vertical Applications of right and non-right-angled trigonometry AHL 3.11
including Pythagoras. stretches, enlargements, translations and rotations. including Pythagoras.
Relationships between trigonometric functions and the
Angles of elevation and depression. Angles of elevation and depression. symmetry properties of their graphs.
Compositions of the above transformations.
Construction of labelled diagrams from written statements. Construction of labelled diagrams from written statements.
Geometric interpretation of the determinant of a
transformation matrix.
AHL 3.10 AHL 3.12
Concept of a vector and a scalar. Concept of a vector; position vectors; displacement
Representation of vectors using directed line segments. vectors.

Unit vectors; base vectors i, j, k. Representation of vectors using directed line segments.

Components of a vector; column representation; Base vectors i, j, k.

SL 3.4
SL 3.4
The zero vector 0, the vector -v . Components of a vector: .
The circle: length of an arc; area of a sector. →
The circle: radian measure of angles; length of an arc; area Algebraic and geometric approaches to the following:
Position vectors OA = a .
of a sector.
→ → → • the sum and difference of two vectors;
AB =OB − OA =−
b a
• the zero vector 0 , the vector −v ;
Rescaling and normalizing vectors. • multiplication by a scalar, kv , parallel vectors;
v
• magnitude of a vector, v ; unit vectors, ;
v
→ →
• OA a=
position vectors= , OB b
→
• displacement vector AB= b − a
Proofs of geometrical properties using vectors.

SL 3.5
Definition of cos θ ,sin θ in terms of the unit circle.

sin θ AHL 3.13

AHL 3.11 Definition of tan θ as . The definition of the scalar product of two vectors.
SL 3.5 Vector equation of a line in two and three dimensions:
cos θ
Equations of perpendicular bisectors. π π π π The angle between two vectors
r= a + λ b , where b is a direction vector of the line. Exact values of trigonometric ratios of 0, , , , and
6 4 3 2
their multiples. Perpendicular vectors; parallel vectors.

Extension of the sine rule to the ambiguous case.

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SL 3.6 AHL 3.14

AHL 3.12
Voronoi diagrams; sites, vertices, edge, cells. SL 3.6
Vector applications to kinematics Vector equation of a line in two and three dimensions:
The Pythagorean identity cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ =
1.
Addition of a site to an existing Voronoi diagram. r= a + λ b .
Modelling linear motion with constant velocity in two and Double angle identities for sine and cosine.
three dimensions. The angle between two lines.
Nearest neighbour interpolation.
The relationship between trigonometric ratios.
Motion with variable velocity in two dimensions. Simple applications to kinematics.
Applications including the “toxic waste dump” problem.
AHL 3.13
Definition and calculation of the scalar product of two
SL 3.7
vectors
The circular functions sin x, cos x and tan x ; amplitude,
The angle between two vectors; the acute angle between their periodic nature, and their graphs AHL 3.15
two lines. Coincident, parallel, intersecting and skew lines,
Composite functions of the form
distinguishing between these cases.
( x) a sin ( b ( x + c) ) + d
f=
Definition and calculation of the vector product of two .
vectors. Points of intersection.
Transformations.
Geometric interpretation of v × w .
Real-life contexts.
Components of vectors.
AHL 3.14
Graph theory: Graphs, vertices, edges, adjacent vertices, SL 3.8
adjacent edges, degree of a vertex AHL 3.16
Solving trigonometric equations in a finite interval, both
The definition of the vector product of two vectors.
graphically and analytically.
Simple graphs; complete graphs; weighted graphs.
Properties of the vector product.
Equations leading to quadratic equations in
Directed graphs; indegree and outdegree of the vertices of
a directed graph. sin x, cos x, or tan x . Geometric interpretation of v x w .

Subgraphs; trees
AHL 3.15 AHL 3.17
• Adjacency matrices Vector equations of a plane: r =a + λ b + µ c , where b and
• Walks c are non-parallel vectors within the plane.
• Number of k-length walks (or less than k-length walks)
between two vertices. r ⋅ n = a ⋅ n , where n is a normal to the plane and a is the
• Weighted adjacency tables position vector of a point on the plane.
• Construction of the transition matrix for strongly- Cartesian equation of a plane ax + by + cz =
d.
connected, undirected or directed graphs.
AHL 3.16
• Tree and cycle algorithms with undirected graphs
• Walks, trails, paths, circuits, cycles
• Eulerian trails and circuits
• Hamiltonian paths and cycles AHL 3.18
• Minimum spanning tree (MST) graph algorithms: Intersections of: a line with a plane, two planes, three
Kruskal’s and Prim’s algorithms for finding minimum planes.
spanning trees.
• Chinese postman problem and algorithm for solution, Angle between: a line and a plane, two planes.
to determine the shortest route around a weighted
graph with up to four odd vertices, going along each
edge at least once.
• Travelling salesman problem to determine the
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Hamiltonian cycle of least weight in a weighted

complete graph.
• Nearest neighbour algorithm for determining an upper
bound for the travelling salesman problem.
• Deleted vertex algorithm for determining a lower
bound for the travelling salesman problem.

AHL4.12
• Design of valid data collection methods, such as
SL 4.1* surveys and questionnaires. SL 4.1*
Concepts of population, sample, random sample, discrete • Selecting relevant variables from many variables. Concepts of population, sample, random sample, discrete
and continuous data. • Choosing relevant and appropriate data to analyse. and continuous data.
• Categorizing numerical data in a χ 2 table and
Reliability of data sources and bias in sampling. Reliability of data sources and bias in sampling. AHL 4.13
justifying the choice of categorisation. • Use of Bayes’ theorem for a maximum of three events.
• Choosing an appropriate number of degrees of
Interpretation of outliers. freedom when estimating parameters from data when Interpretation of outliers.
carrying out the χ 2 goodness of fit test.
Sampling techniques and their effectiveness. Sampling techniques and their effectiveness.
• Definition of reliability and validity.
• Reliability tests.
• Validity tests.
SL 4.2* AHL 4.13 SL 4.2*
AHL 4.14
• Presentation of data (discrete and continuous): • Non-linear regression; • Presentation of data (discrete and continuous):
• Variance of a discrete random variable.
Topic 4: Statistics & Probability

frequency distributions (tables). • evaluation of least squares regression curves using frequency distributions (tables).
• Continuous random variables and their probability
• Histograms. technology; • Histograms.
density functions.
• Cumulative frequency; cumulative frequency graphs; • Sum of square residuals ( SS res ) as a measure of fit for • Cumulative frequency; cumulative frequency graphs;
• Mode and median of continuous random variables.
use to find median, quartiles, percentiles, range and use to find median, quartiles, percentiles, range and
a model. • Mean, variance and standard deviation of both discrete
interquartile range (IQR). interquartile range (IQR).
• The coefficient of determination ( R 2 ). and continuous random variables.
• Production and understanding of box and whisker • Production and understanding of box and whisker
• Evaluation of R 2 using technology. • The effect of linear transformations of X.
diagrams. diagrams.
SL 4.3* AHL 4.14 SL 4.3*
• Measures of central tendency (mean, median and • Linear transformation of a single random variable; • Measures of central tendency (mean, median and
mode). • Expected value of linear combinations of n random mode).
• Estimation of mean from grouped data. variables. • Estimation of mean from grouped data.
• Modal class. • Variance of linear combinations of n independent • Modal class.
• Measures of dispersion (interquartile range, standard random variables. • Measures of dispersion (interquartile range, standard
deviation and variance). • x as an unbiased estimate of µ . deviation and variance).
• Effect of constant changes on the original data. • Effect of constant changes on the original data.
• sn2−1 as an unbiased estimate of σ 2 .
• Quartiles of discrete data. • Quartiles of discrete data.
SL 4.4* SL 4.4*
• Linear correlation of bivariate data. AHL 4.15 • Linear correlation of bivariate data.
• Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, r. • A linear combination of n independent normal random • Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, r.
• Scatter diagrams; lines of best fit, by eye, passing variables is normally distributed. In particular, • Scatter diagrams; lines of best fit, by eye, passing
through the mean point.  σ2  through the mean point.
• Equation of the regression line of y on x. X  N (µ , σ 2 ) ⇒ X  N  µ ,  • Equation of the regression line of y on x.
 n 
• Use of the equation of the regression line for . • Use of the equation of the regression line for
prediction purposes. • Central limit theorem. prediction purposes.
• Interpret the meaning of the parameters, a and b, in a • Interpret the meaning of the parameters, a and b, in a
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linear regression =
y ax + b linear regression =
y ax + b .

SL 4.5* SL 4.5*
Concepts of trial, outcome, equally likely outcomes, Concepts of trial, outcome, equally likely outcomes,
relative frequency, sample space (U) and event. relative frequency, sample space (U) and event.
n( A) AHL 4.16 n( A)
The probability of an event A is P( A) = . The probability of an event A is P( A) = .
n(U ) Confidence intervals for the mean of a normal population. n(U )
The complementary events A and A ' (not A). The complementary events A and A ' (not A).

Expected number of occurrences. Expected number of occurrences.

SL 4.6* SL 4.6*
Use of Venn diagrams, tree diagrams, sample space Use of Venn diagrams, tree diagrams, sample space
diagrams and tables of outcomes to calculate probabilities. diagrams and tables of outcomes to calculate probabilities.
AHL 4.17
Combined events: P( A ∪ B )= P( A) + P( B ) − P( A ∩ B) . Poisson distribution, its mean and variance. Combined events: P( A ∪ B )= P( A) + P( B ) − P( A ∩ B) .
Mutually exclusive events: P( A ∩ B ) =
0. Mutually exclusive events: P( A ∩ B ) =
0.
Sum of two independent Poisson distributions has a
Poisson distribution.
P( A ∩ B ) P( A ∩ B )
Conditional probability: P( A B ) = . Conditional probability: P( A B ) = .
P( B ) P( B )
Independent events: P( A ∩ B ) =
P( A)P( B) . Independent events: P( A ∩ B ) =
P( A)P( B) .
AHL 4.18
Critical values and critical regions.
Test for population mean for normal distribution.
SL 4.7* SL 4.7*
Test for proportion using binomial distribution.
Concept of discrete random variables and their probability Concept of discrete random variables and their probability
distributions. Test for population mean using Poisson distribution. distributions.
Expected value (mean), E( X ) for discrete data. Use of technology to test the hypothesis that the Expected value (mean), E( X ) for discrete data.
Applications. population product moment correlation coefficient ( ρ ) is Applications.
0 for bivariate normal distributions.

Type I and II errors including calculations of their

probabilities.
AHL 4.19
Transition matrices.

Powers of transition matrices

SL 4.8* SL 4.8*
Binomial distribution. Binomial distribution.
Regular Markov chains.
Mean and variance of the binomial distribution. Mean and variance of the binomial distribution.
Initial state probability matrices.

Calculation of steady state and long-term probabilities by

repeated multiplication of the transition matrix or by
solving a system of linear equations.
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SL 4.9* SL 4.9*
The normal distribution and curve. The normal distribution and curve.
Properties of the normal distribution. Properties of the normal distribution.
Diagrammatic representation. Diagrammatic representation.
Normal probability calculations. Normal probability calculations.
Inverse normal calculations. Inverse normal calculations.

SL 4.10
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, rs. SL 4.10
Equation of the regression line of x on y.
Awareness of the appropriateness and limitations of
Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient and Use of this equation for prediction purposes.
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and the effect of
outliers on each.
SL 4.11
Formulation of null and alternative hypotheses, H0 and H1.
Significance levels.
p-values.;
Expected and observed frequencies.

The test for independence: contingency tables, degrees SL 4.11

of freedom, critical value. Formal definition and use of the formulae:
P( A ∩ B )
The goodness of fit test. P( A B ) = for conditional probabilities, and
P( B )
The t-test.
Use of the p-value to compare the means of two popula- P( A=
B ) P=
( A) P ( A B ') for independent events.
tions.

Using one-tailed and two-tailed tests.

SL 4.12
Standardization of normal variables (z-values).
Inverse normal calculations where mean and standard
deviation are unknown.

AHL 5.12
SL 5.1* AHL 5.9 SL 5.1*
Topic 5: Calculus

Informal understanding of continuity and differentiability

Introduction to the concept of a limit. The derivatives of sin x, cos x, tan x, ex, ln x, xn where Introduction to the concept of a limit.
of a function at a point.
n∈ .
Derivative interpreted as gradient function and as rate of Derivative interpreted as gradient function and as rate of
change. The chain rule, product rule and quotient rules. change. Understanding of limits (convergence and divergence).
Related rates of change.
Definition of derivative from first principles
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f ( x + h) − f ( x )
f ′( x) = lim .
h →0 h
Higher derivatives.
AHL 5.13
AHL 5.10 f ( x)
SL 5.2* SL 5.2* The evaluation of limits of the form lim and
The second derivative. x→a g ( x)
Increasing and decreasing functions. Increasing and decreasing functions.
f ( x)
Graphical interpretation of f ′( x ) > 0, f ′( x ) = 0, f ′( x ) < 0. Use of second derivative test to distinguish between a Graphical interpretation of f ′( x ) > 0, f ′( x ) = 0, f ′( x ) < 0. lim using l’Hôpital’s Rule.
x →∞ g ( x)
maximum and a minimum point.
Repeated use of l’Hôpital’s rule.
AHL 5.11
Definite and indefinite integration of x n where n ∈  , AHL 5.14
SL 5.3* SL 5.3*
1 Implicit differentiation.
Derivative
= of f ( x) ax
= n
is f ' ( x) anx n −1 , n ∈  including n = -1 , sin x, cos x, and ex. Derivative
= of f ( x) ax
= n
is f ' ( x) anx n −1 , n ∈ 
cos 2 x
The derivative of functions of the form: The derivative of functions of the form: Related rates of change.
Integration by inspection, or substitution of the form
f ( x) =ax n + bx n −1 + ...., where n ∈  . f ( x) =ax n + bx n −1 + ...., where n ∈  . Optimisation problems.
∫ f ( g ( x)) g ′( x)dx
.
AHL 5.15
tan x, sec x, cosecx, cot x, a x , log a x,
AHL 5.12 Derivatives of:
Area of the region enclosed by a curve and the x -axis or arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x
SL 5.4*
SL 5.4* y -axis in a given interval. Indefinite integrals of the derivatives of any of the above
Tangents and normals at a given point, and their
Tangents and normals at a given point, and their equations. functions.
equations.
volumes of revolution about the x -axis or y -axis. The composites of any of these with a linear function.

Use of partial fractions to rearrange the integrand.

SL 5.5* SL 5.5*
Introduction to integration as anti-differentiation of Introduction to integration as anti-differentiation of
functions of the form f ( x) =ax n + bx n −1 + ...., where functions of the form f ( x) =ax n + bx n −1 + ...., where
AHL 5.16
n ∈ , n ≠ − 1 . n ∈ , n ≠ − 1 . Integration by substitution.
AHL 5.13
Definite integrals using technology. Kinematic problems involving displacement s , velocity v Definite integrals using technology. Integration by parts.
and acceleration a .
Areas between a curve y = f ( x) and the x-axis, where Areas between a curve y = f ( x) and the x-axis, where
f ( x) > 0 . f ( x) > 0 . Repeated integration by parts.
Anti-differentiation with a boundary condition to Anti-differentiation with a boundary condition to
determine the constant term. determine the constant term.
SL 5.6
Derivative of x n (n ∈ ),sin x, cos x, e x and ln x .
SL 5.6 AHL 5.17
AHL 5.14 Differentiation of a sum and a multiple of these functions. Area of the region enclosed by a curve and the y -axis in a
Values of x where the gradient of a curve is zero.
Setting up a model/differential equation from a context.
The chain rule for composite functions. given interval.
Solution of f '( x) = 0 .
Solving by separation of variables
Local maximum and minimum points. Volumes of revolution about the x -axis or y -axis.
The product and quotient rules.
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AHL 5.18
First order differential equations.

dy
Numerical solution of = f ( x, y ) using Euler’s method.
dx
SL 5.7
SL 5.7 AHL 5.15 The second derivative. Variables separable.
Optimization problems in context. Slope fields and their diagrams. Graphical behaviour of functions, including the dy  y
relationship between the graphs of f , f ′ and f ′′ . Homogeneous differential equation = f   using
dx x
the substitution y = vx .

Solution of y′ + P ( x) y =
Q( x) , using the integrating
factor.
AHL 5.16
Euler’s method for finding the approximate solution to first SL 5.8 AHL 5.19
order differential equations. Local maximum and minimum points. Maclaurin series to obtain expansions for
dy e x , sin x, cos x, ln(1 + x), (1 + x) p , p ∈  .
SL 5.8 Numerical solution of = f ( x, y ) . Testing for maximum and minimum.
Approximating areas using the trapezoidal rule. dx Use of simple substitution, products, integration and
Optimization. differentiation to obtain other series.
Numerical solution of the coupled system
dx dy Points of inflexion with zero and non-zero gradients. Maclaurin series developed from differential equations.
= f= 1 ( x, y , t ) and f 2 ( x, y , t )
dt dt .
AHL 5.17
Phase portrait for the solutions of coupled differential
equations of the form:

SL 5.9
Kinematic problems involving displacement s, velocity v,
. acceleration a and total distance travelled.
Qualitative analysis of future paths for distinct, real, com-
plex and imaginary eigenvalues.
Sketching trajectories and using phase portraits to identify
key features such as equilibrium points, stable populations
and saddle points.
SL 5.10
1
Indefinite integral of x n (n ∈ ),sin x, cos x, , and e x .
x
The composites of any of these with the linear function
AHL 5.18 .
d 2x dx
Solutions of 2
= f ( x, , t ) by Euler’s method. Integration by inspection (reverse chain rule) or by
dt dt
substitution for expressions of the form:

.
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SL Content Additional HL Content SL Content Additional HL Content

SL 5.11
Definite integrals, including analytical approach.

Areas between a curve y = f ( x) and the x-axis, where

f ( x) can be positive or negative, without the use of
technology.
Areas between curves.
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Comparison of Analysis HL to Mathematics HL core

Comparison of Applications SL to MSSL Comparison of Analysis SL to Mathematics SL (2012 option in yellow)
- number sets (now prior knowledge) - all vectors - Poisson distribution
Subtractions

- currency conversion - volumes of revolution

- all logic (20 hours)
- most set theory (some now prior knowledge)

+ extension of binomial theorem to

+ sigma notation + simple deductive proof
fractional/negative powers
+ amortization & annuities with technology (was
+ regression + partial fractions
unwritten in MSSL)
+ t test + x on y regression line equation + de Moivre's Theorem for rational exponents

+ general probability distributions (was unwritten + rational functions of quadratic/linear or

+ more time on basics of number, functions, trig, calc
in MSSL) linear/quadratic

+ binomial distribution + graph of f(linear) function and [f]^2

Additions

+ more sophisticated correlation coefficient

+ concepts in sampling
(Spearman’s)
+ extension of chi squared to best fit + concepts in displaying data
+ equation of perpendicular bisectors (was
+ correlation and regression
unwritten in MSSL)
+ Voronoi diagrams + differential equations
+ increased focus on functions as models and what
+ Maclaurin series
models mean, trig models
+ basic integration