LIVING IN THE I.T.

ERA

Prepared by:
Prof. SIDNEY BUENAVENTURA
Prof. RENZ BALDERAMA
Prof. KT. V. FORTUNY, MSICT
Prof. ROBINSON E. JOAQUIN. MIT
Prof. ANN CAMILLE M. MAUPAY, MIT
Prof. MARK ANTHONY S. MERCADO, MIT
Prof. CHARITO M. MOLINA, MIT
Prof. ANTWAUN SISON
Prof. SHERLY DELA MERCED
Prof. SHE PAMINTUAN
 UNIT V:
The Internet and its components
Introduction

Week 9 to 10 Unit 5:
This presentation include discussion of the importance and use of the Internet.

At the end of the lesson, the student are expected to:

• Learn the importance of the Internet and World Wide Web
• Learn different kinds of protocols
• Understand the VOIP
• Learn different kinds of browser
What is Internet

• The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world.
• In order to connect to the Internet, the user must have access to an Internet service provider (ISP),
which acts the middleman between user and the Internet.
• It is that infrastructure that lets you order the weekly shop, share your life on Facebook, watch on
Netflix, email your boss etc.
• As of January 2021, there were 4.66 billion active internet users worldwide
World Wide Web

• A collection of webpages found on this network of computers. Your web browser uses the
internet to access the web.
• The Web is not the same as the Internet: the Web is one of many applications built on top of
the Internet.
Brief History of the Internet
During the 1960s, the US defense Department made an experiment that led them to the development of connected computer networks that should work as a
coordinated whole. Their purpose was to help their scientist and researchers from widely dispersed areas work as if they were in one place by sharing files and resources.

A “Cold War” existed at that time, and networks were not secured from enemy attack. Whenever a single server failed, the entire network failed. Their solution
was to build a “bombproof” network, one that would be operational even when other parts of the network were shut down.

From the requirement, the Defense Department created the ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) in 1969. It was an experimental
network based on packet-switching techniques. The result was that when a part of it failed, information found a new route with the help of surviving parts.

ARPANET’s success led to its widespread growth as more government agencies, universities, and research institutions joined the network. The ARPANET
became the forerunner of today’s Internet.

October 24, 1995, the Federal Network Council (FNC) passed a resolution defining the term INTERNET. This definition was developed with consultation from
the leadership of the Intellectual Property Right (IPR) communities.

Today, while some early networks were decommissioned, much larger and faster networks came into existence.
Brief History of the Internet

Audio Video Presentation

Components of the internet.
What is the use of the server?

• A server is a software or hardware device that accepts and responds to requests made over a network.
• The device that makes the request, and receives a response from the server, is called a client.
• When the servers fail, they can cause the network users and company many problems.
Components of the Internet
Types of Servers

Application Server - a program in a computer that provides the business logic for an application program.

Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.

Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as computer and another server from which a
user is requesting.

Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote senders and forward outgoing e-mail for
delivery.

File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so that other computer on the same network
can access them.

Policy Server – is a security component of a policy –based network that provides authorization services and facilitates tracking and
control of files.
Major Protocols

• In networking, a protocol is a standardized way of

doing certain actions and formatting data so that two
or more devices can communicate with and
understand each other.

There are 5 common protocols when browsing on the

internet:
a. Internet Protocol
b. HTTP/HTTPS
c. SMTP
d. FTP
e. VoIP
Internet Protocol

• The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and addressing packets of data so that
they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination.
• IP information is attached to each packet, and this information helps routers to send packets to the right
place.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol

• An HTTP request is the way internet

communications platforms such as web
browsers ask for the information, they need to
load a website.

• A typical flow over HTTP involves a client

machine making a request to a server, which
then sends a response message.
HTTP VS HTTPS
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

• This is the protocol used for sending e-mail

over the Internet.

• An application that is used to send, receive,

and relay outgoing emails between senders
and receivers.

• When an email is sent, it's transferred over

the internet from one server to another
using SMTP.
File Transfer Protocol

• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard

Internet protocol for transmitting files
between computers on the Internet
over TCP/IP connections.

• A client-server protocol that relies on two

communications channels between client
and server: a command channel for
controlling the conversation and a data
channel for transmitting file content.
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

• A technology that allows you to make voice calls using

a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular
phone line.

• VoIP services convert your voice into a digital signal

that travels over the Internet.
IP Address

• An address of your network hardware. It helps in connecting your computer to other devices on your
network and all over the world.
• IP Address is made up of numbers or characters
• There are two IP versions, IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 is the older version which has a space of over 4 billion IP
addresses.
Two types of IP Address

• Public - Your public IP address is the main IP address to which your home or business network is connected. This IP address
connects you to the world, and it’s unique for all users.

• Private - A private IP address is the address of your device connected on the home or business network. This IP address cannot be
accessed from devices outside your home or business network.

IP ADDRESS (Internet Protocol) is a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides identity to a networked device

Example of an IP address: 72.14.207.99

(an IP Address usually consist of four groups of numbers.

The number in each group is between 0 and 255.)

*the first portion of IP address –NETWORK

**the second portion of IP address – SPECIFIC DEVICE

What is the importance of Domain Name Server?

• Domain Name System (or Service) is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.
• Because domain names are alphabetic, they're easier to remember. The Internet, however, is really based
on IP addresses.
Components of the Internet
DNS (Domain Name System)

The Domain Name System is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the
Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities.

Examples of DNS: Name Entity

TOP LEVEL DOMAINS
.com Commercial
www.facebook.com
.org Organization

www.teachingenglish.org.uk .net Network

.edu Educational
www.depedtambayan.ph .gov National and State Government Agencies

www.academia.edu .ph Philippines

.au Australia

.kr South Korea

Anatomy of the URL
Anatomy of the URL

The protocol declares how your web browser should communicate with a web server when sending or fetching a web page or document.
The most common protocol is http which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

A subdomain is a sub-division of the main domain name.

A domain name is a unique reference that identifies a web site on the internet

The port number is rarely visible in URLs but always required.

The path typically refers to a file or directory on the web server, e.g. /directory/file.php.

A query is commonly found in the URL of dynamic pages (ones which are generated from database or user-generated content) and is
represented by a question mark followed by one or more parameters.

A parameters are snippets of information found in the query string of a URL.

A fragment is an internal page reference, sometimes called a named anchor.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• An internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides web access to both businesses and
consumers.
• Data may be transmitted using several technologies, including dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or
dedicated high-speed interconnects.
• Today, ISPs are usually cable companies or telecommunications companies that offer Internet
subscriptions in addition to TV or mobile communications services.

Two Types Of ISP’s

National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic areas.

•Regional ISP – business that provides internet access

in cities and towns nationwide.

Web browser

• A web browser, is an application used to access and view websites.

• The primary function of a web browser is to render HTML, the code used to design or "mark
up" webpages.
• Each time a browser loads a web page, it processes the HTML, which may include text, links
Different types of web browser

A few decades back, Internet Explorer was the

only option people had. Now we don’t see
many people using IE.

Here is the example of most used web

browsers in today’s generation.
a. Google Chrome
b. Safari
c. Mozilla Firefox
d. Opera
Chat Messaging

• The first online chat system was called Talkomatic, created by Doug Brown and David R. Woolley in 1973.
• Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission
of text messages from sender to receiver.
• Chat messages are generally short in order to enable other participants to respond quickly.
• Real-time text transmission
Chat and Instant Messaging

Chat and instant messaging (IM) are short messages sent and read in real time, allowing you to converse more quickly and easily than email.

Chat and IM are generally used when both (or all) people are online, so your message can be read immediately. By comparison, an email message
won't be seen until the recipient checks his email, meaning that chat and IM are better for quick messages and conversations.

Chat vs. IM

The terms chat and IM are sometimes used interchangeably. However, they can have slightly different meanings:

Chat often occurs in a virtual chat room, which can include many different people who may or may not know each other. Many chat rooms focus on
a particular topic or interest.

IM usually includes a list of your contacts, called a Buddy List or Friend List, which allows you to see who is online. IM is especially suited for one-on-
one communication, but it's possible to send messages to multiple people at once. IM is technically a kind of chat, and some IM services use the
term "chat" instead.
Netiquette
The social issues surrounding the use of ICT devices have resulted in the need for “netiquette,” which is a portmanteau of the words
“Internet” and “etiquette

LIST OF NETIQUETTE COMMANDMENTS

1. Remember the human. You are communicating which another human being. On the other end of the internet, someone who has feelings like you do.

2. Adhere to the same standards of the behavior online that follow in your life.

3. Know where you are in cyber space.

4. Respect other people’s time and bandwidth.

5. Make yourself look good online.

6.Share expert advice.

7. Help keep the flame wars and under control

8. Respect others people privacy.

9. Don’t abuse your power.

10. Be forgiving of other people’s mistake.

11. The use of all caps is considered shouting.

Netiquette

• Basic Rules of Internet Etiquette

a. Make Real People a Priority
b. Use Respectful Language
c. Share With Discretion
d. Respond to Emails Promptly
e. Choose Friends Wisely
f. Don't Email Large Files
g. Respect People's Privacy
h. Fact Check Before Reposting