i

FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC RULES IMPLEMENTED BY

TRANSPORTATION AND MANAGEMENT CENTER (CTTMC),
COTABATO CITY

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the faculty of

Headstart College of Cotabato,
Cotabato City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BS Crim)

By:

ALLADIN U. MANGAYAT
ALLADIN A. MARAGUIAR
ASHIAM MANIBPEL

MAY 2024
 ii

APPROVAL SHEET

In Final Fulfilment of the thesis requirements for the degree of Bachelor

of Science in Criminology, entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC
RULES IMPLEMENTED BY TRANSPORTATION AND MANAGEMENT
CENTER (CTTMC), COTABATO CITY.” Submitted by ALLADIN U.
MANGAYAT, ALLADIN A. MARAGUIAR, and ASHIAM MANIBPEL, are
hereby recommended for its corresponding oral examination.

SAMAD B. ANONG, RCrim,MSCJ

Adviser

APPROVED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the program,

Bachelor of Science in Criminology with grade ___________.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

FARISHA S. MATELINDO,LPT, MAED

Chairman

ROLLY L. H.SULAIMAN,RCRIM,MPA
Member

ACCEPTED AND APPROVED as a partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

SAMAD B. ANONG, RCrim, MSCJ

Dean, Criminology Department
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praise is due to Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Benevolent for

letting us through all the difficulties. We have experienced His guidance day

by day. He is the one who let me finish our degree and the One who will be

our anchor to our future endeavors.

We would also like to acknowledge and give our warmest thanks to our

supervisor Sir SAMAD B. ANONG, RCrim,MSCJ who made this work

possible. Your guidance and advice carried us through all the stages of

making this research.

We would also like to thank the panel of examiners Ma’am ROLLY L.

H.SULAIMAN,RCrim, and Ma’am FARISHA S. MATELINDO, LPT, for

letting our defense be an enjoyable moment, and for your brilliant comments

and suggestions, thanks to you.

Finally, we would like to extend our gratitude to our families who have

been supportive all throughout this journey. This will not be possible without

you. Your prayers were what sustained us this far.

ALLADIN U. MANGAYAT
ALLADIN A. MARAGUIAR
ASHIAM MANIBPEL
Researchers
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DEDICATION

To the experiences we never expected, and the paths that were redirected.
To our beloved families who made this thesis happen.
To the friends and family, we found along the way.
And most especially to our Almighty God, Allah SWT.
This Research is dedicated to you.

ALLADIN U. MANGAYAT
ALLADIN A. MARAGUIAR
ASHIAM MANIBPEL
Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ABSTRACT iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF FIGURE vii

CHAPTER

1. INTRODUCTION
Rationale……………………………………………………………………1

Research Objective………………………………………………………..2

Scope and Delimitation of the Study…………………………………….3

Review of Related Literature……………………………………………..3

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………..11

Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………..12

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………12

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………..13

2. METHOD

Research Design………………………………………………………….14

Research Locale………………………………………………………….14

Research Respondents………………………………………………….14

Research Instrument……………………………………………………..14

Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………….15

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Statistical Treatment of Data…………………………………………….15

3. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND
RECOMMENDATION OF THE STUDY

Restatement of the Problem and Methodology………………………..21

Summary of the Findings………………………………………………...22

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………23

Recommendations………………………………………………………..23

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………

APPENDIX

A. Letter to the Barangay…………………………………………

B. Letter to the Respondent………………………………………

C. Survey Questionnaire………………………………………….

CURRICULUM VITAE
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LIST OF TABLES

FIGURE Title

Page

1 A schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Model

Table

Number

Age Distribution of the Respondents

1 Civil Status of the Respondents

2 Educational Attainment of the Respondents

3 Mean Rating of the Study of the Level of

Awareness on RA 9262
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Traffic Rules remains one of the biggest problems in this day and age.

Traffic rules and regulations are very important to enable the safety and

convenience of individuals and to prevent damages and casualties among

individuals. Road users usually experienced poor implementation of traffic

rules and regulations by traffic enforcers who may be lack knowledge about

traffic management.

Implementation of Traffic Laws related to so many studies with different

factors. However, the study of Ogombe and Nyonje (2016) revealed that the

relationship was deemed statistically important by the compliance of Traffic

Laws and the application of pedestrian safety regulations. They also claimed

that an increase in the enforcement of Traffic Laws would lead to a statistically

significant improvement in the application of the rules on pedestrian safety.

Also, (Ngui, 2014) stated that there is a positive relationship between the

implementation and enforcement of Traffic Laws as perceived by drivers and

pedestrians. Moreover, Ngui (2014) also claimed that there is a clear

relationship between the enforcement and implementation of Traffic Laws and

road traffic regulations and that there is the highest positive correlation value.

(Ngui, 2014).

In Global, Traffic congestion is a global concern. The delays and

unreliability present a severe threat to economic growth, productivity,

environmental sustainability, and liveability of city regions. The increase in

world population and the upgrade of social classes contribute to traffic

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congestion. Compressive traffic schemes and special laws from concerned

national agencies and infrastructure spending are unaccounted for in

providing short and long-term benefits in decongesting roads, highways, and

routes. The failure of concerned agencies to properly implement traffic rules

and regulations, which become irrelevant over time due to the constantly

changing setting, is one of the contributing factors to traffic congestion.

Severe traffic affects the vital role of Cities in the development of the country.

In Philippines, particularly in Cagayan. Heavy traffic presents a

serious threat. Diring traffic congestion in the city, thousands of commuters

end up late at work, emergencies are not addressed at the soonest possible

time, air pollution is getting worse and economic activities are interrupted.

One of the key factors involved in decongesting roads, is an effective

implementation body that will implement the necessary traffic rules and

ordinances provided by the local government. Hence, the study aims to

provide significant perceptions on the crucial role of effective implementation

of traffic management, highlight the problems in the implementation of traffic

management in the City, recommend solutions, and utilize future related

issues in a continuously changing setting, with the participation of the people

to effectively address the traffic problems and promote a progressive medium-

sized city and a healthy environment.

In Cotabato City, traffic law enforcement remains one of the biggest

problems in this day. Traffic rules and regulations are very important to enable

the safety and convenience of individuals and to prevent damages and

casualties among individuals. The City of Cotabato is the center of

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Establishment and

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real estate properties are arising in the City’s economic belts propelling traffic

congestion to rise in the coming years which would result in negative

environmental issues.

The importance of the study is to find out the factors affecting the

implementation of traffic rules by the Transportation and Management Center

(CTTMC), Cotabato City, and know the existing or implemented traffic laws as

well as the traffic violations done by the motorists and also to know the

immediate possible solutions of the worsening traffic circumstances.

Research Objective

Generally, the main objective of the study is to determine the Factors

Affecting Traffic Rules Implemented by Transportation and Management

Center (CTTMC), Cotabato City.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. To know the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Civil status

1.4 Religion

1.5 Educational Attainment

2. To determine the factors affecting traffic rules implementing by

Transportation and Management Center (CTTMC), Cotabato City.

3. To determine the actions taken by the Head of CTTMC in order to help

in solving the problem.

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Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study will focus on the factors affecting the implementation of

traffic rules by the random traffic enforcers in Transportation and Management

Center (CTTMC), Cotabato City. However, this study is also open for any

suggestion and recommendation in the solution of preventing the gather

responses of sample respondents in period of 2023-2024.

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

According to the 2018 report from the World Health Organization

(WHO, 2018) on road safety, traffic accidents caused 1.35 million deaths in

2016. This trend shows that the number of traffic deaths is well above the

sustainable development goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations. Road

traffic accidents have also been ranked among the 10 main causes of death

worldwide and come immediately after diabetes mellitus. Vulnerable road

users account for 50% of the deaths (WHO, 2018). Saudi Arabia is a high-

income country with a high vehicle ownership rate per 1,000 habitants

(Who,2018).

According to Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019,

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are among the life-threatening issues facing

rural as well as sub-/urban communities. Several factors contribute to RTAs

ranging from human to technical and natural/environmental impacts.

Anthropogenic air pollution and corresponding environmental factors also

increase the probability of RTAs. Current study reports the relationship of the
 5

weather conditions to RTAs. The study establishes the relevancy of different

weather conditions like rainfall, temperature, fog, and wind storm with the

incidences of RTAs in rural and urban settings of Vehari, Punjab—Pakistan.

The results of the study showed that rainfall, severe coldness, fog, and heat

conditions were directly related with the occurrence of RTAs. The percentage

of RTAs which occurred due to fog, rainfall, temperature, and other weather-

related factors was 34, 25, 21, and 20%, respectively. The age of the driver

significantly correlated (R2 = 0.60) with RTAs; the drivers in the age group 40–

60 years caused the least RTAs during their drive. Since the smaller vehicles

were involved in maximum RTAs, it relates negatively (R2 = 0.82) to vehicle’s

power. Among different vehicles, motorbikes were involved in most (42%) of

the reported RTAs. Therefore, during severe weather conditions, vehicles with

smaller sizes and young drivers must be dealt with carefully while interacting

(crossing, overtaking, and maneuvering) on the roads regardless of rural or

urban conditions. Factors including civic sense, traffic education, vehicle size,

drivers’ maturity, road conditions, and environmental impacts may be

considered while designing traffic rules and traffic awareness campaigns

specific to developing countries such as Pakistan.

In Kasbit Journal of Management & Social Science 2012, an attempt

has been made to investigate the factors of traffic jam in Karachi and find out

their impact on the performance of the economy. Previous studies highlight

the same field but rapid changes in the infrastructure of Karachi city and the

growing population raise the demand for more facilities, space and vehicles. It

became a vital challenge for city to manage the flow of traffic as per routine

and design the ways through which problems can rectify and minimize the
 6

future problems. In this study exploratory approach has been used and

primary data was collected through various methods and techniques which

helpful to investigate in the subject matter. The qualitative research study

conducted via one to one interviews from citizens of Karachi along with the

structured questions. Researcher’s observation and experience work as a

catalyst to analyze the factual finding appropriately. The results of data have

been critically examined from prospective. This study concluded the key

issues for traffic jam is the non-availability of long term planning by traffic

management which leaves negative impact on the performance of the

economy is clearly exposed. It is recommended that factors indicated in this

research may be rectified and remedial measurement may be taken to control

these responsible factors which will creates better performance of economy.

University of Nairobi 2014, the purpose of this paper was to investigate

the strategies used to implement traffic regulations within the public transport

sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study focused majorly on NTSA,

Matatu Sacco Officials, PSV Drivers and Passengers as the most appropriate

strategic areas that the government uses to implement the traffic regulations

in the transport sector. The study analyzed the response rate of NTSA

Officers, Matatu Sacco officials, PSV drivers, passengers and pedestrians

with regard to transport regulations. The study employed a descriptive

research design and the target population was drawn from the stakeholders

within public transport sector in Nairobi City County. In addition, the study

adopted stratified random sampling where the population of interest was

divided into three strata depending on the area of service. This study used

primary data, before processing the responses and completed questionnaires

 7

were edited for completeness and consistency. A content analysis and

descriptive analysis was employed. The content analysis was used to analyse

the respondents’ views about the extent to which Matatu Sacco officials, PSV

Drivers and passengers influence transport sector. The data was coded to

enable the responses to be grouped into various categories. Descriptive

statistics such as means and standard deviation were used to help in data

analysis. Tables and other graphical presentations as appropriate were used

to present the data collected for ease of understanding and analysis. Further,

correlation and regression analysis was conducted to study the relationship

between NTSA Officers, Matatu Sacco officials, PSV Drivers and passengers

and implementation of traffic regulations. The study established that NTSA

Officers, Matatu Sacco officials, PSV Drivers and passengers are the major

strategies that the government has employed in implementing road traffic

regulations within Nairobi City County and the study further established that

NTSA Officers, Matatu Sacco officials, PSV Drivers and passengers positively

influences implementation of road traffic regulations in Nairobi City County.

The study offered recommendations of which if implemented by the relevant

Government agencies would bring normalcy and regulate the runaway public

transport services within Nairobi country.

Road fatalities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are a cause of

concern. In 2016, more than 9,000 road fatalities were recorded in Saudi

Arabia (WHO, 2018), meaning that, in the kingdom, one person dies per hour

due to traffic accidents. Traffic accidents cause not only fatalities but also

disabilities and economic losses (Al-Jadid, 2013; DeNicola et al., 2016; Xu et

al., 2020). They have been deemed to be the key contributor to fractures
 8

(Abdullah et al., 2013; Al-Bokhamseen & Al-Bodbaij, 2019; AlGhadouni et al.,

2019; Babu & Vedagiri, 2018). Moreover, the effects of these accidents touch

not only the drivers but also their family and society (Gad et al., 2010). In

2010, in the Qassim region alone, more than 4,232 injuries and 1,054 deaths

occurred (Barrimah et al., 2012) conducted in the eastern region of Saudi

Arabia by Khan et al. (2010) reported the common and uncommon reasons

for road traffic accidents. The common reasons included excess speed,

disobeying traffic laws, carelessness, and fatigue, whereas the uncommon

causes included a lack of driving schools, underage driving, having children in

laps when driving, the use of mobile phones, and a lack of patience. Issa

(2016) examined the factors that contributed to road accidents in Tabuk city

and found that drivers’ age and educational level are related to traffic

accidents, that is, young drivers and highly educated drivers were highly

involved in accidents. The study conducted in Aboudhabi, UAE, by Alkheder

(2016) revealed that speed is the major cause of accidents, whereas seat

belts are the primary human factor that causes accident manifestation. A

study conducted in Arar (Saudi Arabia) revealed that youngsters (below 20

years old) have the highest accident rate. The contributing factors to road

accidents, in ascending order, are running red li8ghts, illegal parking, and

speeding (Alshammari et al., 2017). Road traffic accidents have continued to

be one of the greatest challenges not only in Kenya but globally.

The World Health Organization accident statistics indicate that globally,

an estimated 1.2 million people are killed annually through road traffic

accidents and millions more are injured or disabled. Besides creating

enormous social and economic losses to individuals, families and

 9

communities, road traffic accidents place a heavy burden on health services

and economic development. Kenya loses an average of 3000 lives through

traffic accidents annually and more than ten times this number end up partially

or totally disabled. Some of the accidents recorded in Kenya over the past

years are very grisly, with some claiming entire families. While efforts are

being made at global level to address road traffic accidents, Kenya though

trying is yet to come up with elaborate measures that can help address this

menace effective and safeguard lives of people who use public service

vehicles.

One of the landmark interventions at the global level aimed at

addressing road safety challenges was the declaration of the years 2011-

2020 as a Decade of Action on Road Safety by the United Nations in March

2010 though the UN General Assembly Resolution 64/255. In 2004 the

revised traffic rules were introduced in the effort of restoring order in Public

transport. Kenya’s road safety status remains one of the worst not only in

Africa, but globally. This is in spite of the fact that Kenya has a very low level

of motorization compared to that of developed economies. The purpose of the

study was to establish influence of implementation of the revised traffic rules

on road accidents in transport sector in Nairobi County by assessing how use

of seat belts, speed governors, overloading and use of defined routes by

PSVs influences road accidents in Nairobi County, Kenya. The design used is

mixed model as it integrates quantitative and qualitative data through a

transformative process. The study had a target population of 1,856618 and a

sample size of 443 Quota sampling technique was used to collect data from

the respondents and questionnaires were used as research instruments.

 10

Primary data collection method was used whereby the questionnaires

were administered to the respondents by hand delivery and after the specified

time collected them and analysed the data. The collected data was sorted

mathematically and organized for easy analysis. The data was then

processed, coded, analysed and the results presented in form of tables

whereby 79.5% disagreed that use of functional seat belts helped in reduction

of traffic road accidents, 72.3% disagreed that all PSVs are fitted with

functional speed governors, 83.2% disagreed that all PSVs carry specified

number of passengers and 49% disagreed that all PSVs follow their defined

routes. The findings of the study shows that use functional seat belts, quality

speed governors, stoppage of overloading and use defined routes had a

possibility of providing a long lasting solution to the road carnage but the issue

was politicized and lacked enough stakeholders support hence not fully

implemented. The study confirms that the implementation of the revised traffic

rules could help reduce road accidents and recommends that the government

of Kenya should show commitment and determination in addressing

increased deaths on the Kenyan roads by fully implementing the revised

traffic rules, that all stakeholders should be involved in making decisions

relating to the industry as well as ensuring regular vehicle inspection. The

study due to time and financial constraints could not exhaust all factors

causing traffic roads accidents not only in Nairobi County but other parts of

the country thus providing suggestions for further research.

Local Literature

According to Rodiel L Rodriguez, Jan Tricia B Villamaria, Marvin I

Noroña, road accidents is one of the highest causes of morbidity and fatality
 11

in the Philippines. The number of vehicular accidents has been on a rising

trend, doubled from 63,072 incidents in 2007 to 116,906 in 2018. According to

the latest WHO data published in 2018, Road Traffic Accident Deaths in

Philippines reached 10,624 which accounted for 1.74% of total deaths in the

country. The age adjusted Death Rate is 11.40 per 100,000 of population

ranks Philippines# 118 in the world. Road traffic accidents was the 14th

leading cause of death in the Philippines in life expectancy but ranks second

in non-disease-caused deaths next to assault. In Metro Manila or the National

Capital Region, approximately 7,000 Filipinos die every year, and thousands

are disabled because of road traffic accidents. This study was conducted

primarily to assess the factors that affect road traffic accidents and determine

the significant relationships between causal factors and accidents and

propose corresponding strategies to reduce risks of road traffic accidents and

minimize fatal and non-fatal injuries therefrom.

In International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and

Management 2022, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive insight on

road policies in Metro Manila by identifying the number of policies,

distinguishing local policies, national policies, and republic acts, and lastly,

determining challenges on road public transport in the area. Most people do

not really take road policies as scientific issues, but the implementation of

these regulations affects people’s lives as much as any other economic factor;

that is why it is important to conduct research on how to make these systems

better. The findings of this paper significantly contribute to resolving issues of

traffic congestion, road accidents, and violations of road policies in the current

Philippine transportation system, as well as to the improvement of the

 12

country’s economic productivity. Urban development assists growth and

accessibility of cities towards transit mobility which enables urban areas to

seamlessly increase travel within the area. Traffic congestion and long travel

hours are unpleasant as it discourages future economic growth. The study

observes the current road system in Metro Manila and draws conclusions that

can be utilized for the furtherance of today’s policies, in a final goal to improve

the overall urban development of the country.

Frede Morena 2023, investigates the issue of traffic congestion and

management in Zamboanga City, Philippines, from the perspective of public

transport commuters. Through a survey conducted among a representative

sample of commuters, the study aims to shed light on the challenges faced by

commuters in relation to traffic congestion and the effectiveness of existing

management strategies. The findings reveal that traffic congestion in

Zamboanga City significantly impacts public transport commuters, leading to

longer travel times, increased stress levels, and reduced productivity.

Moreover, the study identifies key factors contributing to traffic congestion,

including inadequate road infrastructure, unregulated street parking, and

inefficient traffic flow management. The research also examines the public

transport commuters' viewpoint on the current management strategies

employed in Zamboanga City. The data indicates that commuters perceive a

lack of comprehensive planning and coordination among various

transportation authorities, resulting in ineffective traffic management. Based

on the analysis of the survey data, this research provides recommendations

for improving traffic congestion and management in Zamboanga City. These

include enhancing road infrastructure, implementing stricter parking

 13

regulations, and developing integrated transportation policies. The study

concludes that addressing the concerns of public transport commuters is

crucial for achieving efficient traffic management in Zamboanga City and

improving overall urban mobility.

Ariel Barco Barreda, Lagonoy San Vicente, Camarines Sur, intends to

ascertain the risk factors in traffic accidents in the chosen Municipality in the

Partido Area, Bikol Region VA Y 2019–2022, as well as the degree of traffic

law awareness. This study used document analysis from the records that

were available from the Municipal Police Station of San Jose, Goa, Tigaon,

and Sangay in Partido Area Camarines Sur from 2019 to 2022. This study

employed a quantitative data collection method and a descriptive design to

assess respondents' knowledge of traffic laws. Findings showed that human

variables, such as inattentive drivers, impaired drivers from alcohol or drugs,

weariness, a lack of driver education, and destructive driving, for example,

made up 73.33 percent of the risk factors in road crash events. According to

the respondents'(2.61 WM) knowledge of Philippine traffic laws, it is illegal to

drive while using a cellphone, argue with a passenger, follow a vehicle too

closely, overtake recklessly, listen to music while driving, ignore traffic signs,

lack of skill, and drive without first checking the vehicle. The public safety

office and the law enforcement agency may utilize the study's findings as a

starting point when implementing traffic regulations and ordinances in the

future.

College of Criminology Research Journal 7, 2016, Traffic management

functions directly or indirectly affect the lives of people. The management’s

failure to perform effectively may affect them in terms of security, financial

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status and personal endeavors. This study entitled “Traffic Management in

San Pascual, Batangas” aimed to determine the effectiveness of traffic

management functions of San Pascual, Batangas. It used descriptive data

through pre-survey, interview and self-made questionnaire for Traffic

Management Group Personnel, PNP member, commuters/pedestrians and

motorists. The traffic management function of San Pascual, Batangas was

rated less effective specifically traffic economy, ecology and traffic education.

Respondents assessed the traffic management function of San Pascual,

Batangas differently when grouped according to age, civil status and

educational attainment. Researchers recommended that traffic education

campaign, dialogue, advertisement about recent statistic on traffic and

vehicular accidents maybe provided to update the citizens about present road

conditions while LTO may be strict in giving rigid examination for applic ants

for driver’s license. The proposed plan of action may be utilized after being

approved by the person responsible.

Theoretical Framework

In this research study, we can relate a theory of Adaptation. In this

theory, it tells how people tries to adapt its behaviour to its environment. In

this, we can see that a person will try to fit himself to the road, not minding the

accidents and the traffic rules.

As you can see in the conceptual framework below, the two has its

relationship. The transportation and management center are the one

performing the job to comply with the law. On the other hand, the factors

affecting the traffic rules will affect in this matter.

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Conceptual Framework

According to the researchers, identifying the factors of traffic rules

implemented by Transportation and Management Center (CTTMC), Cotabato

City

On the next page, the study diagram shows the Transportation and

Management Center. These includes the age, gender, civil status, educational

attainment, and religious belief of the respondents.

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Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Factors Transportation
Affecting and Management
Traffic Rules Center
 17

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the institutions, groups, and persons.

Transportation and Management Center, this study may give

additional awareness and knowledge in the various factors affecting the

implementation of traffic rules, which will help them to have more productive

traffic management.

Traffic Enforcers, this may help traffic enforcers to be more proficient

in using appropriate traffic management or measures. It may also help them

to be prepare or aware in the various traffic conflict and its possible solution. If

that so, traffic law application will be more effective.

Road User, it may help them to become more responsible and

respectful in following traffic law or road safety rules and regulation. Hence, it

may help them to prevent any serious road accidents and injuries, not just for

the driver but even for the passengers and pedestrians.

Future Researchers, this study may help them to serve as their basis

and guide to the future study. So that it may become more reliable and

objectives.

Definition of Terms
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The following terms were defined operationally and lexically as they are

used in the present study.

Implementation - is the action that must follow any preliminary

thinking for something to actually happen.

Pedestrian - is a place designated for pedestrians to cross a road,

street or avenue.

Traffic Rules – refers to driving laws put in place by the government to

regulate or control the attitude of all road users to achieve an orderly and free

flow of traffic.

Transportation - is a way of movement of human beings and goods

from one place to another.

Traffic Management Center - to monitors and controls traffic and the

road network.

Traffic Enforcement - is the planning and control of traffic from one

location to another.

Traffic Law - are the laws which regulate vehicles and other traffic

including pedestrians, animals and other conveyances.

Traffic Congestion - is a condition in transport that is characterized by

slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing.

Traffic Regulation - as the rules and regulations which guide the

behavior or action of road users.

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Chapter II

METHOD

This chapter presents the method used in the study. It discusses the

research design, research locale, research respondents, research instrument,

data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study utilized the quantitative design ingathering personal

determination of factors affecting traffic rules implemented by Transportation

and Management Center (CTTMC), Cotabato City.

Research Locale

This research study will be conducted at the Office of the

Transportation and Management Center. This is the best place to conduct the

research study, since the respondents is there.

Research Respondents

The respondents of the study were the traffic enforcer and head of

Transportation and Management Center (CTTMC), Cotabato City.

Research Instrument

This research study will be based on the survey questionnaires, in

which data will be collected for the objectives of the study. The research is

based on the study of factors affecting traffic rules implemented by

transportation and management center. The choice of survey questionnaire

 20

motivated by the following factors; first, it provides a wide range of collecting

data. Secondly, it provides a strong data reliability.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers of this study draft a survey questionnaire and

validated by research adviser. Upon approval to conduct a survey, the

researchers draft a letter to ask permission to the Transportation and

Management Center to conduct a study.

Upon approval, the researchers will conduct and distribute the survey

questionnaire to the respondents. The researchers will give a brief instructions

and allotted time to answer the survey questionnaire. After answering the

survey questionnaire, the researches will collect the data gather and the

results of the study will be identified by the experts.

Statistical Treatment of Data

This research study will utilized desctriptive statistics such as

frequency, percentage, and mean to determine the factors affecting the traffic

rules implemented by transportation and management center.

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CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, the analysis and interpretation of the

data gathered from the survey questionnaires answer.

Socio-demographic Profile of the Respondents

Thirty (30) respondents are the subjects of this research.

The thirty respondents are traffic enforcer from Transportation and

Management Center.

The respondents were described based on their name, age, gender,

civil status, religion, and educational attainment.

Age

Table 1 shows that, six of the respondents were age 23 to 27, with the

frequency of 6 and a percentage of 20%. Another six respondents age from

28 to 32, with a frequency of 6, and a percentage of 20%. Four respondents

age from 33 to 37, with a frequency of 4, and a percentage of 13.33%.

another four respondents age from 38 to 42, with a frequency of 4, and a

percentage of 13.33%. Three respondents age from 49 to 53, with a

frequency of 3, and a percentage of 10%. 54 and above has the lowest, with a

frequency of 2, and a percentage of 6.6%. The thirty respondents were

divided based on their age.

 22

Table 1

Frequency Distribution of Respondents’ Age

Age Frequency Percentage

18-22 0 0%

23-27 6 20%

28-32 6 20%

33-37 4 13.33%

38-42 4 13.33%

43-48 5 16.66%

49-53 3 10%

54 Above 2 6.66%

Total 30 100%

Gender

Table 2 shows that, the thirty respondents were all male, with a

frequency of 30, and a percentage of 100%.

This signifies that, all of the respondents of this research were male

students.

Table 2

Distribution of Respondents’ Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 30 100%

Female 0 0%

Total 30 100%
 23

Civil Status

Table 3 shows that, 26 of the respondents were married, with a

frequency of 30, and percentage of 86.66%. Single has a total of 4

respondents, with a frequency of 4, and percentage of 13.33%

Table 3

Distribution of Respondents’ Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 4 13.33%

Married 26 86.66%

Widowed 0 0%

Separated 0 0%

Total 30 100%

Religion

Table 4 shows that, 27 of the respondents is Islam Religion, with a

frequency of 27 and percentage of 90%. Catholic Religion has three

respondents with frequency of 3 and percentage of 10%.

Table 4

Distribution of Respondents’ Religion

Religion Frequency Percentage

Islam 27 90%

Catholic 3 10%

Others 0 0%

Total 30 100%
 24

Educational Attainment

Table 5 shows that, 80% of the respondents were in college level, with

a frequency of 24. High School level has the respondents of 6, with

percentage of 20%.

Table 5

Distribution of Respondents’ Educational Attainment

Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

Elementary 0 0%

High School 6 20%

Senior High 0 0%

College 24 80%

Masters’ 0 0%

Doctorate 0 0%

Total 30 100%
 25

Table 6
Mean Rating on the Factors Affecting Traffic Rules Implemented By
Transportation and Management Center Cotabato City.

Item Questions Mean Description

Score

1. Lack of knowledge about traffic 4.3 Strongly Agree

management.

2. Lack of traffic enforcement 4.7 Strongly Agree

equipment.

3. Misbehaviour attitudes while on duty. 3.43 Agree

4. Lack of understanding of local traffic 3.9 Agree

rules and laws.

5. Self-control affects the 3.8 Agree

implementation of traffic rules.

6. Lack of man power 4.6 Strongly Agree

7. Aggressive Drivers 3.8 Agree

8. Gender difference while on duty. 3.1 Agree

9. Weather conditions affects traffic 4.7 Strongly Agree

officer on duty.

10. Cultural factors. 3.9 Agree

TOTAL AREA MEAN 4.02 Agree

 26

Legend:

Range of Mean Description

4.21 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

3.41 – 4.20 Agree

2.61 – 3.40 Neutral

1.81 – 2.60 Disagree

1.00 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree

Actions Taken by the Barangay Chairman

 27

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the analysis discussion of the results of the study

on the Factors Affecting Traffic Rules Implemented By Transportation and

Management Center Cotabato City.

Restatement of the Problem and Methodology

Generally, the main objective of the study is to determine the Factors

Affecting Traffic Rules Implemented by Transportation and Management

Center (CTTMC), Cotabato City.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. To know the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Civil status

1.4 Religion

1.5 Educational Attainment

2.To determine the factors affecting traffic rules implementing by

Transportation and Management Center (CTTMC), Cotabato City.

2.1 Lack of knowledge about traffic management.

2.2 Lack of traffic enforcement equipment.

2.3 Misbehaviour attitudes while on duty.

2.4 Lack of understanding of local traffic rules and laws.

2.5 Self-control affects the implementation of traffic rules.

2.6 Lack of man power.

 28

2.7 Aggressive drivers.

2.8 Gender differences while on duty.

2.9 Weather conditions affect traffic officers on duty.

2.10 Cultural factors.

3.To determine the actions taken by the Head of CTTMC in order to help in

solving the problem.

Summary of the Findings

The following are the major findings of the study;

1.The thirty (30) respondents were surveyed using survey

questionnaire.

On the first part of the survey questionnaire, the respondents were asked

based on their age, gender, civil status, religion, and educational attainment.

2.In terms of age, two got the same 20% with a frequency of 6, this age

is range from 23 to 27 and 28 to 32. Range age from 43 to 45 got 16.6% with

5 frequency. 13.3% also got the same with frequency of 4. This age range

from 33 to 37 and 38 to 42. 10% were range from 49 to 53, with a frequency

of 3. And 54 age and above got a 6.6% with a frequency of 2.

3.In terms of gender, the respondents were all male, with 100% and

frequency of 30.

4.In terms of civil status, the respondents have a highest percentage of

86.6% married, with a frequency of 26. And a lowest of 13.3% of single, with a

frequency of 4.
 29

5.In terms of religion, Islam religion got a highest of 90% with a

frequency of 27. 3 of the respondents were Catholic, with a percentage of

10%.

6.In terms of educational attainment, 24 respondents were college

graduate, with a percentage of 80%. Six of them were High School Graduate.

On the second part of survey questionnaire, the thirty respondents

were all agreeing on the items provided on the survey questionnaire. This

range from 3.41 to 4.20 and 4.21 to 5.00 which indicates agree and strongly

agree.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that all of the

respondents were male, and has an equal distribution of age from 23 to 27 to

54 and above. It was also revealed that most the respondents were married

and Islam religion, and has an educational attainment of College

level/Graduate.

Additionally, it was revealed on the findings of the study that the thirty

(30) respondents were agreeing that drivers is lacking of several things, just

like knowledge on the road, laws and rules of traffic management, and lacking

of patience on the road that leads to misbehaviour attitudes.

Recommendations

Based on the finding of the study and conclusion of the study, the

following are the recommendations of the researchers;

 30

1. The Office of the Traffic Management Center should conduct a seminar

for the drivers about the traffic rules, laws and regulations.

2. Drivers should have a seminar before having a license driver, to ensure

that they know the policy of the road.

3. Traffic Management Officer should have at least enough equipment to

continue surveying the road.

 31

HEADSTART COLLEGE OF COTABATO

Main: Datu Balabaran, Mother Barangay Tamontaka
Annex: Japal Guiani Sr. Street
Cotabato City

January 8,2024

HON JOHARTO BINANGON

Barangay Chairman
Barangay Rosary Heights XI
San Pablo, Cotabato City

Sir:

Greetings of Peace and Prosperity!

The undersigned is the 4th year criminology student at Headstart College of

Cotabato who is presently proposing a study entitled “FACTORS
AFFECTING TRAFFIC RULES IMPLEMENTED BY TRANSPORTATION
AND MANAGEMENT CENTER (CTTMC),COTABATO CITY”. As a course
requirement in the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

In connection with this, we would like to request from your good office to allow
us to conduct our study to 30 residents of your Barangay. Rest assured that
the data gathered will be strictly for research purposes only and will be kept
with utmost confidentiality.

May this request be granted with your positive response to the success of this
research. Thank you very much and God Bless!

Respectfully Yours,

ALLADIN U. MANGAYAT
Researcher

ALLADIN A. MARAGUIAR
Researcher

ASHIAM MANIBPEL
 32

Researcher

Noted by:

SAMAD B. ANONG, RCrim, MSCJ,CFQDEP

Thesis Adviser

Appendix B

HEADSTART COLLEGE OF COTABATO

Main: Datu Balabaran, Mother Barangay Tamontaka
Annex: Japal Guiani Sr. Street
Cotabato City

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENT

Date: ______________
Dear Respondent:

Greetings!

We, Criminology students of Headstart College of Cotabato are currently

working on our thesis entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC RULES
IMPLEMENTED BY TRANSPORTATION AND MANAGEMENT CENTER
(CTTMC),COTABATO CITY”. As a course requirement in the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

In line with this, we have chosen you to be one of our respondents of

this study and we hope that you will take time answering the questions
honestly. Rest assured that all data gathered will be treated with outmost
confidentiality and will be used for academic purposes only.
Thank you for your support and cooperation.

Respectfully Yours,

ALLADIN U. MANGAYAT
Researcher

ALLADIN A. MARAGUIAR
Researcher

ASHIAM MANIBPEL
Researcher
 33

Noted by:

SAMAD B. ANONG, RCrim, MSCJ

Thesis Adviser

Appendix C

HEADSTART COLLEGE OF COTABATO

Main: Datu Balabaran, Mother Barangay Tamontaka
Annex: Japal Guiani Sr. Street
Cotabato City

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ON
FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC RULES IMPLEMENTED BY
TRANSPORTATION AND MANAGEMENT CENTER (CTTMC),COTABATO
CITY

PART I. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Directions: Please answer the questionnaire by checking (√) the appropriate

boxes.

Name (optional): ________________________________

Age:

46-50 years old 31-35 years old

41-45 years old 26-30 years old

36-40 years old 21-25 years old

Gender:

Male Female

Civil Status:

Single Married Widow

Religion:
 34

Islam Catholic Lumad Others: _________

Educational Attainment:

HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL HIGH SCHOOL

GRADUATE

SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY GRADUATE

COLLEGE LEVEL COLLEGE GRADUATE

OTHERS (PLEASE SPECIFY):________________________

PART II. FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC RULES

Directions: after reading each statement, please indicate the extent to which

you agree or disagree by checking (√) the appropriate boxes. Your response

will be treated with utmost concern and confidentiality.

Legend:

5-Strongly Agree

4-Agree

3- Uncertain

2- Disagree

1- Strongly Disagree

INDICATORS 5 4 3 2

1. Lack of knowledge about traffic management.

2. Lack of traffic enforcement equipment.

3. Misbehaviour attitudes while on duty.

4. Lack of understanding of local traffic rules and

laws.
 35

5. Self-control affects the implementation of

traffic rules.

6. Lack of man power

7. Aggressive Drivers

8. Gender difference while on duty.

9. Weather conditions affects traffic officer on

duty.

10. Cultural factors.

PART III. OPINION AND RECOMMENDATION

1. What can you say about the Factors Affecting Traffic Rules

implemented by CTTMC, Cotabato City?

___________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________.

2. For you, what are your suggested measures in order to help solve the

problem?

___________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
 36

______________________________________________________________

___________________.

CURRICULUM VITAE

ANGEL O. BASADRE
San Antonio St. RH-XI, Cotabato Ciy
09651670748

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Nickname : “Jela”
Date of Birth : November 30, 2000
Place of Birth : Sadaan, Midsayap, Cotabato City
Citizenship : Filipino
Height : 5’4”
Provincial Address : Kitub, Bao Alamada, Cotabato City
Father’s Name : Wenifredo Baylon Basadre
Mother’s Name : Mila Orilla Basadre
Address : San Antonio St. RH-XI, Cotabato City
Tribe : ILonggo
Religion : Islam

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary : Bao Central Elementary School

Secondary : Kitub, Bao Alamada Cotabato
Senior High School : CCNHS- Rojas Site
College : Headstart College of Cotabato
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

FAHRIS ARON DALGAN

Dalican Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao
09265297903
 37

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Nickname : “Mr. Risfa”

Date of Birth : October 11, 1999
Place of Birth : Dalican D.O.S Maguindanao
Citizenship : Filipino
Height : 5’8”
Provincial Address : Maguindanao
Father’s Name : Dumagkaw A. Dalgan
Mother’s Name : Baidido A. Dalgan
Address : Dalican D.O.S Maguindanao
Tribe : Maguindanaon
Religion : Islam

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary : Dalican Pilot D.O.S Maguindanao

Secondary : Datu Mantato National High School
Senior High School : Datu Mantato National High School
College : Headstart College of Cotabato
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

ABDULRADZIS KAMAD BLAIM

Bagua 2, Cotabato City
09554855905

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Nickname : “Dhats”
 38

Date of Birth : April 13, 1999

Place of Birth : Dalican D.O.S Maguindanao
Citizenship : Filipino
Height : 5’4”
Provincial Address : Maguindanao
Father’s Name : Alonto Blaim
Mother’s Name : Ambaingan Kamad
Address : Bagua 2, Cotabato City
Tribe : Maguindanaon
Religion : Islam

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary : Sero Central Elementary School

Secondary : Shariff Kabunsuan College Inc.
Senior High School : CCNHS- Rojas Site
College : Headstart College of Cotabato
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology