Scribd
Upload
10 views10 pages

MATHEMATICS Reviewer 3rd Quarter

Mathematics Grade 8 Reviewer 3rd Quarter

Uploaded by

April Odsinada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views10 pages

MATHEMATICS Reviewer 3rd Quarter

Mathematics Grade 8 Reviewer 3rd Quarter

Uploaded by

April Odsinada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

MATHEMATICS – 3rd Quarter Reviewer

MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM (Week 1)

●​ Undefined Terms – are terms that cannot be defined because they can only be
described or illustrated. These undefined terms are the building blocks of defined
terms and axioms/postulates.
●​ Axioms or Postulates – are statements accepted to be true without proof.
●​ Theorems – statements that are proven to be true using definitions,
axioms/postulates, and derived using reasoning.

MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM
Undefined Terms Defined Terms Axioms/Postulates Theorems
Points, Lines, and Coplanar Lines are Two points The sum of the
Planes lines on the same determine a line. measures of the
plane. interior angles of a
triangle is 180
degrees.

UNDEFINED TERMS

●​ POINT – it has no length or width, but it indicates a position or location. It is


represented by a dot and named using a capital letter.
Example: Point M
●​ LINE - It has infinite length, no width, nor thickness. It extends infinitely in two
opposite directions. It is represented by a straight line with two arrowheads. A
line is named by two of its points with a symbol ↔ written on top of two letters. A
line may also be named by one small letter or a number. A line has its parts or
subsets.
Subsets of a Line:
●​ Ray is a part of a line that starts at one point and extends infinitely in a set
direction.
●​ Line Segment is a part of a line that made up of two endpoints.

RAY and LINE SEGMENTS are defined terms.

●​ PLANE - It is a flat surface extending infinitely in all directions. A plane has infinite
length, infinite width, but has no thickness. It is usually represented in drawings by
a four‐sided figure. To name a plane you can use a capital letter written at the
corner or using three non-collinear points in it.
Example:

MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM (WEEK 2)

1.​ Definition of Between


-​ Point U is said to be between F and N if and only if F, U, and N are distinct points
of the same line and FU + UN = FN.
2.​ Definition of Collinear Points and Coplanar Points
-​ When points are on the same line, they are called collinear points.
-​ When points are on the same plane, they are called coplanar points.
-​ Can points and lines be coplanar? The answer is yes. As long as they are on the
same plane, they are said to be coplanar.

3.​ Definition of an Angle


-​ An angle is the union of two noncollinear rays with a common endpoint.

4.​ Definition of Congruent Angles


-​ Two angles are congruent if and only if their measures are equal.

5.​ Definitions of Acute Angle, Right Angle, and Obtuse Angle


-​ An acute angle is an angle with a measure greater than 0° but less than 90°.
-​ A right angle is an angle with a measure of 90°.
-​ An obtuse angle is an angle with a measure greater than 90° but less than 180°.

6.​ Definition of Adjacent Angles


-​ Adjacent angles share a common vertex and a common side, but do not
overlap.

7.​ Definition of Supplementary Angles


-​ Two angles are supplementary when the sum of their angles is 180°.

8.​ Definition of Linear Pairs


-​ A linear pair of angles is formed when two lines intersect. Two angles are said to
be linear if they are adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines and are
supplementary.

9.​ Definition of Vertical Angles


-​ Opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines are vertical angles.

10.​Definition of Perpendicular Lines


-​ Perpendicular lines are two lines that intersect to form a right angle.

11.​Definition of Perpendicular Bisector


-​ A perpendicular bisector PR of a line segment XZ is a line segment perpendicular
to XZ and passing through the midpoint.
12.​ Definition of Angle Bisector of a Triangle
-​ An angle bisector of a triangle is a segment contained in the ray, which bisects
the angle of the triangle, and whose endpoints are the vertex of this angle and a
point on the opposite side.

13.​ Definitions of Acute, Right, Obtuse, and Equiangular Triangle


-​ An acute triangle is a triangle in which all angles are acute.
-​ A right triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles is a right angle.
-​ An obtuse triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles is obtuse.
-​ An equiangular triangle is a triangle in which all angles are congruent.

14.​Definitions of Scalene, Isosceles, and Equilateral Triangle


-​ A scalene triangle is a triangle with no congruent sides.
-​ An isosceles triangle is a triangle with at least two congruent sides.
-​ An equilateral triangle is a triangle with all sides congruent.

TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE (WEEK 3)

IDEA OF CONGRUENCE

●​ CONGRUENCE (≅) – two figures or objects are congruent if they have the same
shape and size, or if one has the same shape and size as the mirror image of the
other.
PARTS OF A TRIANGLE

In Geometry, a triangle is a closed, two – dimensional shape with three straight sides. It is
also a polygon. A triangle has three sides, three vertices and three angles.

Two triangles are congruent if and only if all their corresponding parts are congruent.
Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)

TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE POSTULATES (WEEK 4)

Definition of Included Angle and Included Side

●​ Included angle is the angle between two sides of a triangle


●​ Included side is the side common to two angles of a triangle.
Triangle Congruence Postulates:

1.​ SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence Postulate


-​ If two sides and an included angle of one triangle are congruent to the two sides
and the included angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

2.​ ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruence Postulate


-​ If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the two
angles and an included side of another triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.

3.​ SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence Postulate


-​ If three sides of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding three sides of
another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

4.​ AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) Congruence Postulate


-​ If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the two
angles and a non-included side of another triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.

CONGRUENCE THEOREMS

1.​ HyA (Hypotenuse-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem


-​ If the hypotenuse and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the
hypotenuse and an acute angle of another right triangle, then the two triangles
are congruent.

2.​ HyL (Hypotenuse-leg) Congruence Theorem


-​ If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the
hypotenuse and a leg of another right triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.
3.​ LL (Leg Leg) Congruence Theorem
-​ If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the legs of another right triangle,
then the two triangles are congruent.

4.​ LA (leg-acute angle) Congruence Theorem


-​ If a leg and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to a leg and an
acute angle of another right triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Steps in Proving Congruence of Two Triangles

Step 1. Identify what the given are, and what is to be proved. Mark the given
information on the diagram.

Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used and the additional information
needed and why.

PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY AND CONGRUENCE USED AS BASES FOR REASONING:

Reflexive Property: a=a

Symmetric Property: If a=b, then b=a

Transitive Property: If a=b and b=c, then a=c

Substitution Property: If a=b, then a can be substituted for b in any equation

Addition and Subtraction Properties: If a=b, then a + c = b + c and a – c = b – c;​ ​


​ ​ ​ If a=b and c=d, then a + c = b + d and a – c = b – d

Multiplication Property: If a=b, then ac=bc and if a=b and c=d, then ac=bd

Division Property: If a=b and c≠0, then a/c=b/c

PARTS OF AN ISOSCELES TRIANGLE


ISOSCELES TRIANGLE THEOREM

Isosceles Triangle Theorem 6-1

-​ If two sides of a triangle are congruent then the angles opposite these sides are
congruent.

Theorem 6-2/ Converse of Isosceles Triangle Theorem

-​ If two angles of a triangle are congruent then the sides opposite these angles
are congruent.

Theorem 6-3

-​ An equilateral triangle is also equiangular.

You might also like