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An Introduction To Advanced Molecular Diagnostics

The lecture presented by Dr. Ibrahim Ashraf Abdelwahab covers advanced molecular diagnostics, emphasizing its techniques, advantages, and future directions. Key competencies include identifying assays, applying public health principles, and utilizing contemporary technologies for effective communication and health care improvement. The document also highlights the impact of molecular diagnostics on cancer, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders, along with challenges and market opportunities in the field.

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Ahmed Ali
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50 views13 pages

An Introduction To Advanced Molecular Diagnostics

The lecture presented by Dr. Ibrahim Ashraf Abdelwahab covers advanced molecular diagnostics, emphasizing its techniques, advantages, and future directions. Key competencies include identifying assays, applying public health principles, and utilizing contemporary technologies for effective communication and health care improvement. The document also highlights the impact of molecular diagnostics on cancer, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders, along with challenges and market opportunities in the field.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture (2): An Introduction to Advanced

Molecular Diagnostics Presented by


Dr.Ibrahim Ashraf Abdelwahab
Lecturer of Microbiology and Immunology dept.,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University In Alexandria.
Competencies & Key elements achieved by learning
outcomes of the lecture:
Competency Key elements Learning Outcomes
2-3- 2-3-1 Handle, identify, and dispose biologicals, 1. Distinguish between different assays used in the
Handle and dispose biologicals and synthetic/natural materials, biotechnology- microbiological quality control of pharmaceutical
synthetic/natural pharmaceutical based and radio-labeled products, and other products.
materials/products effectively and materials/products used in pharmaceutical field. 2. Outline the different serological and molecular
safely with respect to relevant laws methods used to identify microorganisms.
and legislations.
3-1-Apply the principles of body 3-1-2 Apply the principles of public health and 4. Recognize the range of advanced laboratory and
functions to participate in pharmaceutical microbiology to select and important molecular and serological techniques.
improving health care services assess proper methods of infection control.
using evidence-based data. 6. Identify principles of various tools and
instruments, and select the proper techniques for
3-1-4 Relate etiology, epidemiology, synthesizing and analyzing different biological
pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis, and materials.
clinical features of infections/diseases and their
pharmacotherapeutic approaches.

4-2- 4-2-2 Use contemporary technologies and media 9. Compile information from a variety of sources
Effectively communicate verbally, skills. (library, electronic, and online resources) to
non-verbally and in writing with accomplish required assignments
individuals and communities.
Molecular Diagnostics
Molecular diagnostics is a collection
of techniques used to
analyze biological markers in
the genome and proteome—the
individual's genetic code and how
their cells express their genes
as proteins—by applying molecular
biology to medical testing. The
technique is used to diagnose and
monitor disease, detect risk, and
decide which therapies will work best
for individual patients.
Advantages of Molecular methods:
 High Precision and Accuracy (Molecular diagnostics offers higher precision
compared to traditional methods. This leads to more accurate diagnoses, resulting in
targeted therapies that improve patient outcomes).
 Detects pathogen, not immune response
 Quick results (Many molecular techniques can provide results in hours instead of
days. Rapid diagnosis is critical, especially in time-sensitive conditions like infectious
diseases or cancer).
 High transport toleration In-house (home-brew) PCR methods.
 Cost effective.
 High quality.
 Fast implementation of scientific discoveries.
 Customer friendly.
 Personalized Medicine (Molecular diagnostics facilitates personalized treatment
approaches. By understanding a patient's unique genetic makeup, healthcare
providers can tailor therapies to individual needs).
Overview of Techniques
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
is a molecular cytogenetic technique that
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
allows the localization of a specific DNA
PCR is a foundational technique for amplifying specific sequence or an entire chromosome in a
DNA segments. Its high sensitivity helps in detecting cell.
pathogens at minute levels, proving crucial in infectious
disease diagnostics. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA)
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is an artificial molecule that is used as a
Next-Generation Sequencing enables rapid sequencing of DNA and DNA analog in genetic engineering. PNA
RNA. It allows for detailed genomic profiling, helping in identifying is just what its name indicates, consisting
mutations associated with diseases. of a polypeptide backbone with nucleic
acid bases attached as side chains.
Microarrays
Proteomics
Microarrays allow for simultaneous analysis of
multiple genes. They're widely used to explore Involves the applications of technologies
gene expression patterns, making them key tools for the identification and quantification
in cancer research and genetic disorders. of overall proteins present content of a
cell, tissue, or organism.
Future Directions
Technological Innovations
Innovations such as CRISPR and artificial Expansion in Applications
intelligence are reshaping the field. These
technologies have the potential to Molecular diagnostics is poised to expand
significantly improve diagnostic accuracy into various areas, including rare genetic
and efficiency. disorders and infectious diseases, thus
enhancing its role in healthcare.

Global Accessibility
Efforts are in progress to enhance access
to molecular diagnostics in low-resource
environments, potentially transforming
global healthcare delivery and reducing
health disparities.
Challenges in Adoption
The main objectives of this analysis are:

(1) To identify viable technology drivers through a comprehensive look at platform


technologies for molecular diagnostics, including probe-based nucleic acid assays,
microarrays, and sequencing.
(2) To obtain a complete understanding of the chief molecular diagnostics tests
i.e., predictive, screening, prognostic, monitoring, pharmacogenomic, and theranostic
from their basic principles to their applications.
(3) To discover feasible market opportunities by identifying high-growth
applications in different clinical diagnostic areas and by focusing on expanding
markets, such as communicable diseases, cardiology, and oncology.
(4) To focus on global industry development through an in-depth analysis of the
major world markets for molecular diagnostics, including growth forecasts.
Case Study Insights

50% 30% 20%

Cancer Diagnoses Infectious Disease Cases Genetic Disorders


Advanced diagnostics have Speeding diagnostics in infectious Successful implementation of
improved cancer detection rates by diseases has cut turnaround times molecular diagnostics in genetic
50%, enabling earlier interventions. by 30%. Fast results are critical for disorders has impacted treatment
effective treatment. plans in 20% of cases.
Types of molecular testing methods used in genetic testing
Never give up because great
things take time…

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