Reviewer: RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

𝑃(𝑥)
General Mathematics ─ It is a function in the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥), where p(x) and
q(x) are polynomials and q(x) ≠ 0.
RATIONAL EQUATION ─ Examples:
─ It is an equation involving rational expressions 𝑦=
10𝑥 2 − 7𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
𝑥−1 𝑥+1
separated by an equal sign.
GRAPH
─ Examples: 6
2 3
− 4𝑥 = 6
𝑥−3
=0
2 3
− 2𝑥 = 5
1 𝑓(𝑥) = Substitute the values of x in the given function.
3𝑥 𝑥2 +2 𝑥 3𝑥

SOLVING RATIONAL EQUATIONS 𝒙 𝒚

−4 −0.5
3 1 5
+ = −3 −0.67
𝑥 2 𝑥
−2 −1
Solution:
−1 −2
3 1 5 Multiply the whole equation 0 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
[ + = ] 2𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑥 by 2x (LCD).
1 2
3 (2𝑥) 1(2𝑥) 5(2𝑥)
+ = Distribute 2x in each term.
𝑥 2 𝑥 2 1
3(2) + 1(𝑥) = 5(2) Simplify 3 0.67
6 + 𝑥 = 10 4 0.5
𝑥 = 10 − 6 Combine all like terms
DOMAIN AND RANGE
𝑥=4
3𝑥 + 4
𝑦 =
𝑥−2
RATIONAL INEQUALITIES
─ Rational inequality is an inequality involving rational D: {𝒙 𝝐 ℝ | 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐}
𝟑
expressions. R: {𝒙 𝝐 ℝ | 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐}
─ Examples:
𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥−3 1
≥3 >0 + ≤1
𝑥+1 𝑥2 − 7 𝑥+2 𝑥

ASYMPTOTES
SOLVING RATIONAL INEQUALITY
VA: 𝑥 = 2 → the value that is not part of the solution in the domain
3
−𝒙 + 𝟑 HA: 𝑥 = 2 → the value that is not part of the solution in the range
≥ 𝟎
𝒙−𝟏

STEP 1: You need to write the inequality in General Form. 𝒒(𝒙) (>, <, ≥, ≤)𝟎
𝒑(𝒙)
INTERCEPTS

−𝒙+𝟑
≥ 𝟎 Done! since it is already in General Form.
𝒙−𝟏

STEP 2: Find the Critical Value by setting the numerator and denominator equal In finding the x-intercept: set 𝑦 = 0.
to zero and solve.
In finding the y-intercept: set 𝑥 = 0.
−𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝑥−1=0
−𝑥 −3 𝑥=1
=
−1 −1 CV: 3, 1
𝑥=3

STEP 3-4: Plot the critical values on a number line, breaking the number line
into intervals. Determine if the critical numbers should be included ZEROES
in the intervals. 4
─ Zero is also the x-intercept: 𝑥 = − 3
Note:
If the given inequality is (< 𝑜𝑟 > ) then, the CV is both opened.
However, if the given inequality is (≤ 𝑜𝑟 ≥) then, the CV is opened and closed. To check the opened CV,
look for the denominator and check what value(s) makes the denominator undefined. GRAPHS

STEP 4: Test the given interval using the Sign Chart.

EXPONENTIAL EQUATION LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
─ An exponential equation in one variable is an
equation with a variable in the exponent.
─ Examples:
2𝑥 = 64 72𝑥+1 = 73𝑥−2 42𝑥−1 = 64

EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITIES
─ An exponential inequality is an equality in one
variable having a variable in the exponent. SOLVING LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
─ Examples: Note: Check the base then add both sides of the equation/inequality.
43𝑥+2 < 64 34𝑥 ≤ 9𝑥+3 2𝑥+1 ≥ 42𝑥−1 log 7 𝑥 = 6 log 6 𝑥 > 2
𝟕log7 𝑥 = 𝟕𝟔 𝟔log7 𝑥 > 𝟔𝟐
SOLVING EXPONENTIAL EQUATION AND INEQUALITY 𝒙 = 𝟕𝟔 𝒙 > 𝟔𝟐
𝒙 = 117, 649 𝒙 > 36
log 5 (3𝑥 + 4) = 2 log 2 (𝑥 + 1) < 2
𝟓log5(3𝑥 + 4) = 𝟓𝟐 𝟐log2(𝑥 + 1) < 𝟐𝟐
3𝑥 + 4 = 𝟓𝟐 𝑥 + 1 < 𝟐𝟐
3𝑥 + 4 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑥 + 1<4
Note: 3𝑥 = 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒 𝑥 <4−1
1. Make sure both sides of the equation have the same base then, bring 3𝑥 𝟐𝟏 𝑥<3
down the power. =
3 𝟑
2. If the same real number is added to or subtracted from both sides of an 𝑥=𝟕
inequality, the sense of inequality is not changed.
3. If both sides of an inequality are multiplied by or divided by the same
positive real number, the sense of inequality is not changed. LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
4. If both sides of an inequality are multiplied by or divided by the same D: All (+) Positive Real Numbers
negative real number, the sense of inequality is changed. R: All Real Numbers

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
─ An exponential function is a function whose exponent
is a variable defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 where b > 0 and
𝑏 ≠ 1.
─ Examples:
𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 𝑦 = 42𝑥

GRAPHING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥
D: All Real Numbers
R: All (+) Positive Real Numbers