NAME:

YEAR AND SECTION:

Types of Context Clues

1. Clues supplied through synonyms:
Examples:
• Jerome is fond of using trite, worn-out expressions in his writing. His favorite is “You
can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink.”
• Miguel was very loquacious. He really loved to talk.
• It was a frigid winter night; even the lake was frozen solid.
2. Clues contained in comparison and contrast:
Examples:
• As the trial continued, the defendant’s guilt became more and more obvious. With even
the slightest bit of new evidence against him, there would be no more chance of acquittal.
• This painting of the landscape is picturesque, while one of the old houses is just plain
ugly.
• The feral cat would not let us pet him, unlike our friendly cat.
3. Clues contained in a definition or description:
Examples:
• Peggy is a transcriptionist, a person who makes a written copy of a recorded message.
• The dates are listed in chronological order; they start at the beginning and end with the
last event.
4. Clues through association with other words in the sentence:
Examples:
• Carol is one of the most talented students ever to have attended National High. Shehas
won many awards in art, music, and theater. She also writes poetry and short stories for
the school paper and creates video games on her computer. She is in the basketball team
and runs road races in the summer. Carol’s talents are innumerable.
5. Clues which appear in a series:
Example:
• The dulcimer, fiddle, and banjo are all popular among the Appalachian Mountain
people.
6. Clues provided by the tone and setting:
Example:
• The streets filled instantly with bellicose protestors, who pushed and shoved their way through
the frantic bystanders. The scene was no longer peaceful and calm.
7. Clues derived from cause and effect:
Example:
• Since no one came to the first voluntary work session, attendance for the second one is
mandatory for all the members.
 PRACTICE EXERCISE 1
Directions: Choose the meaning of the underlined word from the list below. Be guided by the
context clues.
1. The peso fluctuates based on the monetary exchange rate.
a. Decreases b. Disappears c. Improves d. Changes
2. When two or more crops are planted at the same time on the same farm, the system of farming
is said to be diversified.
a. Old b. Simple c. Similar d. Varied
3. To a traffic officer, a car parked in a busy street is nuisance.
a. Help b. Important c. Annoyance d. Pleasure
4. The taxicab is one thing that is ubiquitous in our streets.
a. Very important b. Source of pollution c. Seen everywhere. d. Slow moving
5. The problem of pollution defied solution until the establishment of Pollution Control
Commission.
a. Obeyed b. Feared c. Resisted d. Encouraged
6. Soil fertility should be replenished to get abundant crops.
a. Lessened b. Enlarged c. Refilled d. Reduced
7. With the widespread destruction of our forest, flashfloods can always happen.
a. Reckless b. Legal c. Sacred d. Religious
8. The people should not tarry, if they really want economic recovery.
a. Forget b. Stop c. Delay d. Prevent
9. There is an appalling number of non-readers in the elementary as shown by a result of the
Reading Test.
a. Destroying b. Imitating c. Shocking d. Repeating
10. The janitor threw into the waste can every riff raff he got from the playground.
a. Stones b. Tickets c. Trash d. Slippers

LESSON II: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

LC: Explain figurative language used. (EN8LT-lVf-2.2.4)_

➢ Simile- a figure of speech which involves a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually with
the words like or as.
Example: She is beautiful as a sunshine in the morning. Good coffee is like friendship, rich, warm
and strong.
➢ Metaphor- a figurative of speech that compares two unlike things without using the words like or as. It
states the comparison as it were a fact.
Example: Love is a mysterious way. He is a lion in the battle.
➢ Personification- is a figurative language, which authors give human characteristics to non-human
things. These non-human things could be: a piece of thing, an animal, plants and etc.
Example: The wind whispered loudly through the bamboos. The sun stared at me.
➢ Hyperbole- is a figurative language that shows exaggerated statement used to heighten effect. It is not
used to mislead the reader, but to emphasize a point.
 Example- Marshall said he was so hungry he could eat a thousands of chicken in one day. My
mother wears so much make-up that she loses 40 pounds when she takes it off at night.
➢ Onomatopoeia- is a figure of language that use of a words that mimic sound and whose sounds
suggests the meaning.
Example: The firecracker made a loud boom! The dustbin lid clattered to the ground.
➢ Alliteration- is a figure of language when words that start with the same sound (not just the same
letter) are used repeatedly in a phrase or sentence. The sound is usually a consonant and words don’t have
to be right next to one another.
Example: Come and clean the chaos in your closet. Go and gather the green leaves on the grass.
➢ Assonance- is a figurative language which is the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds within
words, phrases, or sentence.
Example- She seems to beam rays of sunshine with her eyes of green. I wish there was a way to
make her state similar feelings to those of my soul.

EXERCISE II:
DIRECTIONS: Identify the types of figure of speech in the sentence.
_______________1. The camel is a ship of the desert.
_______________2. The trees scream in the raging wind.
_______________3. I’ve told her a billion times.
_______________4. The car bumped on the street.
_______________5. He falls like a tear.
_______________6. Ronald is a teddy bear.
_______________7. Jerald wore his blue and brown blazer.
_______________8. Six swans went swimming in the seashore.
_______________9. My backpack weighs a ton.
_______________10. A wolf was 1000 feet high.
_______________11. He could have knocked me over with a feather.
_______________12. The willow tree shook her long hair.
_______________13. You’ll never put a better bit of butter on your knife.
_______________14. He was as light as a feather.
_______________15. She sways like a pearl.
_______________16. He is my knight in shining armor.
_______________17. The camera clicks smoothly.
_______________18. The fat cat had a snack.
_______________19. Don’t drink and drive.
_______________20. Alas! It was a tough nut to crack.
 LC: Identify the appropriate prosodic features of speech like pitch, stress, juncture, volume.
(EN8OL-IVe-5
The following are four prosodic feature of speech that are commonly used in helping you become
a well-articulated speaker.
1. Pitch is defined as the relative highness or lowness of a tone as perceived by the ear. This
will allow the speaker to express his emotions and attitude by changing the pitch’s properties.
Generally speaking, there are two types of pitch changes you can make, as follows:

↗home?”– Rising Intonation

• Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice rises over time [↗]; o Example: “Is he going

• Falling Intonation means that the pitch falls with time [↘]; o Example: “I saw a ↘man in
the garden.”– Falling intonation
2. Stress This feature of speech placed emphasis on the syllable or on the sound of the word that
must be spoken forcefully by the speaker. The meaning of the words can be changed on how
it is applied on the sentence using the stress. These are the 3 examples of Stress:
• Primary Stress – A stressed placed on a syllable to give the strongest type of stress. Primary
stress is marked in IPA by putting a raised vertical line [ˈ] at the beginning of the syllable. o
Example: [əˈnʌf]- Enough
• Secondary Stress–This is where the syllables aren't completely unstressed, but aren't as loud
as the primary stress. Secondary stress is marked with a lowered vertical line [ˌ] at the
beginning of the syllable. o Example: [ˈfotəˌɡɹæf] - Photograph
• Unstressed- syllables that have no stress at all. o Example: /ˈpoiz(ə)nəs/- Poisonous
3. Juncture The set of features in speech that enable a hearer to detect a word or phrase
boundary, e.g., distinguishing I scream from ice cream.
a. Internal Juncture- identifies a type of juncture that occurs within a phrase. Linguists
recognize two internal junctures:
a. Internal Close Juncture – Movement of sound with no delay. Example, bright or bloom
b. Internal Open Juncture – Not continuous movement, there is a slight stop of the last
sound. Example, A Name and An Aim
b. Terminal Juncture - The terminal juncture refers to a juncture that occurs at the end of
sentences and phrases. This is also called External Juncture and mark using the 3 symbols:
a. Single Bar Juncture (/) – change of places of juncture in sentence logically change
the meaning of the sentence i. Example: My teacher said / the doctor is pregnant. (Who is
Pregnant? – The doctor) ii. Example: My teacher / said the doctor / is pregnant. (Who is
Pregnant? – The teacher)
b. Double Bar Juncture (//) – indicates the need for a longer pause between two thought
groups in a sentence. i. Example: Dr. Jose Rizal //our national hero // was born on June 19, 1861.
1. 1st thought – Dr. Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 2. 2nd thought – Our National Hero
was born on June 19, 1861
c. Double Cross Juncture (#) – Characterizes a drop in pitch. The pausing time responds
to a need for semicolon, colon and a period. i. Example: A vision without action is a daydream; #
an action without vision is a nightmare.
4. Volume This pertains on how the listener perceived loudness of the speaker. Volume can be
applied as emphasis on statement based on the speaker’s emotion such as anger, excitement, fear etc. See
Examples below: a. “Stop following me!” – Angry Statement b. “That’s a cool cardigan!” – Amazed
Statement c. “I don’t want to grow old.” – Fear statement, can be used in low and high volume.

EXERCISE III:
Directions: Select the letter of the correct answer.
1. _______ is the highness or lowness of voice
a. Prosodic Feature b. Pitch c. Juncture d. Stress
2. The other term for juncture is ____.
a. Intonation b. Stress c. Pauses d. Juncture
3. “I won the lottery.” If read in normal and low pitches, it shows ________.
a. Happy b. Sad c. Surprised d. Nervous
4. In the word “Development”, the letter to place the stress is the vowel “o”.
a. Maybe b. Yes c. No d. Not Sure
5. Rewrite the sentence with a different stop to have a different meaning. Use comma (,) to
represent stop in your writing. Edward said, the teacher was mistaken.
a. Edward, said the teacher was mistaken.
b. Edward, said the teacher, was mistaken.
c. Edward said the teacher, was mistaken.
d. Edward said, the teacher, was mistaken.
6. Write in the capital letters the syllable where the stress should be put in the word. “spe-ci-fic.”
a. SPE-ci-fic b. spe-CI-fic c. spe-ci-FIC d. SPE-CI-fic
7. Write in the capital letters the syllable where the stress should be put in the word. “pol-i-ti-
cian.”
a. POL-i-ti-cian b. pol-I-ti-cian c. pol-i-TI-cian d. pol-i-ti-CIAN
8. In the sentence, “As the ship sank suddenly the life boats were lowered.” Where should the
stop be put to show that the sinking of the ship happened unexpectedly?
a. After the word “suddenly”
b. Before the word “ship”
c. After the word “ship”
d. Before the word “suddenly”
9. What is the correct pitch to apply in the sentence, “You are a new student, aren’t you?”
a. Rising b. Falling c. Stress d. Juncture
10. In the word “ceremony” which syllable should be stressed?
a. CER-e-mo-ny b. cer-E-mo-ny c. cer-e-MO-ny d. cer-e-mo-NY