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First Chapter Lec Notes 2025

The document discusses the mechanics of deformable bodies, focusing on the relationships between external loads and internal forces in materials. It classifies loads based on time, area, and application method, and introduces concepts such as stress, shear force, and bending moments. Additionally, it presents problems related to calculating stresses and internal loadings in structural members.

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10 views44 pages

First Chapter Lec Notes 2025

The document discusses the mechanics of deformable bodies, focusing on the relationships between external loads and internal forces in materials. It classifies loads based on time, area, and application method, and introduces concepts such as stress, shear force, and bending moments. Additionally, it presents problems related to calculating stresses and internal loadings in structural members.

Uploaded by

daugdaugelominany
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ES 126

Mechanics of
Deformable Bodies

Engr. Jean C. Eballe,MEP


Faculty
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Is a branch of mechanics that


studies the relationships
between the external loads
applied to a deformable body
and the intensity of internal
forces acting within the body.
CLASSIFICATION OF LOADS

Loads may classified with respect to time


1. static load – a gradually applied load for
which equilibrium is reached in a
relatively short time.
2. Sustained load – is a load that is
constant over a long period of time.
3. Impact load is a rapidly applied load (an
energy load)
CLASSIFICATION OF LOADS
4. repeated load is a load that is applied and
removed many thousands times. E.g. the
helical springs that close the valves on
automobile engines are subjected to
repeated loading.
With respect to the area over which the
load applied
1. A concentrated load –
is a load applied at a
point.
2. Distributed load is a
load distributed along
a length or over an
area.
With respect to the location and
method of application
1. Centric load – in which
the resultant forces
passes through the
centroid of the resisting
section.
2. Torsional load is one
that subjects a shaft or
some other member to
a couples that twist the
member.
Equations of Equilibrium

Equations of a body requires both balance


of forces, to prevent the body form
translating or having accelerated motion
along a straight of curved path, and a
balance of moments, to prevent the body
from rotating.
TYPES OF SUPPORTS

• There are 6 commonly used types


of supports which prevent a
structure, or part of it, from
accelerating when acted upon by
external forces. In general, supports
are there to keep a
structure in equilibrium. These six
types of the supports are given in
Table 1.1:
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
(Strength of Materials)

In strength of materials
deals with the relations
between externally applied
loads and their internal
effects on the bodies.
Analysis of Internal Forces

Fig. 1 External and internal forces in a structural member

Consider an element of continuous (no voids) and cohesive (no


cracks, breaks and defects) material subjected to a number of
externally applied loads as shown in Fig above It is supposed that
the member is in equilibrium.
Effects of the applied loads on the
member and is given a special name:

Pxx - Axial force. This


component measures the
pulling (or pushing) action
perpendicular to the
section.
Pxy, Pxz - Shear Force. This
component is the total
resistance to sliding the portion
to one side of the exploratory
section past the other
Effects of the applied loads on the member
and is given a special name:

Mxx - Torque. This


component measures the
resistance to twisting the
member and is commonly
given the symbol T.

Mxy, Mxz – Bending Moment. This


component measures the resistance to
bending the member about x axis.
Stress

Is defined as the strength of a material per


unit area or unit strength.

Where:
σ =P/A
P – is the applied load
A – is the cross sectional
area

Sometimes called as simple stress or Average


Normal Stress.
The three assumptions used in elementary
analysis of Trusses are as follows:

1. Weights of the members are neglected.

2. All connections are smooth pins

3. All external loads are applied directly


to the pins.
Units of Stress
The units in the SI system is the Newton
per square meter or Pascal, i.e. :
Shearing Stress

It is caused by forces acting along or parallel


to the area resisting the forces.
The intensity or force per unit area
acting tangentially ,
Shearing Stress

A FBD of the unsupported center segment indicate


that shear force V=F/2 must be applied at each
section to hold the segment in equilibrium
The average shear stress distributed over
each sectioned area that develops the shear
force is defined by

‫ ד‬avg= V / A

τavg = assume to be the same at each


point over the section
V = Internal shear force
A = Area at the section
Bearing Stress
Problem 1.
The 50lb lamp is supported by the steel
rods connected by a ring at A. determine
which rod is subjected to the greater
average normal stress and compute its
value. Take angle theta equals 30 degrees.
Problem 1.
Given:
Weight of lamp = 50lb
angle theta = 30 degrees.

Required : determine which rod is subjected


to the greater average normal stress and
compute its value.
Solution:
Solving for the forces that acts on the bars:
y

A
x

50 lb
y
+

(1)

(2)
(1) = (2)
Solving for Stresses in each rod:
Rod AB:

Rod AD:

Rod AC:
Ans.
Problem 2. The beam AB is pin
supported at A and supported by a cable
BC. Determine the resultant internal
loadings acting on the cross section at
point D.
Problem 2.
Given:

Required : Determine the resultant


internal loadings acting on the cross
section at point D.
Solution:
FBD B

1,200 lb

A x’

B
y’

1,200 lb
D
Solution:

𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝜃 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝛽

Considering right triangle BEC Considering right triangle BEA


Solution:
B

1,200 lb

A
x’

y’
5ft.
1,200 lb
D F
x

+
Considering Figure 2:

+
Considering Figure 2:

+
Considering Figure 2:

+
Problem 3. On the figure below, assume that a 20-mm-
diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm
wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing
in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing of rivet.
Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate;
and (b) the largest average tensile stress in the plates.
Problem 3.

Given:

Required:
Determine the following:
(a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and
(b) the largest average tensile stress in the plates.
Solution:

(a) the minimum thickness of each plate


Solving the value of P From
shearing of the rivet:

From bearing of a plate material:


Continuation:
(b) Largest Average tensile stress in the plate
Problem 4:
Given:
Three plates joined by two rivets

Required: a.) if load P = 50kN what is the


largest bearing stress acting on the rivets?
b.) If the ultimate stress for the rivets is
180MPa, what is the force ultimate is required
to cause the rivets to fail in shear?
= 78.1 Mpa ans
Three plates joined by two rivets
P ultimate = 226 KN ans

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