SPSSPARK BATCH X/MATHEMATICS/REAL NUMBERS

REAL NUMBERS

 INTRODUCTION (ii) N has the smallest element namely ‘1’.

Commonly used notations. (iii) N has no largest element. i.e., give me

any natural number, we can find the bigger
N : The set of natural number, number from the given number.
W : The set of whole numbers, (iv) N does not contain ‘0’ as a member. i.e.,
‘0’ is not a member of the set N.
Z : The ser of Integers,

Q : The set of rationales,

(ii) Whole numbers (W) W = {0, 1, 2, 4…  }
R : The set of Real Numbers.
Remark :

(i) The set of whole number is infinite

(unlimited elements)

(ii) This set has the smallest members as ‘0’.

i.e. ‘0’ the smallest whole number. i.e., set
W contain ‘0’ as a member.

(iii) The set of whole numbers has no largest

member.

(iv) Emery natural number is a whole number.

CLASSIFICATION OF NUMBERS
(v) Non-zero smallest whole number is ‘1’.

(iii) Integers ( I or Z) : I or Z = { -  …-3, -2, -1,

0, +2, +3…+  }

Positive integers : {1, 2, 3…},

Negative integers : {…. -4, -3, -2, -1}

Remark :

(i) This set Z is infinite .

(ii) It has neither the greatest nor the lest

(i) Natural numbers (N) : N + {1, 2, 3, 4…  }
element.
Remark :
(iii) Every natural number is an integer.
(i) The set N is infinite i.e. it has unlimited
(iv) Every whole number is an integer.
members.

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(iv) The set of non-negative integer = {0, 1, 2, (viii) Types of rational numbers :-
3, 4,…..}
(a) Terminating decimal numbers and
(v) The set of non-positive integer = {…. -4, -
3, -2, -1, 0} (b) Non-termination repeating (recurring)
decimal numbers.
(iv) Rational numbers : These are real numbers
(v) Irrational numbers : A number is called
p
which can be expressed in the form of , irrational number, if it can not be written in
q
p
where p and q are integers and q  0. the form , where p & q are integers and
q
Ex. q  0. All Non-terminating & Non-repeating
2 37 17 decimal numbers are Irrational numbers.
, , , 3, 0, 10, 4.33, 7.123123123......
3 15 19 Ex.
2, 3, 3 2 , 2  3, 2  3,  , e, etc
Remark :
(vi) Real numbers : The totality of rational
(i) Every integer is a rational number.
numbers and irrational numbers is called the
(ii) Every terminating decimal is a rational set of real numbers i.e. rational numbers and
number. irrational numbers taken together are called
real numbers.
(iii) Every recurring decimal is a rational
number. Every real number is either a rational number
or an irrational number.
(iv) A non-terminating repeating decimal is
called a recurring decimal.  NATURE OF THE DECIMAL
EXPANSION OF RATIONAL
(v) Between any two rational numbers there
NUMBERS
are an infinite number of rational numbers.
This property is known as the density Theorem -1 : Let x be a rational number
rational numbers. whose decimal expansion terminates. Then
p
(vi) If a and b are two rational numbers then we can express x in the form , where p
a
1
(a  b) lies between a and b. and q are co-primes, and the prime
2 factorisation of q is of the form 2m × 5n, where
m, n are non-negative integers.
1
a ( a  b)  b p
2 Theorem-2 : Let x  be a rational
q
n rational number between two different number, such that the prime factorisation of q
rational numbers a and b are : is the 2m × 5n, where m, n are non-negative
integers. Then, x has a decimal expansion
(b  a) 2(b  a) 3(b  a)
a ;a  ;a  ; which terminates.
n 1 n 1 n 1
p
4(b  a) n(b  a)
Theorem-3 : Let x be a rational
a ;............a  ; q
n 1 n 1 number, such that the prime factorisation of q
(vii)Every rational number can be represented is not of the form 2m × 5m, where m, n are
either as a terminating decimal or a non- non-negative integers. Then, x has a decimal
termination repeating (recurring) decimals. expansion which is non-terminating repeating.

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189 189 189
Ex. (i)  3  0 3
125 5 2 5
we observe that prime factorization of the
denominators of these rational numbers are of
the form 2m × 5n, where m, n are non-negative
189
integers. Hence, has terminating decimal
125
expansion.
17 17
(ii) 
6 23
we observe that the prime factorisation of the
denominator of these rational numbers are not
of the form 2m×5n, where m, n are non-
17
negative integers. Hence has non-
6
terminating and repeating decimal expansion
a2
2
17 17 b2
(iii)  3 0
8 2 5
a 2  2b 2
17
So, the denominator 8 of is of the form  2 divides a2
8
2m×5n, where m, n are non-negative integers.
 2 divides a
17 Therefore let a = 2c for some integer c.
Hence has terminating decimal expansion.
8  a2 = 4c2.
64 64  2b2 = 4c2
(iv) 
455 5  7  13  b2 = 2c2
Clearly, 455 is not of the form 2m × 5n, So,  2 divides b2
64  2 divides b
the decimal expansion of is non-
455
Thus, 2 is a common factor of a and b.
terminating repeating.
But, it contradicts our assumption that a and
 PROOF OF IRRATIONALITY OF b have no common factor other than 1.
2, 3, 5, ................
So, our assumption that 2 is a rational, is
Ex.1 Prove that 2 is not a rational number. wrong.
Sol. We shall prove this by the method of Hence, 2 is irrational.
contradiction.
Ex. 3 Prove that 2  3 is irrational.
If possible, let us assume that 2 is a
rational number. Sol. Let 2  3 be a rational number equals to r

a  2 3  r
Then 2 where a, b are integers having
b
3  r 2
no common factor other than 1.
Here L.H.S. is an irrational number while
 2
2
2 a R.H.S. r – 2 is rational.  S.H.S.  R.H.S
    (squaring both sides)
b

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Hence it contradicts our assumption that i.e.
2  3 is rational . Dividends = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
 2  3 is irrational. (a) = (b) × (q) + (r)

Ex.4 Prove that 2 3 is irrational,

e.g.
provided that (i) Consider number 23 and 5, then :
(i) 6 is irrational. 23 = 5 × 4 + 3
Comparing with a = bq + r
(ii) 3 is irrational.
we get, a = 23, b = 5, q = 4, r = 3
(iii) 2 is irrational.
and 0  r < b (as 0 < 3 < 5 )
Sol. Let 2  3 be rational number say ‘x’
(ii) Consider positive integers 18 and 4
x 2 3 18 = 4 × 4 + 2
x  2  3  2 3. 2  5  2 6
2
For 18 ( = a) and 4 (= b) we have

x2  5 q = 4, r = 2 and 0  r < b
 x2  5  2 6  6  In the relations a = bq + r, where 0  r < b
2
is nothing but a statement of the long
x2  5
As x, 5 and 2 are rationales  is a division of number a by b in which q is the
2 quotient obtained and r is the remainder.
rational number.
x2  5 Ex.7 Use Euclid’s algorithm to find the HCF of
 6 is a rational number
2 4052 and 12576.
Sol. Using a = bq + r, where 0  r < b.
Which is contradiction of the fact that 6 is
a irrational number. Clearly, 12576 > 4052 [a=12576, b= 4051]

Hence our supposition is wrong  12576 = 4051 × 3 + 420

 2  3 is an irrational number.  4052 = 420 × 9 + 272
 402 = 272 × 1 + 148

 EUCLID’S DIVISION LEMMA OR  272 = 148 × 1 + 124

EUCLID’S DIVISION ALGORITHM  148 = 124 × 1 + 24
For any two positive integers a and b there  124 = 24 × 5 + 4
exist unique integers q and r such that  24 = 4 × 6 + 0
A = bq + r, where 0  r < b. The remainder at this stage is 0. So, the
Let us consider a = 217, b = 5 and make the divisor at this stage, i.e., 4 is the HCF of
division of 217 by 5 as under : 12576 and 4052.
Divined
 Ex.8 Find the HCF of 1848, 3058 and 1331.

Divisor  5) 217(43  Quotient Sol. Two numbers 1848 and 3058, where 3058 >
1848
20
3058 = 1848 × 1 + 1210
17
1848 = 1210 × 1 638
15
[Using Euclid’s division algorithm to the
2  Remainder given number 1848 and 3058]

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1210 = 638 × 1 572 (ii) 432 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 24 × 33
638 = 572 × 1 + 66 (iii) 12600 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7 =
527 = 66 × 8 + 44 23 × 32 × 52 × 7

66 = 44 × 1 + 22 In general, a composite number is expressed

as the product of its prime factors written in
44 = 22 × 2 + 0
ascending order of their values.
Therefore HCF of 1848 and 3058 is 22.
HCF (1848 and 3058) = 22
COMPETITION WINDOW
Let us find the HCF of the numbers 1331 and
22. NUMBER OF FACTORS OF A
1331 = 22 × 60 + 11 NUMBER

22 = 11 × 2 + 10
 HCF of 1331and 22 is 11 To get number of factors (or divisors) of a
number N, express N as
 HCF (22, 1331) = 11
N = ap. bq. cr. ds………(a, b, c, d are prime
Hence the HCF of the given numbers 1848, numbers and p, q, r, s are indices)
3058 and 1331 is 11.
Then the number of total divisors or factors
HCF (1848, 3058, 1331) = 11 of N = (p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) (s + 1) ……
Ex.9 Using Euclid’s division, find the HCF of Eg. 540 = 22 × 33 × 51
56, 96 and 404
 total number of factors of 540 = (2 + 1)
Sol. Using Euclid’s division algorithm, to 56 and (3 + 1) (1 + 1) = 24
96.
96 = 56 × 1 + 40
SUM OF FACTORS OF A NUMBER
56 = 40 × 1 + 16
The sum of all factors of
40 = 16 × 2 + 8
(a p 1  1)(bq 1  1)(c r 1  1)(d s 1  1)
N
16 = 8×2+0 (a  1)(b-1)(c-1)(d-1)
Now to find HCF of 8 and 404 Eg. 270 = 2 × 33 × 5
We apply Euclid’s division algorithm to 404  Sum of factors of
and 8
(211  1)(331  1)(511  1)
404 = 8 × 50 + 4 270 
(2  1)(3  1)()5  1
8 = 4×2+0
3  80  24
Hence 4 is the HCF of the given numbers 56,   720
1 2  4
96 and 404.

PRODUCT OF FACTORS
 THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM
The product of factors of composite number N = N
OF ARITHMETIC n/2
, where n is the total number of factors of N.
Statement –
Eg. 360 = 23 × 32 × 51
“Every composite number can be factorised
 No. of factors of 360 = (3 + 1) (2 + 1) (1 + 1) =
as a product of prime numbers in a unique
24
way, except for the order in which the prime
numbers occur. Thus, the product of factors = (360)24/2 = (360)12

e.g.
(i) 90 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 2×32 × 5

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NUMBER OF ODD FACTORS OF A  USING THE FUNDAMENTAL
NUMBER THEOREM OF ARITHMETIC TO
To get the number of odd factors of a number N, FIND H.C.F. AND L.C.M.
express N as For any two number a and b.
N  ( p1a  p2b  p3c  .........)  (e x ) (a) L.C.M. (Least common multiple) =
Product of each prime factor with highest
(where p1, p2, p3………are the odd prime factors and powers
e is the even prime factor)
Then the total number of odd factors = (a + 1) (b +
1) (c + 1)…….
Eg. 90 = 21 × 32 × 51
(b) H.C.F. (Highest common factor) =
 Total number of odd factors of 90 = (2 + 1)(1 +
Product of common prime factor with lowest
1) = 6
power.

NUMBER OF EVEN FACTORS OF A

NUMBER
Number of even factors of a number = Total number
Remark : The above relations hold only for
of factors – Total number of odd factors.
two numbers.
Remark : The above relations hold only for
NUMBER OF WAYS TO EXPRESS A two numbers.
NUMBER AS A PRODUCT OF TWO
FACTORS
COMPETITION WINDOW
For any three positive integers p, q, r –
Let n be the number of total factors of a composite
number . HCF (P, q, r) × LCM (p, q, r)  p × q × r

Case – 1 : If the composite number is not a However , the following results hold good for the
perfect square then number of ways of expressing three positive integers p, q and r :
the composite number as a product of two factors
n

2
Case – 2 : If the composite number is a perfect
square then
(a) Number of ways of expressing the composite
Ex.10 Find the L.C.M. and H.C.F. of 1296 and 2520
n 1
number as a product of two factors  by applying the fundamental theorem of
2 arithmetic method i.e. using the prime
(b) Number of ways of expressing the composite factorisation method.
number as a product of two distinct factors
Sol. 1296 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × = 24 ×
(n  1) 34
 .
2
2520 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 23×32 × 5 ×
7

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= (77 + 1) × 13 = 78 × 13
 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = 2 × 3 × 13 × 13
= 2 × 3 × 132 is a composite number as
powers of prime occur.

COMPETITION WINDOW

HCF AND LCM OF FRACTIONS

HCF of Fractions : The greatest common fraction
is called the CHF of the given fractions.
L.C.M. = 24 × 34 × 5 × 7 = 45360
H.C.F. = 23 × 32 × = 72

Ex.11 Given that H.C.F. (306, 657) = 9. Find For example : The HCF of
L.C.M. (306, 657)
Sol. H.C.F. (306, 657) = 9 means H.C.F. of 306 4 4 2 36 HCF of 4, 4, 2, 36 2
and 657 = 9 , , ,  
3 9 15 21 LCM of 3, 9,15, 21 315
Required L.C.M. (306, 657) means required
L.C.M. of 306 and 657. Called the LCM of the fractions.
For any two positive integers ;

i.e., L.C.M. (306, 657)

For example : The LCM of
306  657
  22, 338 4 4 2 36 LCM of 4, 4, 2, 36 36
9 , , ,    12
3 9 15 21 HCF of 3, 9,15, 21 3

Ex.12 Given that L.C.M. (150, 100) = 300, find

H.C.F. (150, 100)
Sol. L.C.M. (150, 100) = 300
HCF AND LCM OF DECIMALS
 L.C.M. of 150 and 100 = 300
HCF
Since, the product of number 150 and 100 =
150 × 100 Step-1 : First of all equate the number of places in
all the numbers by using zeros, wherever
And , we know :
required .
Step-2 : Then considering these number as integers
find the HCF of these numbers.
Step-3 : Put the decimal point in the resultant value
as many places before the right most digit as
that of in the every equated number.

Ex.13 Explain why 7 × 13 +13 are composite

numbers : Ex. Find the HCF of 0.0005, 0.005, 0.15, 0.175,
0.5 and 3.5
Sol. (i) Let 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = (7 × 11 + 1) × 13

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Sol. 0.0005  5 0.0050  50 1
2. is –
0.1500  15 0.1750  1750 3
0.5000  5000 3.5000  35000 (A) A rational number (B) An irrational
number
Then the HCF of 5, 50, 1500, 1750, 5000, and (C) a whole number (D) None of these
35000 is 5. So, the HCF of the given numbers
3. 7 3 is –
is 0.0005.
(A) An irrational (B) A natural number

LCM (C) A rational number (D) None of these

Step-1: First of all equate the number of 4. 5  3 is –

places in all the given numbers by putting the (A) An integer (B) A rational number
minimum possible number of zeros at the end
(C) An irrational number
of the decimal numbers. wherever even
required. (D) None of these
Step-2 : Now consider the equated numbers as Circumference of the circle
integers and then find the LCM of these 5.  Diameter of the circle
numbers.
Step-3 : Put the decimal point in the LCM of
(A) A rational number
the number as many places as that of in the
equated numbers. (B) A whole number
(C) A positive integer

Ex. Find LCM of 1.8, 0.54 and 7.2. (D) None of these
6. HCF(p, q) × LCM (p, q) =
1.8  1.80  18 0
  p
0.54 0.54 54 (A) p + q (B)
q
7.2  7.20 720
(C) p × q (D) pq
7. HCF(p, q, r) . LCM (p, q, r) =
Sol. Now the LCM of 180, 54 and 720 is 2160. pq qr
(A) (B)
Therefore the required LCM is 21.60. r p
(C) p, q, r (D) None of these

8. If 3
32  2 x then x is equal to
EXERCISE – 1 (A) 5 (B) 3

(FOR SCHOOL / BOARD EXAMS) 3 5

(C) (D)
5 3
9. 0.737373… =
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
73
Choose The Correct One (A) (0.73)3 (B)
100
1. 2 is –
73
(C) (D) None of these
(A) An integer (B) A rational number 99
(C) An irrational number
(D) None of these

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10. If p is a positive prime integer, then p is – 21. If two positive integers p and q can be
expressed as p  18a 2b4 and q  20a3b2 ,
(A) A rational number (B) An irrational
number where a and b are prime numbers then LCM
(p,q) is :
(C) a positive integer (D) None of these
(A) 2a 2b 2 (B) 180a 2b 2

11. LCM of three numbers 28, 44, 132 is – (C) 12a 2b2 (D) 180a 5b 4
(A) 528 (B) 231 (C) 462 (D) 924 22. The greatest number which divides 281 and
12. If a is a positive integer and p be a prime 1249, leaving remainder 5 and 7 respectively,
number and p divides a2, then is

(A) a divides p (B) p divides a (A) 23 (B) 276 (C) 138 (D) 69

(C) p2 divides a (D) None of these 23. The LCM of three numbers 28, 44, 132 is :

2
(A) 258 (B) 231 (C) 462 (D) 924
1
13. Evaluate 3   24. If the product of two co-prime numbers is
6 553, then their HCF is :
(A) 4 (B) 16 (C) 32 (D) 64 (A) 1 (B) 553 (C) 7 (D) 79
a 3 2 3 25. The ‘p’ and ‘q’ are natural numbers and ‘p’ is
14. If a  , b then the value the multiple of ‘q’, then what is the HCF of
2 3 2 3
‘p’ and ‘q’ ?
of a + b is –
(A) pq (B) p (C) q (D) p + q
(A) 14 (B) – 14 (C) 8 3 (D)  3
26. The ratio of HCF to LCM of the smallest
15. If x  0.16 , then 3x is – composite number and the smallest prime
number is :
(A) 0.48 (B) 0.49
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 3
(C) 0.5 (D) 0.5 27. The HCF and the LCM of 12, 21, 15
2 x 3 x 3 respectively are :
 3 5
16. Find the value of x then     (A) 3,140 (B) 12,420 (C) 3,420 (D) 420, 3
5  3
28. The HCF of 135 and 225 is :
(A) x = 2 (B) x = - 2
(A) 15 (B) 75 (C) 45 (D) 5
(C) x = 1 (D) x = - 1
29. 325 can be expressed as a product of its
17. 1.3 is equal to – primes as :
(A) 3/4 (B) 2/3 (C) 4/3 (D) 2/5
(A) 52  7 (B) 52  13
18. The product of 4 6 and 3 24 is –
(C) 5  132 (D) 2  32  52
(A) 124 (B) 134 (C) 144 (D) 154
30. LCM of smallest two digit composite number
1 and smallest composite number is :
19. If x = (7 + 4 3 ), then the value of x  2 2

x (A) 12 (B) 4 (C) 20 (D) 44

is –
31. Product of HCF and LCM of 50 and 95 is :
(A) 193 (B) 194 (C) 195 (D) 196
(A) 2350 (B) 4750
n 2
20. If 16  8  2 , then m is equal to –
m
(C) 5530 (D) 4900
(A) n + 8 (B) 2n +10 32. HCF of 168 and 126 is :
(C) 3n + 2 (D) 3n + 10 (A) 21 (B) 42 (C) 14 (D) 18

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33. Prime factorisation of 8232 is : Choose the correct option from the following :

(A) 23  3  73 (B) 7 2  3  23 (A) (ii) only (B) (ii) and (iv)

(C) (i) and (iii) only (D) All
(C) 2  3  7 4 (D) 22  32  7 2
41. Which of the following is rational ?
34. Which of the following is a pair of co-primes
? (i) Sum of 2  3 and its reciprocal
(A) )14, 35) (B) (18, 25) (ii) Square root of 21
(C) (31, 93) (D) (32, 62) (iii) Square root of 8  5 3
1
35. The smallest number of which should be (iv) (5  2 3)2
13
multiplied so that its decimal expansion Choose the correction option from the
terminates after two decimal places is : following:
13 13 10 100 (A) (i) only (B) (ii) only
(A) (B) (C) (D)
100 10 13 13 (C) (iii) and (iv) (D) None of these

If a 2 
23 5 1 5 1
36. , then a is : 42. If a  , and b  , then :
25 5 1 5 1
(A) rational (B) irrational (i) ‘a’ is rational (ii) ‘b’ is irrational
(C) whole number (D) None of these (iii) a  b is rational (iv) a  b is rational
Choose the correction option from the
37. Which of these is a rational number ? following:
(A) 3 (B) 5 5 (A) (ii) and (iii) only (B) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

(C) 0.3466666.... (D) (C) (iii) and (iv) only (D) None of these
0.345210651372849.... 3 7
43. If x  , then :
7 2
38. The fraction has a terminating decimal
q 1
(i) 4 x2  16  6 7 (ii)  16  6 7
expansion. Which of these cannot be q ? x2
(A) 8  2 (B) 8  3 1
(iii) 4 x2   32
(C) 8  4 (D) 8  5 x2
39. The HCF and LCM of the polynomials 1
(iv) 4x 2 and are rational
12( x  x )
4 3
and 8( x  3x  2 x )
4 3 2 x2
respectively are Choose the correction option from the
following:
(i) 4 x 2 ( x  1) (ii) 4 x3 ( x  1)( x  2)
(A) (i) only (B) (ii) only
(iii) 2x (iv) 24x 3 (C) (i), (ii) and (iii) (D) All
Choose the correct option from the following : 44. If the HCF of 52 and 91 is expressible in the
(A) (i) and (ii) (B) (ii) and (iii) form 10m  3, then the value of m is :
(C) (iii) and (iv) (D) (i) and (iv) (A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 3
40. The sum of three non-zero prime number is 45. If two positive integers a and b are written as
100. One of them exceeds the other by 36, a  x 2 y and b  xy 2 ; x, y are prime numbers,
then the number could be :
then HCF(a, b) is :
(i) 2, 7, 91 (ii) 2, 31, 67
(A) xy (B) xy 2 (C) x5 y3 (D) x 2 y 2
(iii) 3, 32, 65 (iv) 11, 2, 87

SAGAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, BHOPAL 10

 SPSSPARK BATCH X/MATHEMATICS/REAL NUMBERS
46. If n is a natural number, then 252 n  92 n is 4. Write down the decimal expansions of the
always divisible by : following rational numbers :

(A) 16 (B) 34 241 19 25

(i) (ii) (iii)
(C) both 16 and 34 (D) None of these 2 35 2 256 1600
47. The product of HCF and LCM of the smallest 9 133
(iv) (v)
prime number and the smallest composite 30 2 35 4
number is : 5. Show that 5309 and 3072 are prime to each
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 other.
48. The greatest number which divides both 30 6. The HCF of two numbers is 119 and their LCM
and 80, leaving remainder 2 and 3 is 11781. If one of the numbers is 1071, find the
respectively is : other.
(A) 10 (B) 7 (C) 14 (D) 11 7. The LCM of two numbers is 2079 and their
49. Which of these numbers always end with the HCF is 27. If one of the numbers is 189, find
digits 6? the other.
8. Find the prime factorization of the following
(A) 4n (B) 2n (C) 6n (D) 8n
numbers :
50. Given HCF (90, 144) = 18 and LCM (90, (i) 10000 (ii) 2160 (iii) 396
144) = 10 × k, then value of ‘k’ is :
(iv) 4725 (v) 1188
(A) 85 (B) 90 (C) 72 (D) 56

EXERCISE – 2
(FOR SCHOOL / BOARD EXAMS)

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Show that product of two numbers 60 and 84 is
equal to the product of their HCF and LCM.
2. The product of two numbers is 396 × 576 and 9. Find the missing numbers in the following
their LCM is 6336. Find their HCF. factorisation :
3. Without actually performing the long division,
state whether the following rational numbers
Short Answer Type Questions
have a terminating decimal expansion or a non-
terminating repeating decimal expansion : 10. Find the greatest length which can be
contained exactly in 10 m 5 dm 2cm 4mm
1 1 22 3 and 12m 7dm 5cm 2mm.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
7 11 7 5
11. Find the greatest measure which is exactly
7 2 27 13 contained in 10 liters 857 millilitres and 15
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
20 13 40 125 litres 87 millilitres.
23 42 12. Consider the number 4n, where n is a natural
(ix) (x) number. Check whether there is any value of
7 100
n  N for which 4n ends with the digit zero.

SAGAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, BHOPAL 11

 SPSSPARK BATCH X/MATHEMATICS/REAL NUMBERS
13. Find the LCM and HCF of 6 and 20 by the 33. Prove that 2 2 is irrational.
prime factorisation method.
1
14. Find the HCF of 12576 and 4052 by using 34. Prove that is irrational.
the prime factorisation method. 5
15. Find the HCF and LCM of 6, 72 and 120 35. Prove that 7  3 is irrational.
using the prime factorisation method.
36. Prove that 8  2 is irrational.
16. Find the prime factors of the following
numbers : 37. Find the least number which when divided
by 12, 16 and 24 leaves remainder 7 in each
(i) 1300 (ii) 13645 (iii) 3456 case.
17. Find the LCM and HCF of 18, 24, 60, 150 38. Prove that 4n can never end with digit 0,
18. Find the HCF and LCM of 60, 32, 45, 80, where n is a natural number.
36, 120 39. Find the greatest 3-digit number which is
19. Split 4536 and 18511 into their prime divisible by 18, 24 and 36.
factors and hence find their LCM and HCF. 40. Check whether 12n can end with the digit 0
20. Prove that 5 is irrational. for any natural number n.
41. Given that HCF (120, 160) = 40, find LCM
21. Prove that 7 is irrational.
(120, 160).
1 42. If HCF of 144 and 180 is expressed in the
22. Prove that is irrational.
3 form 13m  16. Find the value of m.

23. Prove that 3 5 is irrational. 43. What is the smallest number which when
divided by 39, 52 and 91 leaves a remainder
24. Prove that 3  3 is irrational. of 13 in each case ?

25. Prove that 7  2 is irrational. 44. Prove that p  q is irrational, where p, q

are primes.
26. Prove that 5  5 is irrational.
45. There is a circular path around a sports field,
27. Prove that 3 2 is irrational. Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive one round
28. What is the greatest number by which 1037 of the field, while Ravi takes 12 minutes for
and 1159 can both be divided exactly ? the same. Suppose they both start at the
29. Find the greatest number which both same point and at the same time, and go in
2458090 and 867090 will contain an exact the same direction. After how many minutes
number of times. will they meet again at the starting point ?

30. Find the greatest weight which can be 46. What is the least multiple of 7 which when
contained exactly in 3 kg 7 hg 8 dag 1 g divided by 3, 12 and 16 leaves remainder 3
and 9 kg 5 dag 4 g. in each case.

31. Find the LCM of the following using prime 47. Find the smallest number which when
factorization method. : divided by 25, 40 and 60 leaves remainder 7
in each case.
(i) 72, 90, 120
48. What is the greatest number that will divide
(ii) 24, 63, 70 63, 138 and 228 so as to leave the same
(iii) 455, 117, 338 remainder in each case ?
(iv) 225, 240, 208 49. A street shopkeeper prepares 396 Gulab
(v) 2184, 2730, 3360 jamuns and 342 ras-gullas. He packs them,
in combination. Each container consists of
32. Prove that 3 is irrational. either gulab jamuns or ras-gullas but have

SAGAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, BHOPAL 12

 SPSSPARK BATCH X/MATHEMATICS/REAL NUMBERS
equal number of pieces. Find the number of
pieces he should put in each box so that
umber of bioxes are least. How many boxes
will be packed in all ?
50. What will be the least possible number of
the plants, if three pieces of timber 42 m, 49
m, and 63 m long have to be divided into
planks of the same length ?
Observe the given factor tree and answer the
51. A tailor is creating a special commemorative following :
quit out of patches of fabric donated by
(i) What will be the value of x ?
three local schools. Each school provides
their fabirc in strips of district lengths; 30 (ii) What will be the value of y ?
cm, 72 cm and 432 cm. The tailor wants to (iii) (a) According to fundamental theorem
cut these strips into smaller patches of equal of arithmaetic 13915 is a composite number.
length without any fabric waste. The patch Explain.
size must be the largest possible to honour OR
the contribution of each school equality.
(b) Express13915 as its prime factors.
52. 3 bells ring at an interval of 4, 7 and 14 Explain why this prime factorisation
minutes. All three bell rang at 6 am, when unique?
the three balls will the ring together next ?
Q.58. To enhance the reading skills of grade X
53. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 9 students the school nominates you and two
and 360 respectively. If one number is 45, of your friends to set up a class library.
find the other number. There are 32 students in section A and 36
54. A forester wants to plant 66 apple trees, 88 students in section B.
banana trees and 110 mango trees i equal Based on the given information, answer the
rows (in terms of number of trees. Also, he following questions :
wants to make distinct roots of the trees
(i) Express 36 as product of its primes.
(only one type of tree in one row). Find the
minimum number of rows required. (ii) If p and q are positive integers such that
55. Find the smallest pair of 4 digit numbers p  ab2 and q  a 2b, where a, b are prime
such that the difference between them is 303 numbers, then find LCM (p, q).
and their HCF is 101. (iii) (a) What is the minimum number of
56. Is 3  3  4  28  1 is a composite number ? books you will acquire for the class library,
Justify your answer. so that they can be distributed equally
among students of Section A or Section B ?

Case Study OR

57. A Mathematics exhibition is being (b) If the product of two positive integers is
conducted in your School and one of your equal to the product of their HCF and LCM
friends is creating a model of a factor tree. is true then, find HCF (32, 36).
He’s having some difficulty and asks for Q.59. A seminar is being conducted by an
your help in completing a quiz for the Educational Organisation, where the
audience. participants will be educators of different
subjects. The number of participants in
Hindi, English and Mathematics are 60, 84
and 108.
Based on the given information, answer
the following questions :

SAGAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, BHOPAL 13

 SPSSPARK BATCH X/MATHEMATICS/REAL NUMBERS
(i) Find the LCM of 60, 84 and 108. 4. What is the least possible number which when
(ii) Find the product of HCF and LCM of divided by 24, 32 or 42 in each case it leaves
60, 84, and 108. the remainder 5 ?

Q.60. Khushi wants to organize her birthday party. (A) 557 (B) 677
Being health conscious, she decided to serve (C) 777 (D) None of these
only fruits in her birthday party. She bought 5. In Q.N. 4, how many numbers are possible
36 apples and 60 bananas and decided to between 666 and 8888 ?
distribute fruits equally among all guest.
(A) 10 (B) 11
Based on above information answer the
(C) 12 (D) 13
following :
6. What is the least number which when divided
(i) How many guest Khushi can invite at the
by 8, 12 and 16 leaves 3 as the remainder in
most ?
each case, but when divided by 7 leaves no
(ii) How many apples and bananas will each remainder ?
guest get ?
(A) 147 (B) 145
(iii) (a) If Khushi decides to add 42
(C) 197 (D) None of these
mangoes, how many guest Khushi can invite
at the most ? 7. What is the least possible number which when
divided by 18, 35 or 42 leaves 2, 19, 26 as the
OR
remainders respectively ?
(b) If the cost of 1 dozen banana is Rs. 60,
(A) 514 (B) 614
cost of 1 apple is Rs. 15 and cost of 1
mango is Rs. 20, find the total amount spent (C) 314 (D) None of these
on 60 bananas, 36 apples and 42 mangoes. 8. What is the least possible number which when
divided by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 leaves the remainders
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively ?
EXERCISE – 3 (A) 39 (B) 48
(FOR SCHOOL / BOARD EXAMS
(C) 59 (D) None of these
PREVIOUS YEARS BOARD (CBSE) QUESTIONS
9. In Q.No. 8, what is the least possible 3 digit
number which is divisible by 11 ?
Choose The Correct One (A) 293 (B) 539
1. The greatest possible number with which (C) 613 (D) None of these
when we divide 37 and 58, leaves the
10. How many numbers lie between 11 and 1111
respective remainder of 2 and 3, is -
which when divided by 9 leave a remainder of
(A) 2 (B) 5 6 and when divided by 21 leave a remainder
(C) 10 (D) None of these of 12?
2. The largest possible number with which when (A) 18 (B) 28
60 and 98 are divided, leaves the remainder 3 (C) 8 (D) None of these
in each case, is –
11. If x divides y (written as x | y) and y | z, (x, y,
(A) 38 (B) 18 z  z) then –
(C) 19 (D) None of these (A) x | z (B) z | y
3. The largest possible number with which when (C) z | x (D) None of these
38, 66 and 80 are divided the remainders
12. If x | y, where x > 0, y > 0 (x, y  z) then –
remain the same is –
(A) x < y (B) x = y
(A) 14 (B) 7
(C) x  y (D) x  y
(C) 28 (D) None of these

SAGAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, BHOPAL 14

 SPSSPARK BATCH X/MATHEMATICS/REAL NUMBERS
13. If a | b, then gcd of a and b is – 1 1
(A) (B)
(A) a (B) b 4 2
(C) ab (D) Can’t be determined 3
(C) (D) None of these
14. If gcd of b and c is g and d | b & d | c, then – 4
(A) d = g (B) g | d 24. If x and y are rational numbers such that xy
(C) d | g (D) None of these
is irrational , then x  y is –
15. If x, y  R and | x | + | y | = 0, then –
(A) Rational (B) Irrational
(A) x > 0, y < 0 (B) x < 0, y > 0
(C) Non-real (D) None of these
(C) x = 0, y = 0 (D) None of these
25. If x and y are positive real numbers, then –
16. If a, b, c  R and a2 + b2 +c2 = ab + bc + ca,
then – (A) x  y  x y
(A) a = b = c (B) a = b = c = 0
(B) x  y  x y
(C) a, b, c are distinct (D) None of these
17. If x, y  R and x < y  x2 > y2 then – (C) x  y  x y
(A) x > 0 (B) y > 0 (D) None of these
(C) x < 0 (D) y < 0 26. If ( 2  3 ) 2  a  b 6 , where a, b  Q,
18. If x, y  R and x > y  | x | > | y |, then – then –
(A)(B)(C)(D) (A) a = 5, b = 6 (B) a = 5, b = 2
(A) x > 0 (B) y > 0 (C) a = 6, b = 5 (D) None of these
(C) x < 0 (D) y < 0 27. If x  R, then | x | =
19. If x, y  R and x > y  | x | < | y | , then – (A) x (B) –x
(A) x < 0 (B) x > 0 (C) max {x, -x} (D) min {x, -x}
(C) y > 0 (D) y < 0 15
28. is equal to –
20.  and e are – 10  20  40  125
(A) Natural numbers (B) Integers
(A) 5 (5  2 ) (B) 5 (2  2 )
(C) Rational numbers (D) Irrational numbers.
21. If a, b  R and a < b, then – (C) 5 ( 2  1) (D) 5 (3  2 )
1 1 1 1 2  3  2  3 is equal to –
(A)  (B)  29.
a b a b
(C) a2 > b2 3
(A) 3 (B)
(D) Nothing can be said
2
22. If x is a non-zero rational number and xy is 2
(C) (D) 6
irrational, then y must by – 3
(A) a rational number
3 1
(B) an irrational number 30. The expression is equal to –
2 2  3 1
(C) non-zero
(D) an integer
(A) 2 3 4 6

23. The arithmetical fraction that exceeds it’s (B) 6 4 3 2

square by the greatest quantity is –
(C) 6 4 3 2

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 SPSSPARK BATCH X/MATHEMATICS/REAL NUMBERS
(D) None of these 41. By what number should 1365 be divided to
get 31 as quotient and 32 as remainder ?

31. If x, y, z are real numbers such that (A) 42 (B) 34 (C) 34 (D) 43

x  1  y  2  z  3 = 0 then the 42. What is the greatest number of 5 digits which

is exactly divisible by 24, 54, 27 and 36 ?
values of x, y, z are respectively
(A) 99792 (B) 99576
(A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 0, 0, 0
(C) 99999 (D) 99874
(C) 2, 3, 1 (D) None of these
43. Find the numerator of rational number which
32. If a, b, c  R and a > b  ac < bc, then –
can be written as 1.25 .
(A) c  0 (B) c  0
(A) 99 (B) 124 (C) 127 (D) 101
(C) c > 0 (D) c < 0
44. When a number N is divided by 39 leaves
33. If a, b, c  R and ac = bc  a = b, then – remainder 29, then find the remainder when N
(A) c  0 (B) c  0 is divided by 13.
(C) c  0 (D) c  0 (A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 5
34. Between any two distinct rational numbers – 45. What is the greatest possible length which can
be used to exactly measure the lengths 5 m 69
(A) There lie infinitely many rational
cm and 6 m 72 cm ?
numbers.
(A) 56 cm (B) 80 cm (C) 112 cm (D)72
(B) There lies only one rational number.
cm
(C) There lie only finitely many numbers.
46. The ratio of three numbers are 6 : 8 : 9 and
(D) There lie only rational numbers. their H.C.F. is 5. Find the difference between
35. The total number of divisors of 10500 except the largest and the smallest number.
1 and itself is – (a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 5 (d) 10
(A) 48 (B) 50 (C) 46 (D) 56 47. When 17053 is divided by a certain number,
36. The sum is the factors of 19600 is – then the quotient and remainder are 396 and 5
(A) 54777 (B) 33667 respectively and divisor is m2  39, where m
(C) 5428 (D) None of these is a positive integer. Find the value of m.
37. The product of divisors of 7056 is – (a) 2 and 4 (b) 6 (c) 8
(A) (84)48 (B) (84)44 48. The L.C.M. and H.C.F. of two numbers is
5772 and 4 respectively. If one of the number
(C) (84)45 (D) None of these
is divided by 39, then the quotient is 4. What
38. The number of odd factors (or divisors) of 24 is the difference between the two numbers ?
is–
(A) 26 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 32
(A) 2 (B) 3
49. If a  3 5 7  5 7  9 and
(C) 1 (D) None of these b  7 11 17  19 19  23, then which of
39. The number of even factors (or divisors) of 24 the following is correct?
is –
(A) a is a composite number
(A) 6 (B) 4
(B) b is a composite number
(C) 8 (D) None of these
(C) ab is a composite number
40. In how many ways can 576 be expressed as a
(D) All of these
product of two distinct factors ?
(A) 10 (B) 11
(C) 21 (D) None of these

SAGAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, BHOPAL 16

 SPSSPARK BATCH X/MATHEMATICS/REAL NUMBERS
543 2  m  5 n (a) 27.75 (b) 18.75 (c) 23.50 (d)
50. If  , where m and n are non
20000 (543)1 16.50

negative integers, then find the value of

m
mn  .
n

ANSWERS
● Short Answer Type Questions
EXERCISE – 1
11. 141 m mllilitres 12. No 13. 60, 2
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C
14. 4 15. 6, 360
5. D 6. C 7. D 8. D
16. (i) 2 × 5 × 13 ; (ii) 3×5×7×13 ; (iii) 27 × 33
2 2
9. C 10. B 11. D 12. B
17. 1800, 6 18. 1, 1440
13. B 14. B 15. A 16. A
19. 149688, 567
17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D
28. 61 29. 10 30. 1 hg 9 dag 9 g
21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A
31. (i) 360 ; (ii) 2520 ; (iii) 106470 ; (iv) 46800 ;
25. C 26. A 27. C 28. C
(v) 43680
29. B 30. C 31. B 32. B
37. 55 39. 936
33. A 34. B 35. A 36. B
41. 480 42. 4 43. 1105
37. C 38. B 39. A 40. A
44. 45. 36 min 46. 147
41. A 42. B 43. C 44. C
47. 607 48. 15 49. 41
45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B
50. 22 51. 6 cm 52. 6:8 am
49. C 50. C
53. 72 54. 12
55. 1313 & 1010 56. 1009
EXERCISE – 2 57. (i) x  13915 (ii) y  11 (iii) (b) 5  112  23
Very Short Answer Type Questions
2. 36. 58. (i) 36 = 22  32 (ii) a 2b 2 (iii) (a) 288 or (b) 4
3. (i) Non-terminating repeating ; 59. (i) 3780 (ii) 45360 (iii) (a) 21 or (b) 12
(ii) Non-terminating repeating ; 60. (i) 12 (ii) 3 & 5 (iii) (a) 6 or (b) 1680
(iii) Non-terminating repeating
(iv) Terminating ;
(v) Terminating
EXERCISE – 3
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B
(vi) Non-terminating repeating
5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C
(vii) Terminating ; (viii) Terminating
9. B 10. A 11. A 12. C
(ix) Non-terminating repeating ;
13. A 14. C 15. C 16. A
(x) Terminating
17. D 18. B 19. A 20. D
4. (i) 1.205 ; (ii) 0.07421875 ;
21. D 22. B 23. B 24. B
(iii) 0.015625 ; (iv) 0.0266
25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D
6. 1309 7. 297
4 4 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. D
8. (i) 2 × 5 ; (ii) 24 × 33 × 5 ;
33. D 34. A 35. C 36. A
(iii) 22 × 32 × 11 ; (iv) 33 × 52 × 7 ;
37. C 38. A 39. A 40. A
(v) 22 × 33 × 11
41. D 42. A 43. B 44. A
9. (a) 4800 ; (b) 2400 ; (c) 1200 ;
45. C 46. A 47. A 48. B
(d) 600 ; (e) 300 ‘ (f) 150 ‘
49. D 50. B
(g) 75 ; (h) 25

SAGAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, BHOPAL 17