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LED Characteristics

The document outlines an experiment to study the voltage-current (V-I) characteristics of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and their threshold voltages. It includes the theory behind electroluminescence, the construction and operation of LEDs, and the procedure for conducting the experiment. Additionally, it highlights the applications of LEDs and provides precautions to avoid damaging the diodes during testing.

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pavantejaramineni
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33 views4 pages

LED Characteristics

The document outlines an experiment to study the voltage-current (V-I) characteristics of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and their threshold voltages. It includes the theory behind electroluminescence, the construction and operation of LEDs, and the procedure for conducting the experiment. Additionally, it highlights the applications of LEDs and provides precautions to avoid damaging the diodes during testing.

Uploaded by

pavantejaramineni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

Aim: To study the V -I characteristics of light emitting diode (LED) and also the threshold
voltages of different LEDs given.
Apparatus: LED kit with D.C. Regulated power supply (0-3V), Voltmeter and Ammeter
arrangement, connecting wires.
Theory:

Luminescence is a term used to describe the emission of radiation from a solid when the
solid is supplied with some form of energy. Electroluminescence ---- excitation results
from applying an electric field. Electroluminescence occurs in a p—n junction diode
injection, emitting light when the junction is forward-biased. The Light emitting diode
is a two-lead semiconductor light source. In 1962, Nick Holonyak came up with the idea
of the light-emitting diode, and he was working for the General Electric company. LED
is a special type of diode with electrical characteristics similar to those of a PN junction
diode. Hence the LED allows the flow of current in the forward direction and blocks the
current in the reverse direction. The LED occupies a small area which is less than 1 mm2.
The applications of LEDs are used to make various electrical and electronic projects. The
light-emitting diode is a p-n junction diode. It is a specially doped diode and made up of
a special type of semiconductor. When the light emits in the forward bias, then it is called
a light-emitting diode.

Fig.1. Schematic of LED and exciton formation.

The Light light-emitting diode (LED) is a solid-state source. Free electrons and holes
recombine at the junction in a forward-biased rectifier diode. The electron combined with
the hole falls from a higher energy level in the conduction band to a lower one in the
valence band. As the electron transition occurs from a higher energy level (E2) to a lower
energy level (E1), it radiates energy (E= E2 – E1) in the form of heat and light. LEDs made
up of Ga, As & P produce red, green, yellow, and infrared light. LEDs have a typical;
voltage drop from 1.5V to 2.5V for currents between 10 to 50mA. The TIL 221, a red
LED has a maximum reverse voltage of 3V.

Fig.2. Band diagram of LED (excitation).

 The number of radiative recombination is proportional to the carrier injection rate

 Carrier injection rate is related to the current flowing in the junction

 If the transition takes place between states (conduction and valance bands) the
emission wavelength,

λg= hc/(EC-EV)

EC-EV= Eg

λg = hc/Eg
Procedure:

 Connect the 0-3V DC supply to input sockets properly.


 Connect the voltmeter & current meter to the circuit as per the given circuit
diagram.
 Switch on the instrument using the ON/OFF toggle switch.
 Keep the output potentiometer fully anticlockwise. Vary the input voltage in
small steps & note down the observations in the given table. Plot the graph
between voltage vs. current.
Circuit Diagram:
Model Graph:

Tabular Column:
S.No. Voltage (V) Current (mA)
Precaution:

 Accidentally applying reverse voltage of 3V or above may destroy


or degrade the LED characteristics.
 DC supply inputs must be connected according to the polarity.

Applications:
Low voltage, long life, and fast on/off switching are the traits of LED which leeway for
vast applications.

 Display units for several electronic gadgets.


 Power supply indicators.
 LED Bulbs are general applications.
 Burglar –alarm system.

Result:
The voltage-current (V-I) characteristics of the given light-emitting diode ( ) is
studied and the threshold voltage is found to be.

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