COMPLEX NUMBERS

SERIAL NO CONTENTS PAGE NO:

1. MIND MAP 2-3

2. SYNOPSIS 4-15

3. SUB – TOPIC BASED EXERCISE 16-27

4. NCERT BASED EXERCISES 28-31

5. COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS (CBSE) 32-38

6. CW & HW 39-41

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NOTE: Mind Map may contain additional information.

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS

1. INTRODUCTION :
Indian mathematician Mahavira (850 A.D.) was first to mention in his work 'Ganitasara Sangraha' As in nature of
things a negative (quantity) is not a square (quantity), it has, therefore, no square root. Hence there is no real
number ' x ' which satisfies the polynomial equation x 2  1  0 .

T o s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m we extend the system of real numbers to a system of numbers which will supply us
with a root of the above equation.

For such extension, let us take recourse to the points of the plane. With an origin (0, 0) and suitably chosen x-axis
and y-axis, we denote a point on the plane by (a, b). By virtue of Cantor-Dedekind axiom, we are free to make no
distinction between a real number and the point on the x-axis that represents it. So, each real number a is now of
the form (a, 0). Thus, we arrive at the threshold of getting an extension of the system of real numbers.

A symbol 1 , denoted by letter i was introduced by Swiss Mathematician, Leonhard Euler(1707-1783) in

1748 to provide solutions of equation x 2  1  0 . i was regarded as a fictitious or imaginary number which could
be manipulated algebrically like an ordinary real number, except that its square was -1. The letter ' i ' was used to
denote 1 , possibly because i is the first letter of the Latin word 'imaginarius'

 An imaginary number i (iota) is defined as 1 i.e., i  1 hence i 2  1,

i 3  i and i 4  1 In general, i 4n  1, i 4n1  i , i 4n 2  1 and i 4n3  i , where n is any integer
Note: Sum of four consecutive powers of i is always equal to zero.
200
For example: i
n1
n
 i  i 2  i 3  i 4  .....  i 200  0

Thus, any integral power of i can be expressed as 1 or i .

Illustration:

i592  i590  i588  i584

Find the value of 2
i582  i580  i578  i574

i592  i590  i588  i584 i584

Sol.  2  2
i582  i580  i578  i574 i574
 i10  2  1  2  1

To permit solutions of such polynomial equations, the set of complex numbers is introduced. We can consider a
complex number as having the form a  ib where a and b are real number.
It is denoted by z i.e. z  a  ib . ' a ' is called as real part of z which is denoted by Re(z) and 'b' is called as
imaginary part of z which is denoted by Im (z).

1.1 Classification of complex number :

In fact every complex can be classified as

Hence, 0  0i is both a purely real as well as a purely imaginary but not imaginary.

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 Complex number

 If x, y  R, then an ordered pair  x , y   x  iy is called a complex number. It is denoted by z. Where x is

real part or Re(z) and y is imaginary part or Im (z) of the complex number.
(i) If Re  z   x  0, then z is called purely imaginary number
(ii) If Im  z   y  0 then z is called purely real number.
Note: The set of all possible ordered pairs is called complex number set, is denoted by C

1.2 Geometrical representation of a complex number:

Every complex number can be represented as a set of ordered pair  a, b  on a plane called complex plane / argand
plane.
All complex numbers lying on the real axis were called as purely real and those lying on imaginary axis as purely
imaginary.

Note:
(a) The set R of real number is a proper subset of the Complex Numbers. Hence the complete number system is
W    
(b) Zero is purely real as well as purely imaginary but not imaginary.

(c) a b  ab only if atleast one of a or b is non-negative.

(d) z12  z22  0  z1  0  z2 i.e., z1  1  i and z1  1  i .

2. ALGEBRA OF COMPLEX NUMBER :

2.1 Equality of complex number :

Let there be two complex numbers z1  x1  iy1 and z2  x2  iy2 . If z1  z2 then Re  z1   Re  z2  and
Im  z1   Im  z2  .
i.e., if x1  iy1  x2  iy2  x1  x2 and y1  y2
 x1  x2 and y1  y2 simultaneously.
Illustration
 
Find the real values of x and y for which the equation ( x4  2 xi)  3x 2  yi   3  5i   1  2 yi  is satisfied.
   
Sol. Given equation x 4  2 xi  3x 2  yi   3  5i   1  2 yi   ( x 4  3x 2 )  i (2 x  3 y )  4  5i

Equating real and imaginary parts, we get

1
From (i) and (ii). we get x  2 and y  3,
3

Note : Inequality in complex numbers are never talked. If x1  iy1  x2  iy2 has to be meaningful  y1  y2  0 .
Equalities however in complex numbers are meaningful. Two complex numbers z1 and z2 are said to be equal if
Re z1  Re z2 and Im  z1   Im  z2  (i.e. they occupy the same position on complex plane)

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2.2 Addition :
z1  z2  ( x1  iy1 )  (x 2  iy2 )   x1  x2   i  y1  y2   C.
It is easy to observe that the sum of two complex numbers is a complex number whose real (imaginary) part is
the sum of the real (imaginary) parts of the given numbers:

2.3 Subtraction :
z1  z2  ( x1  iy1 )  (x 2  iy2 )   x1 - x2   i  y1 - y2   C.

That is Re  z1  z2   Re  z1   Re  z2  ;

Im  z1  z2   Im  z1   Im  z2  .

2.4 Multiplication :
z1.z2   x1  iy1  x2  iy2     x1 x2  y1 y2   i  x1 y2  x2 y1   C

In other words Re  z1 z2   Re  z1  .Re  z2   Im  z1  .Im  z2 

and Im  z1 z2   Im  z1  .Re  z2   Im  z2  .Re  z1 

For a real number A, and a complex number z  x  iy .

.z    x  iy    x  i y  C
is the product of a real number with a complex number. The following properties are obvious :
(a)   z1  z2    z1   z2

(b)   2 z    12  z;

(c)  1  2  z  1 z  2 z for all z, z1 , z2  C and  , 1 , 2 

Actually, relations (a) and (c) are special cases of the distributive law and relation (b) comes from the associative
law of multiplication for complex numbers.

2.5 Division of Complex Number :

Le z1  x1  iy1 &m z2  x2  iy2

z1 x1  iy1

 x  iy1  x2  iy2 
 2
Then
z2 x2  iy2  x2  iy2  x2  iy2 


 x1 x2  y1 y2   i  y1 x2  x2 y2 
x 2
2  y22 
 x x  y y   y x  x y 
  1 22 12 2   i  1 22 12 2 
 x2  y2   x2  y2 

z1 z  z 
 Re  1   i Im  1 
z2  z2   z2 

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2.6 Square Root of Complex Number ( OPTIONAL ) :

Let z  x  iy be the given complex number and we have to obtain its square root. Let
a  ib   x  iy   a2  b2  2iab  x  iy and y  2ab
1/2

   
2 2
 x2  a 2  b2  4a 2 b 2  x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2

| z| x | z | x | z | x | z | x
 a2  a  b2  b
2 2 2 2

 | z |  Re  z  | z |  Re  z  
 x  iy  a  ib    i 
 2 2 
 

Replacing i by i , we get

 | z |  Re  z  | z |  Re  z  
x  iy    i 
 2 2 
 

Illustration :

Find the square root of 3  4i

Sol. Let 3  4i  a  ib  3  4i  a2  b2  2ab  a2  b2  3 , 2ab  4

a 
2
 a 2  b2  2
 b2  4a 2b  9  16  5

 a  ib     2  i 

Alternative method:

 53 53 
Using formula; 3  4i    i   2  i
 2 2 

PROPERTIES OF ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS:

 Let z1  x1  iy1 and z2  x2  iy2 be two complex numbers then

(i) z1  z2   x1  x2   i  y1  y2 
(ii) z1  z2   x1  x2   i  y1  y2 
(iii) z1z2   x1 x2  y1 y2   i  x1 y2  x2 y1 
(iv) z1  z2 iff x1  x2 and y1  y2
(v) Additive inverse of z  x  iy is  z   x  iy
1 x  iy z
(vi) Multiplicative inverse of z  x  iy is  2  2 when x 2  y 2  0
z x y 2
z

(vii)
z1  x  iy2  where z  x  iy and z  x  iy For example the value of z1 where
  x1  iy1  22
z2 x2  y22 1 1 2 2 2
z2
z1 2  3i  2  3i 1  2i  8  i
z1  2  3i , is   
z 2 1  2i 1 4 5
1 1 i 1 i
Note: (i) 1  i   2i (ii) 1  i   2i
2 2
(iii)  i (iv) i (v)  i
i 1 i 1 i

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3. THREE IMPORTANT TERMS WITH RESPECT TO COMPLEX NUMBER :
3.1 Conjugate of Complex Number : 
Conjugate of a complex number z  a  ib is denoted and defined by z  a  ib . 
In a complex number if we replace i by i , we get conjugate of the complex number, z is the mirror image of z
about real axis on Argand's Plane.

Geometrical representation of conjugate of complex number

Note : 
(a) z  z  2Re z
(b) z  z  2i Im z
(c) z z  a 2  b2 , where z  a  ib 
(d)If z lies in 1st quadrant then z lies 4th quadrant and  z in the 2nd Quad.
(e)Further , g  x  iy   f  a  ib   g  x  iy   f  a  ib 
e.g. sin   i   x  iy  sin      x  iy

CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER:

 The conjugate of a complex number z  x  iy is denoted by z and it is defined as z  x  iy

Note: The conjugate of a purely real number is the number itself

PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER

 If z  C the
(i)  z   z (ii) z  z  2 Re  z  (iii) z  z  2i Im  z 
If z1 , z2  C then
z  z
(i) z1  z2  z1  z2 (ii) z1  z2  z1  z2 (iii) z1z2  z1 . z2 (iv)  1   1 if z2  0
 z2  z2
(v) z1 .z2  z1 . z2
 x 2  y 2 is called modulus (or) absolute value of the complex number z  x  iy is denoted by z (or) r
Note:
(i) z   z  z   z  x 2  y 2
(ii) Modulus of a complex number is the distance of the point  x , y  from origin in argand plane.

3.2 Modulus of Complex Number :

Modulus of complex number is a distance of the point on the argand plane representing the complex number ' x '
from the origin.

If P denotes a complex number z  x  iy then OP | z | x2  y 2

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 Note :
(i) | z | 0 .
(ii) All complex numbers having the same modulus lie on a circle with centre as origin and radius r | z | .

PROPERTIES OF MODULUS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER:

 If z  C then
(i) z 0 z0
n
(ii) zn  z , n 

(iii) If z  1, then z is called unimodulus

zz  z
2
(iv)

(v)  z  Re  z  ,Im  z   z
 If z1 , z2  C then
(i) z1z2  z1 z2

z1 z
(ii)  1
z2 z2

z1  z2  z1  z2  2Re  z1z2 
2 2 2
(iii)

z1  z2  z1  z2  2Re  z1z2 
2 2 2
(iv)

z1  z2  z1  z2  2   z1  z2 
2 2 2 2
(v)
 
z1  z2  z1  z2  4Re  z1z2 
2 2
(vi)

2 2 2 z1
(vii) z1  z2  z1  z2  is a purely imaginary when z2  0
z2

Illustration :
Find the modulus of the following complex numbers

1 3 3 1 3 1  3 
(i) i (ii) i (iii) 1  cos  i sin  ,     , 3
2 2 2 2 2 2  2 
2
1  3
2
1 3
Sol: (i) z   i | z |      1
2 2  2   2 

2 2
 3 1  3 1 3 1 2 3  3 1 2 3
(ii) | z |        1  1 Ans.
 2 2   2 2  8

     
(iii) z  1  cos   i sin   2cos2  2i sin .cos  2cos cos  i sin
2 2 2 2  2 2 

    3   
| z | 2cos Ans   ,   cos  0 
2 2  2 4  2 

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3.3 Argument of Complex Number :

Angle   made by the line segment joining the point on the complex plane representing the complex
number z to the origin from the positive real axis is called argument of complex number z which is
denoted as arg  z   

(i) General Argument :

If OP makes an angle  with real axis then  is called one of the argument of z. General values of argument of z
are given by 2n   , n  I . Note that any two argument of the same complex number z , differ by 2 .


e.g. If z  1  i, i  1 then arg  z  
2
4


.'. General value of argument of z  2n  , n  I
4

Note that by specifying the modulus and argument, a complex number is completely defined. However for the
complex number 0 + 0 i the argument is not defined and this is the only complex number which is completely
defined by talking in terms of its modulus, i.e., | z | 0 .

(ii) Amplitude (Principal value of argument) :

The unique value of 0 such that      is called principal value of argument. Unless otherwise stated, amp z
refers to the principal value of argument.
Working rule for finding principal argument of Complex number Z
Let z  a  ib
First compute
Case I: If z lies in I quadrant i.e. a, b  0
then amp  z     

Case II : If z lies in II quadrant i.e. a  0, b  0

then amp  z        

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Case III: If z lies in III quadrant i.e. a  0, b  0
then amp  z         

Case IV: If z lies in IV quadrant i.e a  0, b  0

then amp  z     

Note :
(i) If z is purely real positive complex number then amp  z   0 .


(ii) If z is purely imaginary positive complex number then amp  z   .
2

(iii) If z is purely real negative complex number then amp  z    .


(iv) If z is purely imaginary neagative complex number then amp  z   .
2

Illustration :
Find the amplitude of
1  3i
(a) 1  i 3 (b) (c) sin   i 1  cos   , 0    
3i
b 3 
Sol.(a) Let, z  1  i 3 . The   tan 1  tan 1 
a 1 3
Clearly , z is in third quadrant.
  2
There fore argument is                .
3 
3
 1  3i   1  3i 3 i   2 3  2i   3 i 
(b) amp    amp     amp    amp  
 3 i   3 i 3 i   4   2 
3 i
Complex number lies in 1st quadrant
2

 amp  z      
6
(c) z  sin   i 1  cos   , 0     ;
z  sin   i 1  cos  
 2  
 1  cos    2sin 2 
 amp  z   tan 1 1
  tan  
 sin    2sin  cos  
 2 2 
     
 tan 1 tan    0   
2 2  2 2

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(iii) Least positive argument :

The value of  such that 0    2 is called the least positive argument.

Illustration :
Find general argument, principal argument and least positive argument of the following complex number
(1) z1  3  2i (2) z2  1  i (3) z3  2  3i

(4) z4   
7 2 i (5) z5  2  7 (6) z6    e

Sol.

S.No Complex No. General Argument Principal Argument Least positive argument
1. 3  2i  2   2   2 
2n  tan 1    tan 1   2  tan 1  
 3  3  3
2. 1  i 3 3 3
2n 
4 4 4
3   3  3
2n    tan 1       tan 1      tan 1  
3. 2  3i 2  2  2

 
4.  7 2 i  2n 
2

2 2
5. 2n    
2  7  2n 0 2
6.
  e 

So, we conclude :

Principal value of the Argument for different positions of Z in the complex plane:

Let z  x  iy   x , y  and r  z  x 2  y 2 ,  arg  z  Such that cos 

x y y
,sin   tan 
r x x

y
if Z  x  iy, and   tan 1 then
x

Page 12 of 41
  when x  0, y  0
   x  0, y  0
 when
arg  z   
    when x  0, y  0

  when x  0, y  0
 when x  0, y  0

 when x  0, y  0
2
arg  z   
  when x  0, y  0
 2
 when x  0, y  0

 Some important results involving argument: If z, z1 and z2 are complex numbers, then
 0 if  
(i) arg  z   arg  z   
 2 if  
(ii) arg  z    arg z if   
(iii) arg  z1z2   arg  z1   arg  z2   2k for some k  1, 0,1
z 
(iv) arg  1   arg  z1   arg  z2   2k for some k  1, 0,1
 z2 
(v) arg  z1z2   arg  z1   arg  z2 

(vi) z1  z2  z1  z2  arg  z1   arg  z2  
2
(vii) z1  z2  z1  z2  arg  z1   arg  z2 

4. REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER IN DIFFERENT FORMS

4.1 Cartesian Form / Algebraic Form :
Every complex number expressed in the form of z  x  iy where z , y  R and i  1 A is called cartesian form

or algebraic form of complex number for z   x  iy , Re  z   x and Im  z   y


 y
| z | x2  y 2 , z  x  iy , arg  z   tan 1  
x

Illustration :
1 1
If Re    then find the locus of z .
z 2

Sol. Let z  x  iy
1 1 x  iy x iy
  2  2  2
z x  iy x  y 2
x y 2
x  y2

1 1 x 1
Re     2 
2 2 x  y2 2

 2 x  x2  y 2  x2  y 2  2x  0

  x  1  y 2  1
2

Hence, locus of ' z ' represents interior region of the circle whose centre is (1, 0) and radius is 1 unit.

Page 13 of 41
4.2 Trigonometrical Form / Polar Form :
Let the given complex number be z  x  iy ' r ' and  be the modulus and amp (z) respectively.
From the figure x  r cos , y  r sin 

 z  x  iy  r  cos  i sin    rcis Hence, z  r  cos   i.sin   is called polar/ triangometrical form of the
complex n u m b e r .

Illustration :
Express the following complex number in polar form.
(i) z1  1  i 3 (ii) z2  2  3i
Sol.
(i) z1  1  i 3  r  cos   i sin  
   2
amp  z1       0   
 3 3
r  1 3  2
  2   2   2 
 z1  1  i 3  2  cos    i sin     2cis  
  3   3   3 
(ii) z2  2  3i
3
amp  z2       tan 1
2
  3  3   3
 z2  2  3i  13  cos    tan 1   i sin    tan 1    13cis    tan 1 
  2   2   2

4.3 Exponential Form ( OPTIONAL ):

z  x  iy  r  cos   i sin    rei
z  re i is called exponential form of the complex number, where ' r ' is modulus of ' z ' and  is amplitude of ' z '
.
Here, cos   i sin   ei  …………(1)
Replacing ' i ' b y i , we get cos  i sin  ei ,  ………..(2)
Adding (1) and (2)
ei  ei
cos   which is purely real
2
Subtracting (2) from (1)
ei  ei
i sin   which is purely imaginary
2

Illustration :
  
i 
If z  2e  3 
then find modulus and amplitude of ' z ' .
       
Sol. z  2  cos    i sin  
  3   3 
   1  1 3
 2  cos  sin   2   i sin   2   i   1  i 3 which lies in 2nd quadrant modulus
 3 3 2 3 2 2 
   1  1 3
 2  cos  i sin   2   i sin   2   i   1  i 3
 3 3 2 3 2 2 
 2
 
amp  z     tan 1 3    
3 3
.

Page 14 of 41
 4.4 Vectorial Representation of a Complex Number ( Optional ) :
Every complex number can be considered as if it is the position vector of that point. If the point P represents the
complex number z then, OP  z & OP  z .

Geometrical meaning of ei .

(i)If OP  z  rei then OQ  z1  rei    z.ei .
^ ^
If OP and OQ are of unequal magnitude then OQ  OQ ei .


(ii)If z  OA  1  i and   then z1  OB  i 1  i   1  i .
2

(iii) Using the vectorial concept and section formula complex numbers corresponding to centroid, incentre,
orthocentre and circumcentre for a triangle whose vertices are z1 , z2 , z3 can be deduced.

5. PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE, MODULUS AND ARGUMENT :

5.1 Properties of conjugate of complex Numbers :

(i)  z   z
  
(ii) | z || z | (iii) z  z  2 Re  z 
 

  
(iv) z  z  2i Im  z  (v) If ' z ' purely real z  z (vi) If ' z ' is purely imaginary z   z

      
(vii) z1  z2  z1  z2 (viii) z1  z2  z1  z2 In general, z1  z2  .......  zn  z1  z2  ......  zn

 n

(xi) z n   z 
    
(ix) z1  z2  z1  z2 (x) z1 z2  z1 . z2
 

 z1   z 

 n

(xii) z   z 


  
n
(xiii)
   z2   z2 

*PLEASE NOTE: IF NOTHING IS MENTIONED IN THE NUMERICAL, WE CONSIDER i 2  1 *

Page 15 of 41
SUB – TOPIC BASED EXERCISE:

INTEGRAL POWERS OF (i)

1. i 242 
(a) i (b) i (c) 1 (d) 1
2. If 1  2i  1  ai then a 
(a) 4 (b)3 (c)2 (d) 2
The value of 1  1  i   1  i   1  i  
2 3
3.
(a) 0 (b)5 i (c)4 i (d)3 i
4 n 1 4n 5
4. Let ' n ' be a positive integer then  i    i  
(a) 0 (b)2 i (c) i (d) i
200
5. If i 2  1 then the value of i
n 1
n
is

(a) 50 (b)-50 (c)0 (d)100

8n 8n
 1 i  1 i 
6.     
 2  2
(a) 0 (b)1 (c)2 (d)-2
7. The value of i  i  i      2n  1 terms 
2 4 6

(a) -1 (b)0 (c)- i (d) i

4 n 1 4 n 1
i i
8. If n is any positive integer, then the value of equals
2
(a) 1 (b)-1 (c) i (d)- i
 n

  3 
2i
9. 
n 0

9  6i 9  6i
(a) (b) (c) 9  6i (d) 9  6i
13 13
200 50
10. If  i
k 0
ik 
p 1
p
 x  iy then  x, y  is

(a)  0,1 (b) 1, 1 (c)  2,3 (d)  4,8

13
11.  i
n 1
n
 i n 1  
(a) i (b) i  1 (c) i (d)0
3 i
 
103
12. If z  then i101  z101 equals
2

(a) iz (b) z (c) z (d) 3

REAL AND IMAGINARY PARTS OF COMPLEX NUMBER

13. The integral solution of 1  i   2 x is

x

(a) x  1 (b) x  1 (c) x  2 (d) x  0

1  2i
14. The complex number lies in the quadrant number
1 i
(a) I (b) II (c)III (d)IV

Page 16 of 41
15. If z  3  5i , then z3  z  198  ....
(a) 3  15i (b) 3  15i (c) 3  15i (d) 3  15i
(Optional)
i
16. The real part of ee is
(a) ecos cos  sin    (b) ecos cos  cos    (c) esin  sin  sin    (d) esin  sin  cos   
1  b  ia
17. If a2  b2  1 , then 
1  b  ia
(a) 1 (b) 2 c) b  ia (d) a  ib
18. If ' n ' is an odd integer, i  1 then 1  i   1  i  is equal to
6n 6n

(a) 0 (b)2 (c)-2 (d) 2i

CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER


19. The conjugate of z  2 z is
   
(a) 2 z  z (b) z  2 z (c) z  2 z (d) z  z

20. Let z be a complex number. If z z  0 then
(a) Re z  0 (b) Im z  0 (c) Rez  Imz  0 (d) z  0
 
21.  z  1  z  1  can be written as
 

(a) z z  1 (b) | z  1|2 (c) | z |2 1 (d) | z |2 2
22. If sin x  i cos 2 x,cos x  i sin 2 x are conjugate to each other then x 

(a) n (b) n  1 (c)  (d)  n  1 
2

SQUARE ROOTS OF A COMPLEX NUMER ( OPTIONAL )

23. 3 75 
(a)15 (b)15 i (c)-15 (d)115 i
24. 8  6i 
(a) 3  4i (b) 3  2i (c) 3  i (d) 3  4i
3  4i
 
2
25. If x  iy  then 169 x 2  y 2 
5  12i
(a)5 (b)10 (c)25 (d)50
26. The expression n a  ib  n a  ib has
(a) ' n ' real values (b) ' n ' imaginary values
(c) some values are real; and some are imaginary (d)one value
27. The square root of 4ab  2i  a2  b2 
(a)   a  b   i  a  b   (b)   a  b   i  a  b   (c)   a  b   i  a  b   (d)  a  b   i  a  b  
 
28. Im  a  i a 4  a 2  1  
 
a2  a  1 a2  a  1 1 2 1 2
(a) (b) (c) a  a 1 (d) a  a 1
2 2 2 2
29. 3i  3i 

(a) 2 3 (b)  6 (c) 3 (d) 3i

Page 17 of 41
 MODULUS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER

30. If  a1  ib1  a2  ib2      an  ibn   A  iB, then  a12  b12  a22  b22       an2  bn2  

(a) A2  B 2 (b) A2  B 2 (c) A  B (d) A  B

31. If 1  i   x  iy  then
100
2 49
x y 
2 2

(a) 0 (b)4 (c)8 (d)16

Z1  3Z 2
32. If Z1 , Z2 are two complex numbers satisfying  1 z1  3 then z2 
3  Z1Z 2
(a) 1 (b)2 (c)3 (d)4
1 1 1
33. If z1, z2 , z3 are complex numbers such that | z1 || z2 || z3 |    1 , then z1  z2  z3 is
z1 z2 z3
(a) equal to 1 (b)less than 1 (c)greater than 3 (d)equal to 3
(Optional)
34. The minimum value of | z 1|  | z  3| is
(a) 4 (b)2 (c)0 (d)3
35. If | z  2i | 2 , then the greatest value of | z  3  i | is
(a) 3 (b)5 (c)1 (d)4
36. If | z1| 3 then the maximum value of | z  4 | is
(a) 3 (b)4 (c)8 (d)12
37. if | z | z  1  2i then z 
3 3
(a) 2  i (b)  2i (c) 3  4i (d) 3  4i
2 2
38. If | z  3| 2 then the maximum value of | z  2 | is
(a) 3 (b)5 (c)7 (d)9
39. The system of equations | z  1  i | 2 and | z | 3 has
(a) no solution (b)one solution (c)two solutions (d)infinitely many solutions

ARGUMENT OF COMPLEX NUMBER

40. The principle argument of z  3  3i

  3 3
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
4 4 4 4

41. If | z | 2 , Arg z  then z 
6
(a) 3  i (b) 3 i (c) 1  3i (d) 1  3i
42. For a  0 , arg  ia  is
 
(a) (b)  (c)  (d) 
2 2
43. If | z1  z2 || z1  z2 | then the difference between the argument of z1 and z2 is
  
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4
 z2 
44. The point representing the complex number z for which arg    lie on (OPTIONAL)
 z2 3
(a) a circle (b) a straight line (c) an ellipse (d) a parabola
45. arg   arg  2  (OPTIONAL)
(a) 0 (b)1 (c)2 (d)3

46. If arg  z  2  3i   then the equitation to the locus of z is
2
(a) x  0 (b) x  1 (c) x  2 (d) x  3

Page 18 of 41
47. If x  cos A  i sin A and y  cos B  i sin B then the value of cos  A  B  in terms ' x ' and ' y ' is-
1  1    1 
(a) xy  (b)  xy   (c)  x  y (d)  xy  
xy 2 xy  4 4 xy 
 3
48. If   then the modulus argument form 1  cos2   i sin 2 is
2 2
(a) 2 cos  cos      i sin      (b) 2cos cos   i sin  
(c) 2 cos  cos     i sin     (d) 2 cos  cos      i sin     
 z1   z2 
49. If z1, z2 and z3 , z4 are two pairs of conjugate complex numbers, then arg    arg   equals
 z4   z3 
 3
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 
2 2
 1 z 
50. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument  , then arg   equals
1 z 

(a)  (b)  (c)    (d) 
2
1  i cos 
51. The real value of  , for which the expression is a real number is
1  2i cos 
3 3  
(a) 2n  (b) 2n  (c) 2n  (d) 2n 
2 2 2 4

MODULUS-AMPLITUDE FORM OF A COMPLEX NUMBER

52. The mod-amp form of 1  cos   i sin  is (OPTIONAL)

       
(a) cos cis (b) 2cos cis (c) 3cos cis (d) 4cos cis
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
53. The modules-amplitude form of 1  i tan  is (OPTIONAL)
   3 
(a) sec cis (b) cis (c) sec cis     (d) sec .cis   
2   2 
54. The mod-amp form of 1  i 2 is
(a) 
3cis tan 1  2  
(b) cis tan 1  2   (c) 
3cis tan 1  2   (d) cis  tan 1  2

2  6 3i
55. The Euler form of is
5i 3
 
i i i
(a) 2.e 6 (b) e 3 (c) e2 /3 (d) 2e 3

LOGARITHM OF A COMPLEX NUMBER ( OPTIONAL )

56. log  a  ib    where a  0, b  0 

(a) log a2  b2 (b)

1
2
 b
log a 2  b 2  i tan 1  
a

(c)
1
2
 
b
log a 2  b 2  i tan 1  
a
(d)
1
2
 
a
log a 2  b2  i tan 1  
b
57. Let ' m ' be a Positive real number then log  m  
 
(a) log m  t (b) log m  t (c) log m  i (d) log m  i
2 2
58. log  logi  
   i  
(a) log (b) log i (c) log  (d) log  i
2 2 2 2 2 2

Page 19 of 41
59. log i i  
 
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
2 2
 
60. If z  i log 2  3 then cos z 
(a) i (b) 2i (c)1 (d)2
  a  ib  
61. tan  i log   
  a  ib  
2ab a 2  b2 2ab
(a) ab (b) (c) (d)
a b2 2 ab a  b2
2

GEOMETRY OF COMPLEX NUMBER (OPTIONAL)

62. The points 9  i, 4  13i, 8  8i, 3  4i in the Argand diagram represent a

(a) rhombus (b)square (c)rectangle (d)parallelogram
63. If the roots of  z 1  i  z  1 are plotted in the Argand diagram, they are
n n

(a) on a parabola (b)concyclic (c)collinear (d)the vertices of a triangle

64. In Argand diagram all the complex numbers ' z ' satisfying | z  4i |  | z 4i | 10 lie on
(a) straight line (b)circle (c)ellipse (d) parabola
65. The equation | z  1  i || z i1| represents a
(a) straight line (b)circle (c)parabola (d)hyperbola
  z2   
66. The points in the set  z  C : Arg     lie on the curve which is a (where C denotes the set of all
  z  6i  2 
complex numbers)
(a) Circle (b)Pair of Straight lines (c)Parabola (d)Hyperbola
67. If | z | 2 , then locus of 1  5z is a circle whose centre is
(a)  1,0  (b) 1,0  (c)  0, 1 (d)  0,0 
68. The roots z1 , z2 , z3 of the equation BC is an equilateral triangle if
(a) a2  b (b) a  b2 (c) a  b2  0 (d) a2  b  0
 
69. Area of the circle iz z   3  4i  z   3  4i  z  9i  0 is
(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 81 (d) 9
70. Vector z  3  4i is rotated at 1800 angle in anti clock wise direction and its length is increased to and half
times. In new position ' z ' is
15 15 15
(a)  10i (b)   10i (c) 15  10i (d)   10i
2 2 2
  5
2 i 6 2 i2 2 6
71. Let A  e ,B  e ,C  e be three points forming a triangle ABC in the Gussain plane then
3 3 3
triangle ABC is
(a) equilateral (b)isosceles (c)scalene (d)Right angled
 
72. If | z  z |  | z  z | 2 , then ' z ' lies on
(a) A straight line (b)A square (c)A circle (d)Parabola
73. If the area of the triangle on the argand plane formed by the complex numbers  z , iz , z  iz is 600sq units
then | z | is equal to
(a) 10 (b)20 (c)30 (d)10
74. If ' z ' is a complex number, then z  z  2 represent2 2

(a) a circle (b)a straight line (c)a hyperbola (d)an ellipse

Page 20 of 41
 CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY ( OPTIONAL )

1
75. If  ,  are the complex cube roots of unity then  100   100  
 100
  100
(a) -1 (b)1 (c) w (d)0

76. The value of 1     1       
(a) 0 (b)1 (c) w (d) w 2
77. If  is a complex cube root of unity then the value of 1    1   2 1   4 1  8 ....2n terms=    
(a) 0 (b)1 (c)2 (d)3
 a  b    a  a    a 2 2

2
78. 2 2
 b 
(a) 6ab (b) 3ab (c) 12ab (d) ab
79. If  is a cube root of unity and ' n ' is a positive integer satisfying 1     2n  0 then ' n ' is of the type n

(a) 3m (b) 3m  1 (c) 3m  3 (d) 2m  3

5  3   1
80. If  is a non-real root of x6  1 then 
 2 1
(a)  2 (b)0 (c)  2 (d) 
 
81. If  is a complex cube root of unity, then sin  10   23    
 4
 
1 1 3
(a) (b) (c)1 (d)
2 2 2
82. If  is a complex cube root of unity, then the value of the expression
   
1 2    2   2  2  3    3   2  .......   n  1 n    n   2 is  
n 2  n  1 n 2  n  1 n2  n  1 n  n  1
2 2 2

(a) n (b) n (c) n (d) n

4 4 4 4
2 2 2
 1  1   1 
83. If x  x  1  0 , then the value of  x     x 2  2   ....   x 27  27  is
2

 x  x   x 
(a) 27 (b)72 (c)45 (d)54
a  b  c 2 a  b  c 2
84.  
c  a  b 2 b  c  a 2
(a) 1 (b)0 (c)2 (d)-1

 1  i 3    1  i 3 
15 15

85. is equal to
1  i 20 1  i 20
(a) 132 (b)64 (c)-4 (d)-132
86. If  is a complex cube root of unity, then value of expression
 

  
cos  1    1   2  ...  10    10   2

  900 

(a)-1 (b)0 (c)1 (d) 3
2
87. If    1 be a cube root of unity and 1     A  B , then A and B are respectively the numbers
7

(a) 0,1 (b)1,1 (c)1,0 (d)-1,1

334 365
 1 i 3  1 i 3
88. 4  5      3     
 2 2   2 2 

(a) 1  i 3 (b) 1  i 3 (c) i 3 (d) i 3

Page 21 of 41
 PROBLEMS BASED ON LOCUS ( OPTIONAL )
z 1
89. If is purely imaginary the
z 1
(a) | z | 1 (b) | z | 1 (c) | z | 1 (d) | z | 2
90. If Im z 2  1 then the locus of ' z ' is
(a) parabola (b)hyperbola (c)rectangular hyperbola(d)ellipse
 z i 
91. If Im    0 then the locus of ' z ' is
 2i 
(a) x-axis (b)y-axis (c)the line x  y (d)the line x  y  1  0
92. If | z 2 | 2 Re  z  then the locus of ' z ' is

(a) a circle x 2  y 2  2 x  0 (b) a circle x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  0

(c) a circle x 2  y 2  2 x  0 (d) a circle x 2  y 2  0

93. If | z  2  3i | 5 then the locus of ' z ' is

(a) a circle with centre  2,3  and radius 25 units

(b) a circle with centre  2, 3 and radius 25 unit

(c) a circle with centre  2,3  and radius 5 units

(d) a circle with centre  2, 3 and radius 5 units

94. | z  1|| z  i | represent

(a) a circle of units radius (b)an ellipse foci are 1,0  and  0, 1

(c) a line passing through the origin (d)a circle whose diameter with end points 1,0  and  0,1
z 1 
95. If Arg  then the locus of z is
z 1 2
(a) circle with radius 2 (b)circle with radius 1
(c) straight line (d)pair of lines

96. If arg  z  2  3i   then the locus of ' z '
4
(a) Straight line (b)an ellipse (c)a circle (d)a parabola
97. If z  x  iy,| 3z 1| 3| z  2| and then locus of ' z ' is

(a) x  0 (b) x 2  y 2  3 (c) x  y (d) 6 x  7

98. If ' p ' represents z  x  iy in the Argand plane and | z  1|2  | z  1|2  4 then the locus of ' p ' is

(a) x 2  y 2  2 (b) x 2  y 2  1 (c) x 2  y 2  4 (d) x 2  y 2  3

99. If the equation | z  z1 |  | z  z2 |  k represent the equation of a circle, where z1  2  3i, z2  4  3i are the
2 2

extremities of a diameter, then the value of ' k ' is

(a) 1/4 (b)4 (c)2 (d)None
2 2
i i
100. If z  x  iy is a complex number satisfying z   z , the n the locus of ' z ' is ……..
2 2
(a) x-axis (b) Y-axis (c) y  x (d) 2y  x

Page 22 of 41
 
101. If the amplitude of z  2  3i is , then the locus of z  x  iy is ………
4
(a) x  y  1  0 (b) 2x  y  2  0 (c) x  y  1  0 (d) x  y  1  0
z i
102. If is purely imaginary then the locus of ' z ' is
z 1
(a) x 2  y 2  x  y  0 (b) x 2  y 2  x  y  0 (c) x 2  y 2  2 x  3 y  0 (d) x 2  y 2  x  3 y  0
103. If | z  4i |  | z 4i | 10 then the equation of the locus of z is

x2 y 2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
(a)  1 (b)  1 (c)  1 (d)  1
25 9 5 9 25 9 9 25

DE’MOVIER’S THOREM (OPTIONAL )

   
104. 3 cos 400  i sin 400    4cos800  i sin800   

(a) 1  3i (b) 2  1  3i  (c) 4  1  3i  (d) 6  1  3i 

 cos 2  i sin 2 3  cos3  i sin 3 5 

105.
 cos3  i sin 3 2  cos 4  i sin 4 3
(a) 0 (b) cis  27  (c) cis  27  (d) cis  27 
106. The value of 1  cos  i sin   1  cos  sin   
n n

 n    n  
(a) 2n.cos n .cos (b) 2n 1.cos n .cos (c) 2n 1.cos n .cos (d 2n.cosn .cos )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
107. If a  cos  i sin  , b  cos   i sin  then cos     
1 1 1 1  1 1 
(a) ab  (b) ab  (c)  ab   (d)  ab  
ab ab 2 ab  2 ab 
p q
108. If p  cos2  i sin 2 , q  cos2  i sin 2 the value of  
q p
(a) 2cos     (b) 2sin     (c) 2i sin     (d) 2i sin    

   1  i 3 
n n
109. If ' n ' is an integer and 1  i 3  2n1 cos then  
n n n n
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 4 6
110. If cos  cos   cos   0  sin  sin   sin  then sin  2

3
(a) 1 (b) (c)5 (d)7
2
1 1 1
111. If x  cis , y  cis  , z  cis  and x  y  z  0 then   
x y z
(a) 1 (b)2 (c)3 (d)0
2 n 1
z
112. If z  cos   i sin  then the value of 
z 2n  1
(a) i tan n (b) tan n (c) i cot n (d) i tan n
1 11
   2    2
113. One of the values of  cis    cis  is
 6  6 
(a) 1 (b)2 (c)3 (d)0

Page 23 of 41
 Let ' n ' be a positive integer. Then the value of  a  ib   a  ib 
1/ n 1/ n
114. 
1 1
1 b  b

(a) 2 a 2  b2  2n cos  tan 1 
n a

(b) 2 a 2  b2  n cos  tan 1 
 a
1
1 b 1 b
   
n
(c) 2 a 2  b 2 n cos  tan 1  (d) 2 a 2  b2 cos  tan 1 
n a  n a

1 1 1 1
115. If 2cos   x  ,2cos   y  , 2cos   z  then xyz  
x y z xyz
(a) cos       (b) 2cos      
(c) sin       (d) 2sin      

116. If  ,  are the roots of the equation x2  2 x  4  0 and then  5   5 

(a) 64 (b)32 (c)  32 (d)  64
 2r   2r 
117. If zr  cos    i sin   , where r  1, 2,3, 4,5 then z1 z2 z3 z4 z5 is equal to
 5   5 
(a)  1 (b)0 (c)1 (d)2

118. The common roots of the equations z3  2z 2  2z  1  0 and z101  z100  1  0 are
(a) 1, w (b) w, w2 (c) 1, w2 (d) 1, w, w2

1  i
119. One value of 1  i  2 is 4 2e 8 the other value is
 i i 5/  9 i
4 8 4 4 4
(a) 2e (b) 2e 8 (c) 2e 8 (d) 2e 8

3
   4
120. The continued product of the four values of  cos  i sin  is……
 3 3
(a) 1 (b)-1 (c)2 (d)0

   
121. If xn  cos  / 4n  sin  / 4n , then x1 , x2 x3 .................

1 i 3 1  i 3 1 i 3 1  i 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2

1 1 x10 y12
122. If 2cos   x  ,2cos   y  then 12  10 
x y y x
(a) 2cos 10  12  (b) 2i sin 10  10  (c) 2cos 10  12  (d) 2i sin 10  12 

a 3b 3
123. If a  cis , b  cis , c  cis then 
c2
(a) cis  3  3  2  (b) cis  3  3  2  (c) cis  3  3  2  (d) cis  3  3  2 

124. If cos  cos   cos   0  sin  sin  sin  then sin3 

(a) 3sin       (c) sin      
3
(b) 0 (d)
2

Page 24 of 41
125. If a  cis2 , b  cos2 then cos     
ab ab a 2  b2 a 2  b2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 ab ab ab ab
126. The value of e2i is
(a) e cos1  i sin1 (b) e 2  cos1  i sin1 (c) cos1  i sin1 (d) e2  cos1  i sin1
 
127. If xr  cis   . r  1,2,3........... then x1 , x2 , x3 ............... 
3
(a) 1 (b)-1 (c) i (d) i


128. If i3  1 and   then the 10th term of the series 1   cos  i sin    cos  i sin   ....
1 2

6
1 3i
(a)-1 (b) i (c)  (d)1
2 2
4 4
then the value of 1  a  is
3n
129. If a  cos  i sin
3 3
(d)  1
n
(a)  1 (b)0 (c)1

 
8
 
 sin 8  i cos 8 
130. 
   
 sin  i cos 
 8 8 
(a)  1 (b)0 (c)1 (d)2

   1 then cos      cos       cos     

a b c
131. If a  cis , b  cis , c  cis and
b c a
(a) 0 (b)1 (c)  1 (d)2

132. The number of common roots of the equations x3  1  0 and x6  1  0 is

(a) 0 (b)3 (c)2 (d)1

3n 3n
 1  3i   1  3i 
133. The value of      
 2   2 
(a) 0 (b) i (c)2 (d)1

134. The no. of common roots of 15th roots of unity which are also 25th the roots of unity
(a) 4 (b)3 (c)5 (d)2

135. The common roots of equations x12  1  0 and x4  x2  1  0 are

(a)  (b)  2 (c) ,  2 (d)  ,  2

136. The common values of 6th roots of unity and cube roots of unity are
1  i 3 1  i 3 1 i 3 1 i 3 1  3i 1  3i 1  3i 1  3i
(a) 1, , (b) 1, , (c) 1, , (d) 1, ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Page 25 of 41
 ANSWER KEY

1. (d) 39. (a) 77. (b)

2. (d) 40. (c) 78. (a)
3. (b) 41. (b) 79. (b)
4. (a) 42. (b) 80. (a)
5. (c) 43. (b) 81. (a)
6. (c) 44. (a) 82. (a)
7. (a) 45. (a) 83. (d)
8. (c) 46. (c) 84. (d)
9. (a) 47. (b) 85. (c)
10. (b) 48. (a) 86. (b)
11. (b) 49. (a) 87. (b)
12. (b) 50. (b) 88. (c)
13. (d) 51. (c) 89. (a)
14. (b) 52. (b) 90. (c)
15. (d) 53. (a) 91. (b)
16. (a) 54. (c) 92. (c)
17. (c) 55. (d) 93. (d)
18. (a) 56. (b) 94. (c)
19. (b) 57. (c) 95. (b)
20. (d) 58. (c) 96. (a)
21. (b) 59. (a) 97. (d)
22. (c) 60. (d) 98. (b)
23. (c) 61. (b) 99. (b)
24. (c) 62. (b) 100. (a)
25. (c) 63. (c) 101. (d)
26. (a) 64. (c) 102. (a)
27. (a) 65. (a) 103. (d)
28. (b) 66. (a) 104. (d)
29. (b) 67. (a) 105. (b)
30. (b) 68. (a) 106. (c)
31. (b) 69. (b) 107. (c)
32. (a) 70. (b) 108. (c)
33. (a) 71. (a) 109. (a)
34. (b) 72. (b) 110. (b)
35. (d) 73. (b) 111. (d)
36. (c) 74. (c) 112. (a)
37. (b) 75. (d) 113. (d)
38. (c) 76. (a) 114. (a)

Page 26 of 41
115. (b) 123. (b) 131. (b)
116. (b) 124. (a) 132. (b)
117. (c) 125. (a) 133. (c)
118. (b) 126. (b) 134. (c)
119. (d) 127. (c) 135. (c)
120. (a) 128. (b) 136. (a)
121. (a) 129. (d)
122. (b) 130. (c)

Page 27 of 41
 NCERT BASED EXERCISES

1. Statement I a  b  ab a, b ,  0,   .
Statement II a  b  ab where a  0, b  0 or a  0, b  0.
(a) Statement I is true (b) Statement II is true (c) Both are true (d) Neither I nor II is true

2. If z1  2  i and z2  2  i, then
 z1 z2  2
Statement I Re   .
 z1  5
 1 
Statement II Im    0.
 z1 z1 
(a) Statement I is correct (b) Statement II is correct (c) Both are correct (d) Both are incorrect
3. Which of the following are correct?
I. 3  i  10 ; 2  5i  29

II. 3  i   3  i; 2  5i  2  5i and  3i  5  3i  5

Z
III. Z 1  2
or Z Z | Z |2 ,Z  0
Z
(a) I and III are correct
(b) I and II are correct
(c) All are correct
(d) None of the above
4. Match the terms of column I whit terms of Column II and choose the correct option from the codes given below.
Column I Column II
A. | Z1Z2 | 1. Z1 Z 2
Z1 2. Z1 Z 2
B.
Z2 | Z1 |
3 .
C. Z1Z 2 | Z2 |
4. Z1  Z 2
D. Z1  Z 2
Z1
Z  5.
E.  1  Z2
 Z2 

Codes
A B C D E
(a) 1 2 3 4 5
(b) 1 3 2 4 5
(c) 2 3 1 4 5
(d) 1 2 3 5 4
5. If Z  0 is a complex number, then
 
(a) Re  Z   0  Im Z 2  0

(b) Re  Z   0  Im  Z   0
2 2

(c) Re  Z   0  Re  Z   0 2

(d) None of the above

3  2i sin 
6. will be real, if  equal to (OPTIONAL)
1  2i sin 

(a) 2n (b) n  (c) n (d)none of these
2

Page 28 of 41
 5  12i  5  12i
7. The value of is
5  12i  5  12i
3 3 3 3
(a)  i (b) i (c)  (d)
2 2 2 2
1  2i
8. If z  , then
1  3i
1
I. Modulus of z is .
2
3
II. Argument of z is .
4
(a) Both I and II are correct (b) Only I is correct (c) Only II is correct (d) Neither I nor II is correct
9.  x  iy  3  5i  is the conjugate of  6  24i  , then x and y are
(a) x  3, y  3 (b) x  3, y  3 (c) x  3, y  3 (d) x  3, y  3
1 i 1 i
10. If z   , then | z | is equal to
1 i 1 i
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
11. Number of non-zero integral solutions of the equation |1  i |  2 , is
x x

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4

12. Polar from of the complex number Z  1  i 3 , is
       2 2   4 4 
(a) 2  cos  i sin  (b) 2  cos  i sin  (c) 2  cos  i sin  (d) 2  cos  i sin 
 3 3  3 3  3 3   3 3 
16
13. If complex number Z  , then
1 i 3
I. Z 8

II. arg  Z  
3
2
III. arg  Z  
3
  
IV. Z  8  cos  i sin 
 3 3
(a) I and II are correct (b) I and III are correct (c)I, II and are correct (d)All are correct
14. Match the complex numbers in Cartesian form in Column I with its polar from in Column II and choose the correct
option the codes given below.
Column I Column II
A. 1  i   3   3  
1. 2 cos    i sin   
  4   4 
B. 1  i
  3   3 
2. 2 cos    i sin  
  4   4 
C. 1  i 3. 3cos   i sin  
       
D. 3 4. 2 cos    i sin  
  4   4 
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 1 2 3
(c) 4 1 3 2
(d) 4 3 2 1

Page 29 of 41
15. If ax2  bx  c  0 with real coefficients a,b,c and a  0 , then
I. Discriminant, D  b2  4ac.
II. For D  0 , equation has real roots.
III. For D  0 , equation has imaginary roots.
b i 4ac  b 2
IV. For D  0 , x 
2a
(a) I and II are correct
(b) II,III and Iv are Correct
(c) I,II and Iv are correct
(d) All are correct
3
16. Statement I Let Z1 and Z2 be two complex numbers such that z1  iz2  0 and arg  z1 .z2    , then arg  z1  is .
4
Statement II arg  z1 .z2   argz1  arg z2
(a) Statement I is correct
(b) Statement II is correct
(c) Both are correct
(d) Neither I nor II is correct
17. The area of the triangle on the complex plane formed by the complex numbers z,iz and z  iz, is
1 2 1
(a) | z | (b) | z |2 (c) |z| (d) | z  iz |2
2 2
18. The equation z  1  i  z  1  i represents a
(a)straight line (b)Circle (c) parabola (d)hyperbola
19. Match the terms of Column I with terms of Column II and chose the correct option from the codes given below.
Column I Column II
A. Amplitude of 1-i is  
1. cos  i sin
2
  2
3
B. The polar from of the complex number i 35

is 2.
4
 3. x  y 1  0
C. Locus of z, If amplitude of z  2  3i is ,is
4
4. x2  y 2  1  0
Codes
A B C
(a) 2 1 3
(b) 1 2 3
(c) 3 2 1
(d) 2 4 1
20. For what value of a the sum of squares of the roots of the equation x 2   a  2  x   a  1  0 is least?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
21. The modulus of the complex number z such that | z  2  i | 1and arg  z    is equal to
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 9 (d) 4
22. The number of complex numbers z such that | z  1|  | z  1|  | z  i |, is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 
i 1
23. If Z  , then polar from of Z is
 
cos  i sin
3 3
 5 5   5 5       
(a) 2  cos  i sin  (b) 2  cos  i sin  (c) 2  cos  i sin  (d) 2  cos  i sin 
 12 12   12 12   4 4  4 4

Page 30 of 41
  1 2  3  4i 
24. Standard form of     is
 1  4i 1  i  5  i 
307 599 307 599 442 599
(a) i (b) i (c) i (d) None of these
442 442 442 442 307 307
1  7i  3 3 
25. Statement I Polar from of is 2 cos  i sin 
2  i 2
 4 4 

1  3i  3 3 
Statement II Polar from of is 2 cos  i sin 
1  2i  4 4 
(a) Statement I is correct (b) Statement II is correct (c) Both are correct (d) Neither I nor II is correct
z1  z2  1
26. If z1  2  i and z2  1  i, then value of is
z1  z2  1
(a) 2 (b) 2i (c) 2 (d) 2i
u v
27. If  x  iy   u  iv, then
3
 is equal to
x y

(a) 4x2 (b) 4y 2 

(c) 4 x 2  y 2  
(d) 4 x 2  y 2 
 
28.  and are different complex numbers with |  | 1, then is equal to
1  
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3
1 1 1 1
29. Statement I if | z1 |  | z2 |  | z3 | ... | zn |  1, then | z1  z2  z3  ....  zn |    .... 
z1 z2 z3 zn
1
Statement II If | z | 1, then z  .
z
(a) Statement I is correct (b) Statement II is correct (c) Both are correct (d) Neither I nor II is correct
30. If  a  ib  3  5i  is the conjugate of 6  24i then the values of  a, b  is
(a)  3,3 (b)  3, 3 (c)  3,3 (d)  3, 3

ANSWER KEY

NCERT BASED EXERCISES

1.c 2. c 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. a 8. a 9. a 10. a 11. a 12. b 13. b 14. b

15. d 16. c 17. c 18. a 19. a 20. a 21. a 22. b 23. b 24. a 25. c 26. c 27. d 28. a

29. C 30 (b)

Page 31 of 41
 COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS (CBSE):
Multiple Choice Questions
1. If 4x  i  3x  y   3  i(6), where x and y are real numbers, then the values of x and y are
3 33
(a) x  3, y  4 (b) x  y (c) x  4, y  3 (d) x  33, y  4
4 4
2. If (1  i) x  (1  i) y  1  3i, then (x, y) is
(a) (2, 1) (b) (2,1) (c) (2, 1) (d) (2,1)
3. If i  a  ib, then a  b is equal to
103

(a) 1 (b)  1 (c) 0 (d) 2

4. 1  i  i  i is a
10 20 30

(a) Real number (b) Complex number (c) Natural number (d) None of these
4 x1 4 x1
i i
5. The value of is equal to
2
(a) i (b)  1 (c) i (d) 0
6. If z1  2  3i and z2  3  2i, then z1  z2 equals to
(a) 5  5i (b) 5  10i (c) 4  6i (d) 6  4i
7. If z1  2  3i and z2  3  2i, then z1  z2 is equal to
(a) 1  5i (b) 5  i (c) i  5 (d) None of these
 1 
3

8. If (i)(3i)  i   a  ib; then a is equal to

 6 
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c)  1 (d) 2
9. If Z1  2  3i and Z 2  1  4i then Z1Z 2 is equal to
(a) 14  5i (b) 14  5i (c) 14  5i (d) 14  5i
b
10. If 3(7  7i)  i(7  7i)  a  ib then is equal to
a
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d)  1
(1  i) 2
11. If  x  iy then the value of x  y is
2i
1 2 3 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
12. If (1  i)  a  ib, then the value of a and b are respectively
4

(a) 4,0 (b) 0, 4 (c) 4,0 (d) 0,4

z1
13. If z1  6  3i and z2  2  i, then is equal to
z2
1 1
(a) (9  12i ) (b) 9  12i (c) 3  2i (d) (12  9i )
5 5
3  5i
14. The multiplicative inverse of is equal to
4  3i
3 29i 3 29i 3 29i 1 29i
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34
 Z1 
15. If Z1  3  3i and Z2  3  i then the quadrant in which   lies is
 2
Z
(a) First (b) Second (c) Third (d) Fourth

Page 32 of 41
16. If Z1  1  2i and Z 2  2  3i, then sum of Z1 and additive inverse of Z 2 is equal to
(a) 1  2i (b) 3  i (c) 3  5i (d) 1  i
17. a  ib form of complex number 9  i  6  i  9  i is given by
3 2

(a) 7  2i (b) 7  2i (c) 7  2i (d) 7  2i

18. If Z1  3  2i and Z 2  2  i then Z1  Z2 is given by
(a) 5  i (b) 5  i (c) 5  i (d) 5  i
19. If Z1  1  i, Z 2  2  i and Z1 Z2  a  ib, then a  b is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
2i
20. The conjugate of is equal to
(1  2i ) 2
2 11 2 11 2 11 2 11
(a)  i (b)  i (c)  i (d)  i
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
 Z1 
21. If Z1  3  5i and Z 2  2  3i, then   is equal to
 Z2 
9 19 9 19 9 19 9 19
(a)  i (b)  i (c)  i (d)  i
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
Z1Z 2
22. Let Z1  2  i, Z 2  2  i and  a  ib, then a is equal to
Z1
2 3 11 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
23. If Z  5i 15  6i 8 then Z is equal to
(a) 6  5i (b) 6  5i (c) 6  5i (d) 6  5i
24. The modulus of the complex number 4  3i 7 is equal to
(a) 5 (b)  5 (c) 2 (d) 3
25. If Z1  1  i and Z 2  2  4i then | Z 2  Z1 | is equal to
2

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

(1  i)(2  i)
26. If Z  , then | Z | is equal to
(3  i)
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
2 2
27. The modulus of the complex number (1  i )  (1  i ) is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
28. If Z1  3  2i and Z 2  2  4i then the | z1  z2 |  | z1  z2 | is equal to
2 2

(a) 11 (b) 22 (c) 66 (d) 55

29. Roots of 9x  16  0 is given by
2

4  3 3 2

(a)   i  (b)    i (c)    i (d)    i
3  4 2 3
30. Roots of x 2  2  0 are
(a)  2i (b) 2 (c) 2i (d) None of these
31. Roots of x  3x  9  0 are
2

3  3 3i 3  3 3i 3  3i 3  3i
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2

Page 33 of 41
32. Roots of x2  x  1  0
1  3i 1  3i 2  3i 2  3i
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
33. Roots of 2 x 2  x  2  0 is given by
1  7 1  i 7 1  7i
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 2 2 2
34. Roots of ( y  1)  y  3  7  0 is given by

(a) 1  3i (b) 1  3i (c) 1  2i (d) 1  2i

35. If difference in roots of the equation x  px  8  0 is 2, then p is equal to
2

(a)  6 (b) 2 (c)  1 (d)  5

Assertion-Reasoning MCQs
Directions (Q. Nos. 36-50) Each of these questions contains two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Each of
the questions has four alternative choices, any one of the which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) A is true, R is true; R is a correct explanation of A.
(b) A is true, R is true; R is not a correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true; R is false
(d) A is false; R is true.

4 k 1
36. Assertion (A) If i  1, i
4k
 i, i 4 k 2  1and i 4k 3  i.
Reason (R) i 4k  i 4k 2  1 and i 4k 3  i.
37. Assertion (A) Simplest form off- i 35 is i.
Reason (R) Additive inverse of 1  i  is equal to 1  i.

5  2i
38. Assertion (A) Simplest form of is 1  2 2i
1  2i
Reason (R) The value of (1  i ) (1  i ) is 32
5 5

39. Assertion (A) If Z1  2  3i and Z 2  3  2i, then Z1  Z 2  1  5i.

Reason (R) If Z1  a  ib and Z 2  c  id , then Z1  Z2   a  c   i(b  d )

40. Assertion (A) If (1  i )  a  ib, then b  8.

6

a
Reason(R) If (1  i )  a  ib, then  1.
3

b
3 7
41. Assertion (A) If (1  i)  x+iy   2  5i, then x  and y  .
2 2
Reason (R) If a  ib  c  id , then a = c and b = d
42. Assertion (A) Multiplicative inverse of 2  3i is 2  3i.
Reason (R) If z  3  4i, then Z  3  4i.
43. Assertion (A)  2  3i (3  2i)  (2  i)  1  21i.
Reason (R) z1 ( z2  z3 )  z1 z2  z1 z3.
 3 
44. Assertion (A) If z  5i  i  , then z is equal to 3  0i.
 5 
1  2i
Reason (R) If z1  and z2  c  id , then z1  z2  (a  c)  i (b  d ).
1  3i

Page 34 of 41
 1
45. Assertion (A) If z  a  ib, then | z |
2
Reason (R) If z  a  ib, then | z | a2  b2 .
46. Assertion (A) If x  4iy  ix  y  3, then x  1 and y  4.
3 7
Reason (R) The reciprocal of 3  7i is equal to  i.
16 16
47. Assertion (A) If z  i  i , then z is equal to 0  0i.
9 19

Reason (R) The value of 1  i 2  i 4  i 6  ....  i 20 is equal to 1.

48. Assertion (A) If x  1  0, then solution is  i.
2

Reason (R) The value of i 1097 is equal to i.

49. Assertion (A) If 3x  4 x  2  0, then equation has imaginary roots.
2

Reason (R) In a quadratic equation, ax  bx  c  0, if D  b2  4ac is less than zero, then the equation will have
2

imaginary roots.
3  i 11
50. Assertion (A) Roots of quadratic equation x2  3x  5  0 is x  .
2
1 i 7
Reason (R) If x2  x  2  0 is a quadratic equation, then its roots are .
2
Case Based MCQs

51. Two complex numbers Z1  a  ib and' Z 2  c  id are said to be equal, if a = c and b = d. On the basis of above
information, answer the following questions.
(i) If (3a  6)  2ib  6b  (6  a)i, then the real values of a and b are respectively
(a) 2, 2 (b) 2, 2 (c) 3, 3 (d) 4, 2
(ii) If (2a  2b)  i  b  a   4i, then the real values of a and b are respectively.
(a) 2, 3 (b) 2, 2 (c) 3,1 (d) 2, 2

 1 i 
100

(iii) If    a  ib, then the values of a and b are respectively

 1 i 
(a) 1,0 (b) 0,1 (c) 1, 2 (d) 2,1
(1  i)2
(iv) If  x  iy, then the value of x  y is
2i
1 3 4 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
(v) If ( x  y)  i( x  y)  4  6i, then xy is equal to
(a) 5 (b)  5 (c) 4 (d) 4
52. A complex number z is pure real if and only if z  z and is pure imaginary if and only if z   z. Based on the above
information, answer the following questions.
(i) If (1  i ) z  (1  i ) z, then iz is

(a)  z (b) z (c) z (d) z 1

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 (ii) z1 z2 is

z1 1
(a) z1 z 2 (b) z1  z 2 (c) (d)
z2 z1 z 2
(2  i ) x  i (1  i ) y  2i
(iii) If x and y are real numbers and the complex number is pure real, the relation between x
4i 4i
and y is
(a) 8x  17 y  16 (b) 8x  17 y  16 (c) 17 x  8 y  16 (d) 17 x  8 y  16

3  2i sin   
(iv) If z   0     is pure imaginary, then  is equal to
1  2i sin   2
   
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 6 3 12

z1  z2
(v) If z1 and z2 are complex numbers such that 1
z1  z2

z1 z1
(a) is pure real (b) is pure imaginary
z2 z2

(c) z1 is pure real (d) z1 and z2 are pure imaginary

53. We have, i  1. So, we can write the higher powers of i as follows

(i) i 2  1 (ii) i  i . i  (1) .i  i

3 2

(iii) i 4  (i 2 )2   1  1 (iv) i5  i 41  i 4 .i  1.i  i

2

(v) i 6  i 42  i 4  i 2  1.i 2  1

In order to compute in for n> 4, write i n  i 4qr for some q, r  N and 0  r  3. Then,

i n  i 4 q .i r   i 4  .i r  (1) q .i r  i r . In general for any integer k, i 4 k  1, i 4 k 1  i, i 4 k 2  1and i 4k 3  i

q

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

(i) The value of i37 is equal to
(a) i (b) i (c) 1 (d)  1

(ii) The value of i 30 is equal to

(a) i (b) 1 (c)  1 (d) i

(iii) If z  i  i , then z is equal to

9 19

(a) 0  0i (b) 1  0i (c) 0  i (d) 1  2i

2
 19  1 25 
(iv) The value of i     is equal to
  i  
(a) 4 (b) 4 (c) i (d) 1
39
(v) If z  i , then simplest form of z is equal to

(a) 1  0i (b) 0  i (c) 0  0i (d) 1  i

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54. The conjugate of a complex number z, is the complex number, obtained by changing the sign of imaginary part of z.
It is denoted by z.
The modulus (or absolute value) of a complex number, z  a  ib is defined as the non-negative real number
z
a2  b2 . It is denoted by | z |, i.e. | z | a2  b2 Multiplicative inverse of z is . It is also called reciprocal of
| z |2
z. z z | z |2 .
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If ( x  iy)  3  5i  is the conjugate of 6  24i, then the value of x  y is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(ii) The value of (z  3)( z  3) is equivalent to
(a) | z  3 | (b) | z  3 | (c) z 2  3
2
(d) None of these
7z
(iii) If f ( z )  , where z  1  2i, then | f ( z ) | is equal to
1 z2
|z|
(a) (b) | z | (c) 2 | z | (d) None of these
2
(iv) If z1  1  3i and z2   2  4i, then | z1  z2 | equal to

(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1

zz
(v) If z  3  4i, then is equal to
2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

55. An equation of the form ax  bx  c, a  0 is called quadratic equation in variable x, where a, b and c are numbers
2

b  b 2  4ac
(real or complex). The roots of quadratic equation ax  bx  c  0, a  0 are  
2
and
2a
b  b 2  4ac
 Now, if we look at these roots of quadratic equation ax  bx  c  0; a  0, we observe that
2

2a
the roots depend upon the value of the quantity b2  4ac. This quantity is known as the discriminant of the quadratic
equation and denoted by D. There are following cases :
b
Case I If b  4ac  0, I.e. D  0, then     
2
. Thus, if b2 - 4ac = 0, then the quadratic equation has real and
2a
equal roots and each equal to b / 2 a.
Case II If a, b and e are rational numbers and b2  4ac  0 and it is a perfect square, then D  b2  4ac is a rational
number and hence  and  are rational and unequal.
Case III If b2  4ac  0 and it is not a perfect square, then roots are irrational and unequal.
Case IV If b  4ac  0, then the roots are complex conjugate of each other. Based on above information, answer the
2

following questions
21
(i) Roots of quadratic equation 2 x 2  2 3 x   0 are given by
8
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
(a)  i (b) 
 i (c)  i (d)   i
2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2
(ii) Roots of quadratic equation 25x2  30x  11  0 are given by
2 3 3 2 1 3 1 3
(a)  i (b)  i (c)  i (d)   i
5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2

Page 37 of 41
(iii) Roots of quadratic equation 2 x2  ax  1  0 are given by
1  7i 7 i 3  3i 3  7i
(a) (b) (c) (iv)
4 4 4 4
(iv) Roots of quadratic equation  x  x  2  0 are given by
2

1  7i 1  5i 1  7i 3  2i
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 4
20
(v) Roots of quadratic equation 3 x 2  4 x   0 are given by
3
2 4 4 2 3 5 3 5
(a)  i (b)  i (c)  i (d)   i
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4

ANSWERS

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (b) 21. (c)

22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (a) 31. (a) 32. (a)

33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (a)

Assertion-Reasoning MCQs

36. (c) 37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (a) 40. (b) 41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (d) 47. (c)
48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (b)

Case Based MCQs

51. (i) – (a); (ii) – (b); (iii) – (a); (iv) – (d); (v) – (b) 52. (i) – (b); (ii) – (a); (iii) – (a); (iv) – (c); (v) – (b)

53. (i) – (a); (ii) – (c); (iii) – (a); (iv) – (a); (v) – (b) 54. (i) – (a); (ii) – (a); (iii) – (a); (iv) – (a); (v) – (c);

55. (i) – (a); (ii) – (b); (iii) – (a); (iv) – (c); (v) – (a);

Page 38 of 41
 LEVEL-I (C.W)

1. The value of i  i  i      (2023) terms 

2 4 6

(a)  1 (b) 0 (c) i (d) i

 n
 5i 
2.    
n 0  6 

36  30i 36  30i 36  30i

(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
61 61 60
2024 100
3. If  i  i
k 0
k

p 1
p
 x  iy then (x, y) is

(a) (0,1) (b) (0,0) (c) (2,3) (d) (4, 8)

4. The value of 1  (1  i )  (1  i)  (1  i) 
2 3

(a) 0 (b) - 5 i (c) 4 i (d) 3 i

2024 2022
 1 i   1 i 
5.     
 2  2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1  i (d) none of these
6. The condition for the cube of a  ib to be a real number is
(a) a  0 or a   3b (b) a  0 or b   3a
(c) b  0 or b   3a (d) b  0 or a   3b
7. If x  3  5i, then z  z  198  ...3

(a) 3  15i (b) 3  15i (c) 3  15i (d) 3  15i

x  3i
8. If  1  i then the value of (5 x  7 y ) 2 
2  iy
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 4
9. If ( x  iy)(2  cis )  3 then x  y  4 x  3 
2 2

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

10. The non zero Complex number Z satisfying z  iZ is 2

(a) I (b) i (c) 1  i (d) 1  i

1
11. The conjugate of a complex number is then the complex number is (AIEEE 2008)
i 1
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1
1  2i
12. The complex number lies in the Quadrant number
1 i
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV
13. If sin x  i cos 2 x,cos x  i sin 2 x are conjugate to each other then x 

(a) n , n  I (b) ( n  1) ,n I (c)  (d) (2n  1) , n  I
2
14. Z1 , Z 2 are two complex numbers such that Z1  Z 2 is a complex number and Z1Z 2 is real number then
(a) Z2  Z 1 (b) Z1  Z 2 (c) Z1  Z 2 (d) Z1 Z 2  1
4  i cos 
15. The real value of ' ', for which the expression is a real number is (OPTIONAL)
1  4i cos 
3 3 
(a) 2n  ,n I (b) 2n  ,n I (c) n , n  I (d) 2n  ,n I
2 2 4

Page 39 of 41
16. The square root of 7  24i, where i  1 is
2

(a)   4  3i  (b)   4  3i  (c)   4  13i  (d)   14  3i 

LEVEL I (H.W)

1. The value of i  i 3  i 5  .... 2n terms 

(a)  1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) i

 i 
1973
2. n
 i n1 
n1

(a) i (b) i  1 (c)  i (d) 0

4 n 1 4 n 1
i i
3. If n is any positive integer, then the value of equals
2
(a) 1 (b)  1 (c) 0 (d)  i
4. If ‘n’ is an odd integer, then 1  i   1  i 
6n 6n
is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c)  2 (d) 2i
5. If 2i  1  ai then a 
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
6. If z  2  i 3 then z  4z  8z  35 is 4 2

(a) 6 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

x y
7. If  x  iy   a  ib then  
1/ 3

a b
(a) a 2  b2 (b) 2  a 2  b2  (c) 3 a 2  b2  (d) 4  a 2  b2 

 a  ib   a  ib 
2 2

8. The real and imaginary parts of     are

 a  ib   a  ib 

(a) 1,

8ab a 2  b 2  (b) 0,

8ab a 2  b 2  (c) 0,

8ab a 2  b 2  (d) 1,

8ab a 2  b 2 
a  a  a  a 
2 2 2 2
2
 b2 2
 b2 2
 b2 2
 b2

9. The integral solution of 1  i   2 x is

x

(a) x  1 (b) x  1 (c) x  2 (d) x  0

 1 i 
x

10.    1 is
 1 i 
(a) x  2n, n  N (b) x  4n  1, n  N (c) x  2n  1, n  N (d) x  4n, n  N
11. If Z  3  4i is turned 90 in anti clock direction then new position of Z is
o

(a) 3  4i (b) 4  3i (c) 4  3i (d) 3  4i

12. Z1 , Z2 are complex numbers such that Z1  Z2 , Z1Z2 are real numbers then
(a) z2  z1 (b) z1  z2 (c) z1  z2  0 (d) z1  2z2  0
13. The number of solutions of the equation z  z is 2

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

1  i cos 
14. If is purely imaginary then   (OPTIONAL)
1  4i cos
    5
(a) 2n  ,n I (b) 2n  ,n I (c) 2n  ,n I (d) 2n  , 2n  ;n  I
2 2 2 6 6

Page 40 of 41
15. The square root of 4ab  2i  a 2  b2  (OPTIONAL)

(a)   a  b   i  a  b   (b)   a  b   i  a  b  

(c)   a  b   i  a  b   (d)   a  b   i  a  b  

ANSWER

LEVEL-I (C.W)

1. a 9. a

2. a 10. b

3. b 11. c

4. b 12. b

5. c 13. c

6. c 14. b

7. d 15. c

8. b 16. a

LEVEL-I (H.W)

1. c 9. d

2. b 10. d

3. c 11. c

4. a 12. a

5. d 13. d

6. b 14. d

7. d 15. a

8. c

* Please note: (OPTIONAL) denotes that those topics / numerical may not be in CBSE class XI syllabus *

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