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Yr 4 Algebra

The document provides an overview of algebra, including definitions of algebraic expressions, variables, terms, coefficients, and the anatomy of algebraic expressions. It outlines operation rules, arithmetic laws, and methods for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of algebraic expressions and fractions. Additionally, it explains factoring expressions to simplify them.

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kalaivani
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8 views8 pages

Yr 4 Algebra

The document provides an overview of algebra, including definitions of algebraic expressions, variables, terms, coefficients, and the anatomy of algebraic expressions. It outlines operation rules, arithmetic laws, and methods for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of algebraic expressions and fractions. Additionally, it explains factoring expressions to simplify them.

Uploaded by

kalaivani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALGEBRA

Prepared by
Scholarly Test Prep
March 2022
Algebra
Algebra is a branch of mathematics
that involves the use of variables with
mathematical operations.

Algebraic Expression
a combination of variables and numbers 3x + 2yz
combined through the mathematical This is an expression.
operations.

Variable In this example,


a letter or object that represents an
unknown number or quantity. 3x + 2yz
also called pronumeral. the variables are x, y, and z.

Term
a part of an expression with only variables,
numbers, multiplication, and division.
From the example above,
It is separated by the addition and 3x and 2yz are the terms.
subtraction operations.
A term with no variable is called a constant
term.

Coefficient From the example above,


3 and 2 are the coefficients.
The number in front of a variable.
If no number is seen in front of a variable,
its coefficient is 1.
If a term subtracts, its coefficient is a
negative number. 1
Anatomy of
an Algebraic
Expression
An algebraic expression consists
of one or more terms. Let's take
a closer look at its components.

A term can be any of the following:

-y 3 5x
A variable A constant A variable and a constant
a.k.a. pronumeral combined by ⨯ or ÷

An Algebraic Expression may have following parts:


Variables Operation
represented by letters ( + or - ) between two terms

2x + 3y - 5
Constants
Coefficients or fixed numerical values

2
Operation Rules
1. a x b is written as ab.
2. a ÷ b is written as ab.
3. The sum of a and b is a + b.
4. The difference between a and b is a - b.
5. The product of a and b is ab.
6. a
The quotient of a and b is ---.
b
7. The square of a is a 2.

Substitution
replacing variables with numbers
sometimes called evaluation

Equivalence
If two different expressions have the same result
after an equal substitution, they are equivalent.

3
Arithmetic Laws
Commutative Law
- If we add or multiply two numbers, then the resultant
value remains the same, regardless of their order.

a+b=b+a
ab = ba

Associative Law
- The sum or product of three numbers is still the same
regardless of the groupings of the numbers.

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(ab) x c = a x (bc)

Distributive Law
- Multiplying the sum of two or more addends by a number
will give the same result as multiplying each addend
individually by the number and then adding the products
together.
a(b + c) = ab + ac

4
Algebra Operations
Addition and Subtraction
In adding and subtracting an expression, the terms must be
alike. Like terms are terms that consist of the same
coefficient, variables, and powers, regardless of their order.
For example, 5xy2 and 5y2x are like terms.

Example: Simplify 4x + 3y - 2x + 2y.


Step 1: Group like terms Step 2: Simplify.
4x - 2x + 3y + 2y 4x - 2x + 3y + 2y
= 2x + 5y

Multiplication
Unlike addition and subtraction, multiplication does not
require having like terms. Directly multiply the factors
For example, 2ab × 5c

2 × a × b × 5 × c = 10abc

Division
The division of expressions is expressed as fractions.
Cancel out common factors and reduce the coefficients to
their lowest terms.
Example: 12x2 yz ÷ 4xz
3 1

12x yz
2
12x yz 2
= = 3xy
4xz 4xz
5
Algebra Fraction Operations
Addition and Subtraction
Like the rules in adding and subtracting normal unlike fractions,
algebraic fractions must have the same denominators to proceed.
Example: 2a 5
+
3 b
Step 1: Find their LCD.
In the example, their LCD is 3b. It will be their new denominator.

Step 2: Divide and Multiply, then Simplify


Divide the LCD by the denominators of the fractions and multiply
the quotient by their numerators.
3b ÷ 3 x 2a 3b ÷ 3 x 5 = 2ab + 15
+
3b 3b 3ab 3ab
2ab + 15
=
3b
Therefore, the sum of 2a
3
and
5
b
is 2ab + 15
3b
.

Multiplication
The rules of multiplying fractions can also be applied to algebraic
fractions. Directly multiply the numerators and denominators
separately. Then, simplify their product.

Division
The rules of dividing fractions can also be applied to algebraic
fractions. Transform the divisor into its reciprocal (interchanging
the values of numerator and denominator) and multiply the
fractions. Lastly, simplify the result.

6
Factoring Expressions
It is getting the factors of expressions to easily simplify them.

Example: Factorise 12xy + 3x

Step 1: Find their Highest Common Factor (HCF).


In our example, the HCF is 3x.

Step 2: Divide the terms by the HCF.


12xy + 3 = 4y + 1
3x
Step 3: Put the quotient and HCF together.
Separate them with parenthesis.
12xy + 3x = 3x (4y + 1)

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