Learning English Grade 10

W2 Area Level
Quarter 4th Date February 13-14, 2025
I. LESSON TITLE Technical Terms Used in Research
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
Distinguish technical terms used in research.
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Research Technical Terms
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: 90 minutes)
What is Research?
Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical
information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable
methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines.
Research is conducted to evaluate the validity of a hypothesis or an interpretive framework; to
assemble a body of substantive knowledge and findings for sharing them in appropriate manners; and to
generate questions for further inquiries.
As a Grade 10 student, you are expected to create basic research. But before planning and coming up
with the different parts of your study, it is just appropriate to be familiar with some of the used terms in
research writing. Although some terms you will meet while researching are not listed below, these jargons
are likewise the common and useful ones to know and learn beforehand. Through this, you will become
ready once you finally use them as you investigate for some problems or issues of your interest.
TERM DEFINITION
abstract A brief overview of a research study
Applied Research Conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice
Basic Research Research that tests theories
Conceptual Definition A variable, such as anxiety, may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness
concepts The building blocks of theories
constitutive definition The basic, dictionary meaning
Control group In experiments, the one that does not get the treatment
Correlational study A type of research design that depicts a relationship between variables, but not necessarily
one of cause -effect
data Information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation.
Delimitations It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope.
Dependent variable The concept that the researcher is most interested in understanding
Descriptive study Research design that describes “what is” e.g. a survey
experiment A research design used to find “cause-effect” relationships the “effect of…on…”
Experimental Group The one that gets the treatment
External validity How generalizable the results are as it concerns other populations and locations
extraneous Variables that may influence or contaminate the data
heterogeneous Groups under study are very different or varied.
homogeneous Groups that are very similar
Independent variable The concept being studied that usually indicates the influence or cause; the one that the
researcher is manipulating
hypothesis A statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between
variables
Inductive Reasoning The basis for the qualitative research approach
Deductive Reasoning Depends on premises and is the basis for the quantitative research approach
Internal validity The extent to which a study measures what it is supposed to measure (accuracy within a
study)
Introduction Establishes the scope, context and significance of the research to be conducted.
Limitations identify potential weaknesses of the study.
Measures of central Averages e.g. the mean)
tendency
mean The arithmetic average
median The middle where half the scores fall above, half below, eliminates the influence of outliers
 Methodology Systematic approach to the conduct of a process. It includes steps of procedure, application
of techniques, systems of analysis, and the modes of inquiry employed by a discipline.
mode The score that occurs the most
Null Hypothesis The proposition, to be tested statistically, that the experimental intervention has "no effect,"
meaning that the treatment and control groups will not differ as a result of the intervention.
Investigators usually hope that the data will demonstrate some effect from the intervention,
thus allowing the investigator to reject the null hypothesis.
Operational definition How a term is used in a study
Participant Also called respondents, their characteristics and responses are the object of study in
research

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

TERM DEFINITION
Principle investigator The person who oversees a research
population the target group under investigation. The population is the entire set under consideration.
Samples are drawn from populations
Purpose of the study specific research aims and objectives for the research.
random By chance
Qualitative Research Trying to verify or generate descriptive theory that is grounded in the data gleaned from the
investigation (naturalistic).
Quantitative Research Answer a specific research question by showing statistical evidence that the data may be
addressed in a particular way (experimental).
Questionnaire Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather information.
Random sample Everybody has the same chance of being assigned to any group.
Research A systematic, objective way to generate facts
Research design The method for finding out what the researcher wants to know, experiment, and correlate…
Research Methodology The method of research design (paradigm as well as statistics and analysis) as well as the
approximate timeline for completion of the study.
Relationship The bond or connection between two variables
sample A smaller group that represents population of interest
Significance of the It is written as part of the introduction section of a thesis. It provides details to the reader
Study on how the study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit
from it.
Standard deviation A measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of scores from the mean
Statement of the Part of the introduction which enumerates the research questions which the study sought to
problem answer.
Statistical Analysis Application of statistical processes and theory to the compilation, presentation, discussion,
and interpretation of numerical data.
Statistical significance An important finding that did not likely happen by chance
Statistics Mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to analyze data; it must match with
research designs
 T-score

A standard score on the normal curve where the mean is assigned “50” deviations of “10”.
Allows more simple interpretation of student achievement

subject The people who are being studied

T-test A parametric statistical tool that compares differences between the means of two groups:
assumptions for use include normal distribution and at least interval data
theory An generalization that presents a representation about relationships among phenomena
validity Accuracy, the extent to which a test or study measures what it is supposed to measure

variable A quality of interest or concepts that can be manipulated, observed or studied

D. Development (Time Frame: 45 minutes)

Activity 1: What is Research?

Direction: Determine further the meaning and function of research by reading the paragraphs below. In doing so,
arrange the jumbled letters of some terms to understand research even better.
When researchers are interested in examining a problem using a scientific approach, it is said that they are doing
a (1.) S A R R E E C H. The people who are being studied are called (2.) B U J E C T S. The person who oversees the
research is called the (3.) P R I N C E L I P investigator. The building blocks of theories are called (4.) C E P C O N T S.
An abstract generalization that presents a systematic representation about relationships among phenomena is
called
a (5.) H E R O Y T. The concepts that are studied are called (6.) B A R I A L E V. The concept that is being studied that
usually that usually indicates the influence or cause is called the (7.) D E N T I N P E E N D variable. The concept that
the researcher is most interested in understanding is called the (8.) T E E N N P E D D variable. Variables that may
influence or contaminate the data are called (9.) E O U T S X A E R N variables. If the group that is being studied is very
different or varied, the group is said to be (10.) G E N E S H E R O T E O U while groups that are very similar are called
(11.) H O O M N E E G O U S groups. When studying variables, definitions must be clarified. A variable such as anxiety
may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness; this is called a (12.) C E P T A L C U O N definition. To measure anxiety, the
State-Traite Anxiety Scale might be used.
A (13.) S Y S I T H E P H O is a statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or
between
variables. There are two major categories for research designs. One design, the (14.) Q U A I N T V A I E T T approach
uses data that has numerical representation or values. The second design, (15.) Q U A I L V E A T T I, uses narrative
data. (16.) D E D U C E V I T reasoning is the basis for quantitative approach. The bond or connection between two
variables is called a (17.) O R I E N T A L H I P S. Research that is conducted to generate knowledge that influences or
improves practice is called (18.) D E A L I P P research. Research that tests theories is known as (19.) A S C I B
research.

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Activity 2: What’s the Term?

Direction: Distinguish the research terms being asked in each item.

_______________________ 1. The people who are being studied in a research

_______________________ 2. Accuracy, the extent to which a test or study measures what it is supposed to
measure _______________________ 3. Everybody has the same chance of being assigned to any group.
_______________________ 4. A measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of scores from the mean
_______________________ 5. Mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to analyze data
_______________________ 6. An important finding that did not likely happen by chance
_______________________ 7. The method for finding out what the researcher wants to know, experiment, or correlate.
_______________________ 8. A quality of interest that can be manipulated, observed or studied
_______________________ 9. A smaller group that represents population of interest
__________________________ 10. Uses data that has numerical representation or values
E.Engagemen (Time Frame:
5 minutes
)
t
Activit
3: Puzzling 5
y Study the crossword puzzle below by determining the research terms through the clues given on the right.
Direction
Answer
:
 the last letter of your answer and put it in the last box.)
_________________ 2. This is the application of statistical processes and theory to the compilation,
presentation, discussion, and interpretation of numerical data. (Take the second letter of
your answer and put it in the seventh box.)
_________________ 3. This refers to a part of research which identifies the potential weaknesses of a study.
(Take the sixth letter of your answer and put it in the sixth box.)
_________________ 4. It tells the reader what you hope to accomplish regarding the problem by carrying out
your study. (Take the third letter of your answer and put it in the fifth box.)
_________________ 5. It involves specific techniques that are adopted in research process to collect, assemble
and evaluate data. It defines those tools, as well as the approximate timeline for
completion of the study. (Take the tenth letter of your answer and put it in the fourth box.)

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

__________________ 6. This is the target group of the research. (Take the tenth letter and put it in the third box.)
__________________ 7. It is another term for participants. (Take the fifth letter and put it in the second box.)
__________________ 8. It is a systematic investigation and study of materials and sources in order to establish
facts and reach new conclusions. (Take the seventh letter of your answer and put it in the
first box.)

The Mystery Word is…

A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 45 minutes)

 Activity 5: Signify the Terms
Directions: In relation to the lesson and
activities on research terms, explain their
importance to making research by
interpreting the image on the left.

V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 35 minutes)

(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation
, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)
Activity6: MATCHING TERMS
Directions:
Match the definitions in Column A to its appropriate research terms in Column B.

COLUMNA COLUMN B
1. It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope.
2. Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather info.
3. The arithmetic average
4. The basic, dictionary meaning
5. A brief, overview of a research study
6. Refers to how a wordis used in a study
7. In experiments, the one that does not get the treatment
8. Information; can be number or words
9. The one that gets the treatment
10. Research design that describes ”whatis”
11. A research design used to find “ cause-effect” relationships
12. The variable the researcher is manipulating

a. ABSTRACT
b. DELIMITATION
c. CONTROL GROUP
d. QUESTIONNAIRE
e. DATA
f. CONSTITUTIVE DEFINITION
g. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
h. EXPERIMENT
i. EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
j. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
k. MEAN
l. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 10 minutes)
 • Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the
column for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
¶ - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
ü - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform
this task.
Learning LP Learning Task LP Learning LP
Task Task
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6
y
VII. REFERENCES For lesson and activities:
Department of Education. 2020. English 10: Quarter 4 - Module 9: Understanding
Research Jargon (Technical Terms in Research). pp. 12-13, 19-20.
Palomar, Lito, Ma. Victoria Velasco, and Mariecris Hontiveros. 2016. Interactive English
10. Philippines: Jemma, Inc. pp. 339-343.
Illustrations: www.canva.com

Prepared by: Checked

Lucinda A. Jurilla by: Maria Madel C. Rubia
Luzviminda Cynthia Richelle F.
Alfonso V. Mabuting Quintero
Regicelle D. Cabaysa