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Unit 4 Sample Problems

The document contains a series of transformer-related problems and solutions, including calculations for impedance, voltage, current, efficiency, and losses in various transformer configurations. Each example provides specific parameters and asks for a particular electrical property to be calculated. The problems cover a range of scenarios, including short circuit tests, voltage regulation, and efficiency at different power factors.

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199 views10 pages

Unit 4 Sample Problems

The document contains a series of transformer-related problems and solutions, including calculations for impedance, voltage, current, efficiency, and losses in various transformer configurations. Each example provides specific parameters and asks for a particular electrical property to be calculated. The problems cover a range of scenarios, including short circuit tests, voltage regulation, and efficiency at different power factors.

Uploaded by

paguioprincess16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 4 Examples

1. A transformer has a primary winding of 2000 turns and a voltage of 2400 V and current of
8.66 – j5 Amperes with an impedance Z2 connected across the secondary winding. The
secondary has 500 turns. What is the value of the secondary impedance?

2. The primary of transformer has 200 turns and is excited by a 60 Hz 220 volts source. What is
the minimum value of the core flux?

3. A transformer is rated 2 KVA, 230 V / 115 V, 60 Hz. Because of an emergency, this


transformer has to be used on a 50 Hz system. If the flux density in the transformer core is to
be kept the same as at 60 Hz and 230 V, what voltage should be applied at 50 Hz?
4. A transformer has a primary winding of 2,000 turns and of 2,400 v and a current of
8.66 – j5 A with impedance Z2 connected across the secondary winding. If the
secondary winding has 500 turns, what is the value of the secondary
current?

Solution
𝐈𝟏 𝐍𝟏
=
𝐈𝟐 𝐍𝟐
8.66 − j5 2000
=
I2 500

(8.66 − j5)(500)
𝐈𝟐 = = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 − 𝐣𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝐀
2000
5. A 100 – kVA 2,400/240-volt 60 cycle transformer has the following constant: rp
= 0.42Ω; Xp = 0.72Ω; rs = 0.0038 Ω; Xs = 0.0068Ω. What is the equivalent
impedance in primary terms?

6. A 10 kVA, 2,400/240 V, single – phase transformer has the following resistances


and the leakage reactance’s rp = 3Ω, rs = 0.03Ω, Xp = 15Ω,Xs = 0.15Ω. Find the
impedance referred to the secondary.

7. The maximum flux density in the core of a 3000/240-V, 50 Hz single-phase


distribution transformer is 1. 25 Tesla. If the voltage induced per turn is 8 volts,
determine the cross sectional of the core in cm2.
8. The net cross section of a transformer is 20 sq. inches. The maximum flux
density is 11 kilogausses. The frequency is 60 Hz. If there are 1000 turns in the
primary, determine the primary induced emf.

9. Calculate the total magnetic flux in a 60-cycle transformer in which the


induced emf per turn of the winding is equal to 2 V.

10. The secondary side of a certain welding transformer has 2 turns and delivers
300 A. If the primary side has 30 turns, how much current flows through it?
11. A single-phase transformer is rated 4160 V primary and 250 V secondary. It
has 1500 turns in the primary and a voltage regulation of 8 %. What should be
the number of turns in the secondary winding?

12. A 10 kVA, 2400/240 V single-phase transformer has the following resistances


and reactances. Find the primary voltage required to produce 240 V at the
secondary terminals at full load, when the power factor is 0.8 lagging.
R1= 3 ohms, X1= 15 ohms R2= 0.03 ohms, X2= 0.150 ohms

13.A single-phase transformer rated 75 kVA, 8000 volts primary 240 volts
secondary, is given the short circuit test. With the secondary terminals short-
circuited, 440 volts (60 Hz) is impressed on the primary, which then draws rated
current and 1125 watts. Solve the percentage impedance of the transformer.
14. A short circuit test was performed upon a 10 kVA, 2300/230-volt transformer
with the following results: Esc= 137 V; Psc= 192 W; Isc= 4.34 A. Calculate in
primary terms the reactance of the transformer.

15. A single-phase, 25 kVA, 4800/240-volt transformer was given a short circuit


tests: with the secondary terminals short-circuited, 93.75 volts was applied on
the primary so that the ammeter reads rated current and the wattmeter reads
162.74 watts, all on the primary side. Solve for the percentage resistance of
the transformer.

16. The following data were obtained when a short-circuit test was performed
upon a 100 kVA, 2400/240 volts distribution transformer: Esc= 72 volts; Isc= 41.6 A;
Psc= 1180 W. All instruments are on the high side during the short circuit test.
Calculate the equivalent resistance and reactance of the transformer.
17. A 13.8 kV/ 480 V, 10 MVA three-phase transformer has 5% impedance. What
is the impedance in ohms referred to the primary?

18. The following data were obtained when a short circuit test was performed
upon a 100 kVA, 2400/240 volts distribution transformer: Esc= 72 volts; Isc= 41.6 A;
Psc= 1180 W. All instruments are on the high side during the short circuit test.
Calculate the percent regulation at a power factor of 0.75 lagging.

19. A 200-kVA transformer with impedance of 5% and the power factor of the
load is 85%. The primary voltage is 6000 volts while the copper loss is 5kW. Find
the percentage regulation.
20. A 150 kVA, three-phase transformer supplies 100 kVA at 50% lagging power
factor. The transformer’s winding impedance is 2% resistance and 5%
reactance, based on 150 kVA. Determine the voltage regulation of the
transformer at this load. Assume 100% Voltage

21. A short circuit test was performed upon a 10 kVA, 2300/230 volt transformer
with the following results: Esc= 137 volts; Psc= 195 W, Isc= 4.34 A. Calculate the
percent regulation at a lagging power factor of 0.707.

22. The full load copper loss of a 75 kVA single phase transformer is thrice the iron
losses. At half load unity pf, the efficiency is 97%. Determine the full load
efficiency at 0.8 pf lagging.
23. A 50 kVA, 2300/230-volt, 60 cycle transformer is tested in the laboratory so that
its characteristics maybe determined. The standard test requires an open
circuit test and short circuit test.
Open circuit test I= 6.5 A E= 230 V P= 187 W
Short circuit test I=21.7A E= 115V P=570 W
Determine the efficiency of the transformer at half load, unity pf.
24. The iron loss of a 25 kVA, 60 Hz single phase distribution transformer is 1% of the
rated output at unity power factor and the full load copper loss is 360 W.
Determine the efficiency when operating one half of the rated output at 70%
power factor lagging.

25. The all-day efficiency of a 10 kVA single-phase transformer is 94.7% when


loaded as follows: full load unity pf for 4 hours and no load at the rest of the
day. If the full load copper loss at unity pf is 400 watts, calculate the core loss.

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