Task/Interview Questions

1. Creating a Duplicate Table in Power Query Editor Without Using

Duplicate Table Functionality: To create a duplicate of a table in Power
Query Editor without using the built-in "Duplicate" functionality, you
can follow these steps: o Open the Power Query Editor. o
Select the table you want to duplicate from the Queries pane. o
Right-click on the table name and select "Reference" from the
context menu.
This creates a new query that refers to the
original table. o Rename the new query to your
preferred name. o Make any additional changes or
transformations as needed for the duplicated table.
2. Frequent Transformations in Projects: Common transformations might
include:

o Filtering rows based on specific criteria. o Removing or

renaming columns. o Changing data types. o Merging
queries (joining tables). o Appending queries
(combining rows from different tables). o Creating
calculated columns or measures. o Aggregating data
(e.g., summing, averaging).
o Handling missing values.
3. Inserted and Extracted Columns in Power BI:

o Inserted Column: This refers to adding a new column to a table.

In Power Query Editor, you can insert a column based on custom
calculations or transformations (e.g., adding a column for year
extracted from a date).
o Extracted Column: This refers to deriving a new column from an
existing one based on specific patterns or content (e.g.,
extracting the domain from an email address).
4. Preview Options in Power BI: Preview Options in Power BI refer to
settings that affect how data is previewed in the Power Query Editor.
This can include settings for data load performance, data type
detection, and how previews are shown for large datasets.
5. Layers in Power BI System: The layers in Power BI include:
o Data Layer: Handles the data ingestion, transformation, and
preparation (Power Query Editor). o Model Layer: Contains
data relationships, calculated columns, measures, and data
modeling (Data Model).
o Report Layer: Includes the visualizations, charts, and layout
(Report View).
o Service Layer: Involves publishing, sharing, and collaboration
features (Power BI Service).
6. Cardinality and Types:

o Cardinality refers to the uniqueness of data values in a

column. It describes the relationship between tables.
o Types of Cardinality:
▪ One-to-One (1:1): Each record in one table relates to one
record in another table.
▪ One-to-Many (1

): A single record in one table relates to multiple records in

another table.

▪ Many-to-One (N:1): Multiple records in one table relate to a

single record in another table. ▪ Many-to-Many (N

): Multiple records in both tables relate to each other.

7. Cross Filter Direction: Cross Filter Direction determines how filters are
propagated between related tables in a data model:

o Single: Filters apply only in one direction from one table to

another.
o Both: Filters apply in both directions between related tables.
8. Active and Inactive Relationship:

o Active Relationship: The relationship between tables that is

used in calculations and filters by default. o Inactive
Relationship: A relationship that exists but is not used by
default; can be activated in specific DAX functions using the
USERELATIONSHIP function.
9. Bookmarks in Power BI: Bookmarks capture the current state of a
report page, including filters and slicers, so you can return to that state
 later. They can be used for creating interactive reports, presentations,
or navigating between different views of a report.
10. Difference Between Report and Dashboard in Power BI:

o Report: A collection of multiple pages of visuals (charts,

tables, etc.) that display data insights.
o Dashboard: A single-page, consolidated view that aggregates
visuals from multiple reports or datasets. It provides a high-
level summary.
11. Tooltip and Custom Tooltip Feature in Power BI:

o Tooltip: Provides additional information when hovering over a

visual element.
It helps users understand data points more clearly. o
Custom Tooltip: Allows you to create a separate report page
as a tooltip, offering detailed information tailored to specific
visual elements.
12. Drill-Down and Drill-Through in Power BI:

o Drill-Down: Allows users to explore data at different levels of

detail within a single visual (e.g., clicking on a year to see
monthly data).
o Drill-Through: Navigates to a different report page based on a
selected data point, often providing detailed context about
that selection.
13. Conditional Formatting in Power BI: Conditional Formatting allows
you to change the appearance of visuals (e.g., colors, font size) based
on data values, helping to highlight key insights and trends.
14. Types of Filters in Power BI:

o Visual Level Filters: Apply to a single visual. o Page Level

Filters: Apply to all visuals on a specific report page.
o Report Level Filters: Apply to all pages within the report. o
Slicers: Interactive filters that allow users to select criteria
directly on the report.
15. Ways to Filter Reports in Power BI:

o Using filters (Visual Level, Page Level, Report Level). o Using

slicers. o Applying top N filters. o Creating drill-downs
and drill-throughs.
o Utilizing query parameters.
16. Types of Visuals Used: The types of visuals can vary widely but
may include:

o Bar charts
o Line charts o Pie charts o Tables
o Matrix o Maps o Cards o KPIs o Scatter plots o
Slicers
17. Challenges Faced in Projects: Challenges might include:

o Data quality issues (missing values, inconsistencies). o

Performance issues with large datasets. o Complex data

transformations and calculations.
o Ensuring accurate data modeling and relationships.
o User requirements and scope changes.
18. Use of Slicer Visual in Power BI: A slicer visual allows users to
filter data interactively by selecting values from a list, dropdown, or
other control options. It helps in focusing on specific subsets of data
within reports.

19. (Repeated) Types of Visuals Used: This question was answered

earlier in point 16.

20. (Repeated) Challenges Faced: This question was answered

earlier in point 17.

21. Use of Slicer Visual: This question was answered earlier in point
18.

22. What Is DAX and Types of DAX Functions Used:

o DAX (Data Analysis Expressions): A formula language used in

Power BI for creating custom calculations.
o Types of DAX Functions:
▪ Aggregation functions (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE)
▪ Logical functions (e.g., IF, SWITCH)
▪ Date functions (e.g., DATEADD, DAYS)
▪ Filter functions (e.g., CALCULATE, FILTER)
▪ Time Intelligence functions (e.g., TOTALYTD,
SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR)
23. Most Commonly Used DAX Functions: Commonly used DAX
functions might include:

o SUM o CALCULATE o FILTER

 o IF o RELATED o YEAR o MONTH o DATEADD
24. Create New Measure for Previous Month’s Order:

DAX

Copy code

PreviousMonthOrders =

CALCULATE(

SUM(Orders[OrderAmount]),

PREVIOUSMONTH(Orders[OrderDate])

25. Create New Measure for Previous Month’s Return:

DAX

Copy code
PreviousMonthReturns =

CALCULATE(

SUM(Returns[ReturnAmount]),

PREVIOUSMONTH(Returns[ReturnDate])

26. Create New Measure for Previous Month’s Revenue:

DAX

Copy code

PreviousMonthRevenue =

CALCULATE(

SUM(Sales[Revenue]), PREVIOUSMONTH(Sales[SaleDate])

27. Difference Between COUNT and COUNTA Functions:

o COUNT: Counts only numeric values or dates.

o COUNTA: Counts all non-empty values, including text,
numbers, and errors.
28. Difference Between SUM and SUMX Functions:
 o SUM: Adds up the values in a column directly.
o SUMX: Performs row-by-row calculations and then sums the
results (e.g., SUMX(Table, Table[Column1] * Table[Column2])).
29. Difference Between a Calculated Column and a Measure:

o Calculated Column: A column added to a table where the

value is calculated row by row. It becomes part of the table. o
Measure: A calculation used in aggregations or filtering,
calculated based on the context of the data in visuals.
30. What is SDLC?

o SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle): A structured

approach to software development that includes phases such
as planning, analysis, design, development, testing,
deployment, and maintenance.
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You said:
1. Explain without using duplicate table functionality how to create duplicate
table in power Query Editor? 2. What are the frequent transformation you did
in your project? 3. Explain Inserted and Extracted column in power bi? 4.
What is Preview Options in power Bi? 5. What are the layers in power bi
system? 6. What Is Cardinality? and How many types of cardinality? 7. What
is Cross Filter Direction? 8. What is Active and Inactive
Relationship? 9. hat are bookmarks in Power BI, and how do you use them?
10. Explain the difference between a Report and a Dashboard in Power BI?
11. What is Tooltip and Custom Tooltip feature in power bi? 12. Explain the
concept of drill-down and drill-through in Power
BI? 13. What is the use of Conditional Formatting in Power bi? 14. How many
types of Filters in power bi? 15. How many ways in power bi to filter your
report? 16. How many types of visuals you used in your Project? 17. What
Type of Challenges you faced in your project?
18. What is the use of Slizer Visual in power BI? 19. How many types of
visuals you used in your Project? 20. What Type of Challenges you faced in
your project? 21. What is the use of Slizer Visual in power BI? 22. What is
Dax and What type of Dax Functions have you used in your project? 23.
Which DAX Functions Are Most Commonly Used in your Projects? 24. Create
New Measure for Previous Months order? 26. Create New Measure for
Previous Months Return? 27. Create New Measure for Previous Months
Revenue? 28. Difference between the COUNT and COUNTA functions? 29.
Difference between the SUM and SUMX functions? 30. Difference between a
Calculated Column and a Measure? 31. What is SDLC? 32. What is Agile
Methodology? 33. What is Power Bi? 34. What is Business Intelligence? 35.
Difference Between Descriptive Analysis & Predictive Analysis?

ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT

Sure, let's dive into each of these questions.

31. Creating a Duplicate Table in Power Query Editor Without Using

Duplicate Table Functionality: To create a duplicate of a table in
Power Query Editor without using the built-in "Duplicate"
functionality, you can follow these steps: o Open the Power
Query Editor. o Select the table you want to duplicate from the
Queries pane.
o Right-click on the table name and select "Reference" from
the context menu.
This creates a new query that refers to the
original table. o Rename the new query to your
preferred name. o Make any additional changes or
transformations as needed for the duplicated table.
32. Frequent Transformations in Projects: Common transformations might
include:

o Filtering rows based on specific criteria. o Removing or renaming

columns. o Changing data types. o Merging queries (joining
tables). o Appending queries (combining rows from different
tables). o Creating calculated columns or measures. o
Aggregating data (e.g., summing, averaging).
o Handling missing values.
33. Inserted and Extracted Columns in Power BI:
 o
Inserted Column: This refers to adding a new column to a table.
In Power Query Editor, you can insert a column based on custom
calculations or transformations (e.g., adding a column for year
extracted from a date).
o Extracted Column: This refers to deriving a new column from an
existing one based on specific patterns or content (e.g.,
extracting the domain from an email address).
34. Preview Options in Power BI: Preview Options in Power BI refer to
settings that affect how data is previewed in the Power Query Editor.
This can include settings for data load performance, data type
detection, and how previews are shown for large datasets.
35. Layers in Power BI System: The layers in Power BI include:

o Data Layer: Handles the data ingestion, transformation, and

preparation (Power Query Editor). o Model Layer: Contains data
relationships, calculated columns, measures, and data modeling
(Data Model).
o Report Layer: Includes the visualizations, charts, and layout
(Report View).
o Service Layer: Involves publishing, sharing, and collaboration
features (Power BI Service).
36. Cardinality and Types:

o Cardinality refers to the uniqueness of data values in a column.

It describes the relationship between tables.
o Types of Cardinality:
▪ One-to-One (1:1): Each record in one table relates to one
record in another table.
▪ One-to-Many (1

): A single record in one table relates to multiple records in

another table.

▪ Many-to-One (N:1): Multiple records in one table relate to a

single record in another table. ▪ Many-to-Many (N

): Multiple records in both tables relate to each other.

 o
37. Cross Filter Direction: Cross Filter Direction determines how filters
are propagated between related tables in a data model:
Single: Filters apply only in one direction from one table to another.

o Both: Filters apply in both directions between related tables.

38. Active and Inactive Relationship:

o Active Relationship: The relationship between tables that is used

in calculations and filters by default. o Inactive Relationship: A
relationship that exists but is not used by default; can be
activated in specific DAX functions using the USERELATIONSHIP
function.
39. Bookmarks in Power BI: Bookmarks capture the current state of a
report page, including filters and slicers, so you can return to that
state later. They can be used for creating interactive reports,
presentations, or navigating between different views of a report.
40. Difference Between Report and Dashboard in Power BI:

o Report: A collection of multiple pages of visuals (charts, tables,

etc.) that display data insights.
o Dashboard: A single-page, consolidated view that aggregates
visuals from multiple reports or datasets. It provides a high-level
summary.
41. Tooltip and Custom Tooltip Feature in Power BI:

o Tooltip: Provides additional information when hovering over a

visual element.
It helps users understand data points more clearly. o
Custom Tooltip: Allows you to create a separate report page
as a tooltip, offering detailed information tailored to specific visual
elements.
42. Drill-Down and Drill-Through in Power BI:

o Drill-Down: Allows users to explore data at different levels of

detail within a single visual (e.g., clicking on a year to see
monthly data).
o Drill-Through: Navigates to a different report page based on a
selected data point, often providing detailed context about that
selection.
 o
43. Conditional Formatting in Power BI: Conditional Formatting allows
you to change the appearance of visuals (e.g., colors, font size) based
on data values, helping to highlight key insights and trends.

44. Types of Filters in Power BI:

o Visual Level Filters: Apply to a single visual. o Page Level Filters:

Apply to all visuals on a specific report page. o Report Level
Filters: Apply to all pages within the report.
Slicers: Interactive filters that allow users to select criteria
directly on the report.
45. Ways to Filter Reports in Power BI:

o Using filters (Visual Level, Page Level, Report Level). o Using

slicers. o Applying top N filters. o Creating drill-downs
and drill-throughs.
o Utilizing query parameters.
46. Types of Visuals Used: The types of visuals can vary widely but may
include:

o Bar charts o Line charts o Pie charts o Tables o Matrix o

Maps o Cards o KPIs o Scatter plots o Slicers
47. Challenges Faced in Projects: Challenges might include:

o Data quality issues (missing values, inconsistencies). o

Performance issues with large datasets. o Complex data

transformations and calculations. o Ensuring accurate data
modeling and relationships.
o User requirements and scope changes.
48. Use of Slicer Visual in Power BI: A slicer visual allows users to filter
data interactively by selecting values from a list, dropdown, or other
control options. It helps in focusing on specific subsets of data within
reports.

49. (Repeated) Types of Visuals Used: This question was answered

earlier in point 16.

50. (Repeated) Challenges Faced: This question was answered earlier in

point 17.
 o
51. Use of Slicer Visual: This question was answered earlier in point 18.

52. What Is DAX and Types of DAX Functions Used:

o DAX (Data Analysis Expressions): A formula language used in

Power BI for creating custom calculations.
Types of DAX Functions:
▪ Aggregation functions (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE)
▪ Logical functions (e.g., IF, SWITCH)
▪ Date functions (e.g., DATEADD, DAYS)
▪ Filter functions (e.g., CALCULATE, FILTER)
▪ Time Intelligence functions (e.g., TOTALYTD,
SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR)
53. Most Commonly Used DAX Functions: Commonly used DAX
functions might include:

o SUM o CALCULATE o FILTER o IF o RELATED o YEAR o MONTH o

DATEADD
54. Create New Measure for Previous Month’s Order:

DAX

Copy code

PreviousMonthOrders =

CALCULATE(

SUM(Orders[OrderAmount]),

PREVIOUSMONTH(Orders[OrderDate])

55. Create New Measure for Previous Month’s Return:

DAX

Copy code

PreviousMonthReturns =

CALCULATE(

SUM(Returns[ReturnAmount]),

PREVIOUSMONTH(Returns[ReturnDate])
 )

56. Create New Measure for Previous Month’s Revenue:

DAX

Copy code

PreviousMonthRevenue =

CALCULATE(

SUM(Sales[Revenue]),

PREVIOUSMONTH(Sales[SaleDate])

57. Difference Between COUNT and COUNTA Functions:

COUNT: Counts only numeric values or dates.

o
o COUNTA: Counts all non-empty values, including text, numbers,
and errors.
58. Difference Between SUM and SUMX Functions:

SUM: Adds up the values in a column directly.

o
o SUMX: Performs row-by-row calculations and then sums the
results (e.g., SUMX(Table, Table[Column1] * Table[Column2])).
59. Difference Between a Calculated Column and a Measure:

Calculated Column: A column added to a table where the value

o
is calculated row by row. It becomes part of the table.
o Measure: A calculation used in aggregations or filtering,
calculated based on the context of the data in visuals.
60. What is SDLC?

SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle): A structured approach

o
to software development that includes phases such as planning,
analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and
maintenance.
61. **What

You said:
31. What is SDLC? 32. What is Agile Methodology? 33. What is Power Bi?
34. What is Business Intelligence? 35. Difference Between Descriptive
Analysis & Predictive Analysis?
ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT
Sure, let's go through each of these concepts:

31. What is SDLC?

• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle): A systematic process for

planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. It
includes various phases: o Planning: Defining the project scope,
resources, and timeline. o Analysis: Gathering and analyzing
requirements. o Design: Creating detailed design specifications. o

Development: Coding and building the system. o Testing:

Verifying that the system meets requirements and is free of defects.
o Deployment: Implementing the system in the production
environment. o Maintenance: Performing updates and fixes post-
deployment.

32. What is Agile Methodology?

• Agile Methodology: An iterative and incremental approach to software

development that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer
satisfaction. Key principles include: o Delivering small, functional
pieces of software frequently. o
Adapting to changes even late in the development
process. o Close collaboration between development
teams and stakeholders. o Continuous feedback and
improvement.
• Common frameworks within Agile include Scrum, Kanban, and
Extreme Programming (XP).

33. What is Power BI?

• Power BI: A business analytics service provided by Microsoft that

enables users to visualize data, share insights, and make data-driven
decisions. It includes:
o Power BI Desktop: A Windows application for building reports
and data models. o Power BI Service: An online service for
 sharing and collaborating on reports and dashboards. o Power BI
Mobile: Apps for viewing reports and dashboards on mobile
devices. o Power BI Report Server: An on-premises report server
for hosting Power BI reports, paginated reports, and other data
visualizations.
34. What is Business Intelligence?

• Business Intelligence (BI): A technology-driven process for analyzing

data and presenting actionable information to help executives,
managers, and other corporate end users make informed business
decisions. BI encompasses:
o Data Collection: Gathering data from various sources. o Data
Storage: Storing data in data warehouses or data lakes. o Data
Analysis: Applying statistical, analytical, and visualization
techniques. o Reporting: Creating dashboards, reports, and
visualizations to convey insights. o Decision Making: Using
the insights to drive strategic and operational decisions.

35. Difference Between Descriptive Analysis & Predictive Analysis:

• Descriptive Analysis:
o Focuses on summarizing historical data to understand what has
happened. o Uses techniques like data aggregation, reporting,
and visualization. o Examples include monthly sales reports, trend
analysis, and historical performance summaries.
• Predictive Analysis:
o Focuses on forecasting future outcomes based on historical data
and statistical models. o Uses techniques like regression
analysis, machine learning algorithms, and statistical modeling. o
Examples include sales forecasts, customer churn prediction,
and risk assessments.

• Q1. Difference Between OLAP and OLTP?

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing):
• Purpose: Designed for complex queries and data analysis. Used
for reporting, data mining, and decision support.
• Data Structure: Typically involves multidimensional databases
or data warehouses. Data is often denormalized to optimize read
operations and complex queries.
• Operations: Focuses on read-heavy operations like complex
aggregations, calculations, and querying large volumes of data.
• Examples include summing sales figures, analyzing trends over
time, and creating complex reports.
• Performance: Optimized for query speed and efficient handling
of large datasets. Performance is measured by how quickly it
can return analytical results and handle complex queries.
• Examples: Business Intelligence (BI) tools such as Microsoft
Power BI, Tableau. Data warehousing solutions like Amazon
Redshift, Google BigQuery.

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing):

• Purpose: Designed for managing day-to-day transactional
operations.Used for processing and recording real-time
transactions.
• Data Structure: Typically uses normalized relational databases
to ensure data integrity and reduce redundancy.Data is
organized in a way that supports efficient updates and
transactions.
• Operations: Focuses on short, frequent transactions including
inserts, updates, and deletes.
• Examples include processing bank transactions, order entries,
and customer updates.
• Performance: Optimized for quick read and write operations to
handle a large number of transactions
simultaneously.Performance is measured by transaction
throughput and system reliability.
• Examples: Banking systems, e-commerce platforms, and CRM
systems.
•

• Q2. Joins and Types of Joins.

• Joins are SQL operations used to combine data from two or more
tables based on a related column. They are crucial for retrieving
related information stored in different tables.
• Types of Joins:
• Inner Join: Returns only the rows where there is a match in
both tables.
• Usage: When you need data that is present in both tables.
• Example:
• SELECT employees.name, departments.dept_name FROM
employees
INNER JOIN departments ON employees.dept_id =
departments.dept_id;

• Left Join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched
rows from the right table. If no match, NULLs are returned for
the right table’s columns.
• Usage: When you want all records from the left table and only
the matching records from the right table.
• Example:
• SELECT employees.name, departments.dept_name FROM
employees LEFT JOIN departments ON employees.dept_id =
departments.dept_id;

• Right Join: Returns all rows from the right table and the
matched rows from the left table. If no match, NULLs are
returned for the left table’s columns.
• Usage: When you want all records from the right table and only
the matching records from the left table.

• Example:
• SELECT employees.name, departments.dept_name FROM
employees
RIGHT JOIN departments ON employees.dept_id =
departments.dept_id;

• Full Outer Join: Returns all rows when there is a match in

either of the tables. If no match, NULLs are returned for the
columns from the table where there is no match.
• Usage: When you need all records from both tables, with NULLs
where there are no matches.
• Example: SELECT employees.name, departments.dept_name
FROM employees FULL OUTER JOIN departments ON
employees.dept_id = departments.dept_id;