OL ASsioNMES” oe LINEAR AIMEBRA MN Mn 221 1D APPLICATIONS (OURSE (OE ! tuutations tet v be the veutor space Of aut juncions @! RK ute K is ht yield OF and deine the diferent a operator po: VoV 3% (4a) 2100) ¥ OW) eR - ar rind ine morrix Of pin each of Me yolowin o) B aia, 2 b) By = ie aes es by matty of 0, mm BOs B= {413x202 erg oentinte buch BOS puncte sieps sil Dla): 0 13x) 3 0 (rex) =2et due) = le aXe typresving each derivate in tems Of 8) = Of+) roland 4p (2e4) 3 tet) 3 a) 4 9180 rpeet) + oe!) yp = 014) ¥ 0131) set) pte!) eure 2 0t4) ¥ ob (100) yet)qyjereel i question 0 é m_Nvanging she toimas! da: | 0 1A aod wale gm ganas o ot Vin ie po 03 3 ir of O ih eons By. {e “alg ate = (ean, He oer a’ agi 1 BE panied O(edyy . re ; a = -4ex8% nee a ee a a). eh yet : (Pe3D ty =x ede - 3x? p-3e 1: ful rest i sing jhe derivatives in vums of 8 = 39-3 ; i = -3(e3!) + olvet4) yp ret) _ayege = ek) FO) ted!) Hp aten. Asso care) 7 edt 4 meat grea 2 g(e9) + atuedh) + 0 r % DB = ete! ) 28 p 0-3SSS ee stad) Qurstionsoa_ Prove Mat per rae abel) fs 0 jidd una, qaaition and muinipifeatfon Of ordened pain delined a6 ayo) # Crd) = (arc, bed) (ab): Cord) tot-bd ,perod) ¥ (Oib) -66d) ee in and multiplication pmiwel2 — “osure Unde Additio care, bid) fae), C604) © Pe’ a sheid product |s muliipii.anion tab), cord) MK (ac-bd, berad) (arb) (c,d) = at-bd ER ond be yod EIR, Assoctaivity 9h Addition ang Multipweation ase whe ab, c,d eK y= [taro te, (bra) + nition, sinte the product is tn Tk [ (0b) + ted} ret) = (ore, bed) + (e,f Similary [tmp $ [ecrd) + Ce F) [ Core) #0, tdi) +d) J =f t0.b) 4 rf€cre), 146) Tcrsera , dtfrb) since caldition in Tk fs = [ ertcra) , tba) +f) apecaltee Mutliptitation Higby. Cont) ]- Cert) = | tacbdy, (bermet)). Cet | Ieoepd)e - (bcrad)s ,(bcvnd) e #Cac bd) —¢_Euistence of acitive inverse we need 10 shot , (olee-df) bede seg), dlce- apse tae of) in © Munipticairon in me {5 ayocvativily, is , an % Expression @and @ one same f 5 tt te of Additive ona muniptitatiye entity comin a y Additive somnity The clement (0,0) sauis{'es ‘7 toby 1 0,0) - CorD,b40) = Carb) “att” Hy, (0,0) Is additive Identity Al ~ Multipircative Sdemtiny = The element (4.0) sovistfe un I el cceg rnultiol™ ta,b). (1,0) = (ds-b-0,bd140-0) = (0b) ginte Se (1,0) 1S munifpiieative tdenvity gyeyribunive PODS Por earch Corb) , iH addittve Inwerse 1S C-O,-h) bemye tayb) + C-n,-b) = (a-t, b-b) = C0/d) (orb). Lee a bol: ane Pristence of Multipiicative snverse Expand no Poy a non-zeuo element {0,b) , we neecl an element (ry) Oy quch shot yy (tb). OLY) = (0) Ye \ ary ie- fx ae (Ox-by , xtay) = (1,0) OxX-by bx F aypiving joy wand y wes 0; 01d 70 (vince (0b) 7 C0,0) )J vo b — Viens aif evasion (ny) Is muttipliative nV of, (arb) adaitfon and paulel pli align tommutativity 2 padition tab) 00d) = tore, bt a) = ( tra, dib Sie Ce,d J+ (ab) (ac-bd, bceiad) = Coo- tb, dat ch) aatve, we get we pauttfpicautfon (a,b) ccd) cod). (a,b) Since muleipitato” in 1 IS (ommut d -ca and Oistvibuiive Property — we need to show that (o/b). | Cod) leg) ) = = (accre) - bt arf), pccre) + atdtf)) (a,b) - (cre, dit) (a,b). (cre, dyf ) _ Expanding the Ares wsihg © distributive proputia 'n IR te¢) 2f (ocdd, berad).+ (ab), ted) + Cab) Coe-pp , beraf) Y Ta (ocroe-bd-bf ,berbe Fadraf) . (acere) bidef), bCcre) + a (clef).s wu Sting ov sy dened ont sl Of ol veo valued continous junction 6, Mh Whol § (245) = F jor space OA TK Cy yi Under agg 3) 25. Show inal V fs nova vel ty (659 ae the dition and mulnipiicaifon deyined ~~ Gig rw rgad ¥ al (wp) (1) = KF) yaoem tE¥ wy Fist i , a Of GUL check foy Closure unde Additfon Bi my no nie W sum Is defined fore we " (44g) 00) = pons ga, ¥ re 10a) Dw, if wy s }We conwider volue oj the wm at 1 = 2/3 Sing G19) (23) > $25) +9(43) t {Gnd y both belongs to ¥ mm UH) 25) ES (sie eD. But seqapunive © 4 (frg) 10 belong to Y , must soristy (149) (25) Eas se whith '¢ mot tyue - SiMfe sel Of Vectors in V farts in this Propany so if t5 not vector space over TX a Cees Questions Usk v= (0.0) and wt uy ev) BER Define x¥y = my Und XX = ze Prove Mor V1s @ vector SpOle ov Nnawer 1) (osuye und ti addition Ong Scolar rytiipireation Given ¥.4 € C00? thety sum under the deyined addition is Ways sin which fs ao in (0,00) . Hente addivion Ss closed . @ vi Sivan Xe (0,o) and CER, , te swlor myttipniarian OY at isalso in (0,0). Hente seatox tultiplicatfon is dosed - aRegortarivily of salar Multipliiatfon por all XB eR ondx eV (KB)xX = ab x (px) = ox) 2 CA)M Sora Exisiente of Multipsicative Adentity We need EO show shat iheve exist RISLE yeR such ihat Using the given simlox munfplicauon Rule qa cy'et Thus, 1 aurs os ine multiplitattye fdentiiy - poy MB ER andy eV, we need 49 cheek © @ {oye oistvidurive Property Caapya = YOrP? yatpy se uxt? xXx 2 XB Sine both expression One equat , the left aistribubsve propelly holds ® Right Oistvivutive/ ’ oy xy ye = WI yi? 0 exist Since muttiitaiyon in, a fs ommutaitye, adétiion In Vis wet Obs commutaliye gyi ist er a ~ e Asiottativity of nadition HOS yew Por au Wy, ZV 5 ie yen 4 cyte 2 xy = Ye = X(YX) = LF (yy, yew ui Thus, anaitfon is associalve ; Prisience vf adaisive sclentity qo os we need an element e€V such that for atl x EV sf wy ew Are =X min SE OUI Yee (Accor ding 10 DEHN H mm 7 Ze Za sutistied if @ =!) gince Abe wil and 1€ (0,o) .on :! additive identity exist ww We Existence Of Additive dnverse 4 a Poy eath XEV , we need an clement x'eV such thot notion6 itt \ — Net! = 0:4 ‘ane at and mel 1 gd 0) b= { ee b) ded ud Bb - yi 0 u jay Solving or x" ' 9 {or 2°, we get Ws whith {6 in (pov). HW, om Clement hs an additre dnvenweer fon of MO eudspaLES fod SUdspaLe II} ONE O} them qutstions Prove nat the vl al fea aubstt 0) he Other. pully oe ee and Wi of VOW) moe exish XEN, St XW - @ pnd yeh , St YEN Q 1 EWVWe y € WiUW> yen, > ye => wy € WwW, 2 Wye Wi0W2 Jo qrty EW) OY xy Wr df uty EW2 Then xty YEWr Teyr ey) LEW» which contyaditts ea” @ sy eh Then x+y, xeEW) Arye tel =) yew which contvaditrs eq” @ + two subspace 's a subspace noude fat union 0 Wich, (oY We en, w We (0) jf one is contained in oder te Nation Lek Vbea vector space in 3. Sxamine whether the following ane subspace oy not - 0) B= { (0b0) : 9805 DS eatorbyc meen «Os 42415 ©) By. { (abit) + O2b=¢50 Meck whetinos sy ihre Nes the given vectors, subspa we have to wor, © (onditions gir ety niente! MONS the zo in (0,0,0) wi 82 ? ys ) > toseq Vertoy > A subspace must conto > unseg a Adaition: 3) u,vew stnen wiv EW mas cao (a) % Scalar Multiplicaiions Yj weW and acer , th wen ¢ Bie mn ay she : ' = { (b,c) | 203 ty 7 aay iS viol 200 Vector « 7 ou? = eae + The zevo vecioy (00,0) sutistits =040 % 8 e js 0% ast 2 | Xe vector ” On isu unas ation ee ke ta, b,,c)), Carbs, Ce) € 8 meaning % <0 md Gey oso VEO : as 0:¢0 ond @<) con “ so en i402 £0 7 qunse ne be Hence 8) is dosed unda Adattion a: co.) | 3 \ gu | osu unde Sas mutipaton a 3 (ibic) €B, ana Ay then 0040 ; Bul ita 1 ' giant ww £0 then az’, mebining Bs 18 Mdt Closed unde qaaition scala multipiicairon ’ gist UNG () Br = flOybyc) Lore er j- ¢ ua exd Vector : Me zevo vector (0,0,0) sutisyfy 02+024 0? = 041 | f Bp cpntouiny zero vector. ( tose nds fattton eg ( a - iS B seatas 0 (onsiier (1.0,0) and (0,10), bow in By vinte #+0'+0? = | Gnd prPtorst. 8 ey > 2 . Pameeie (2,0) then sim and 1°43 ae 2¢ % Br Is not Closed unde qddition .ea uneh Mulipliatfon bac) Sanis{res ye 44 coibye) C82! then for any a (0A (aayes (ab)? (A0% = a7 1ar4b?4 0) yat dt, Men ah (rrr 4 2) 21 -meoning the congii/on ul a} ivi? 2) 3S violated - tosed Under scolar mult (plication pp is nol a y BF { (ob) | @2b= C4 aovo vettor : The 2ev0 vector (0/00) sUsistie qcb=c, 50 83 contains ihe xevo vector > tiosed unde. Addition yp (a0,0) ond (bb, b) be Fwo cements in 83 sheiy sum 1s (9,0) + (bybsb) . tar, arb, 1b) gince au thvee tomponens We equal , B3 is closed under addition - Et } qiosed_ uncle. Sato, Mutripireation ‘too.a) €83 ‘end A (0,0,0 roy any 0 TR is cao,aa,44) gine au fhvee tomponents 7emoun equat, B3!8 dosed unde Scout muttfpication B3 sauisty au three subspace propettesipnaitior l Que, Sion z = ORing it the Vineaty independent subset A of Ine set B nor yd ge) in no VOR) » Wher vhere A: (12-1), bz (376391 oF (213) anda whit _ hich Spans te same space asB e ADSWe 7 re otc ame axe , 12,4) b= (3-63) C2 (23) a (84,7) " yas _ OY Mi “ , meaning eve vettoy In Vn lIK) can be unitten O80 tinea combination of ine w -Li Leo, Sdtpendence oO H soy O} vetteys YWov)..- vos is ip the ¢quairen rp oe et Ce; 1 cert 4 (nen =0 i Be ne No only the twivial 0) f= 0 = =th=0 yt! % 4.0 .,0) 4 C2 l0S,.. 0) 7 cn (00 Sem Geted CC lr, , CN) =, (0,0 ,9 a 7? Mus, the Onty solution is C=C, =», , = (M=0 . PYOUEng 4, 4 act Ste B is IT ! i Spanning Vn tir) show that 8 spans ynttR)°,we must show Mak AMY VECEDY th Vyipe, tan be wiftken os 0 linea: ,combinanoh of ihe vectors in & ‘Tike Ony cubityany vector in Vali ) emliy oe iN) Welemierpree V> (Vive Vas ; ginte gat © = V= Vie) tVote+ -- - +V¥nen gpa \ expanding pte ustiien NI VW 0H0,-.,0) $V ll. .0%. - - , Votes, | oe Raoult tn (ViV2,...5¥n) whith is exactly) V. Since every vector fn VotTR ) can be wr'ttenin | this form, B spam YntR) | Toi LL ‘ ) \Fro that a eee ee tO TULL a mA mee hat eae re yy (@) ISO find ihe co-orainme wf (140,09 wat Inisbans . tneck {ov Ineo de (ta) xt Cie peoty (1-0 ee We WW CeeentZn 2 te (1H) eae = Neate Cy = a fel -({ vlieee toes AU Ci tie Ree fa) ni MP eae fein ae wi” uw and We be ihe subspace Of GUE vettors (0,0;b) jor ai real «i rind 0 OUSIS Gnd dimension of (() Ws (Hi) Ww, fi) Wit Wa a Wt Fie dimension Of WNW . ; ats" Wi I$ Generated by the given vectors yee CHD) Wy 2(20I) Vas (84-1) pet by foIMing a matria whose vows tre Hose vero1s tk i 2 tt Sign Onde Bio Rots p, Bs > hath 201 02 3/2 043 Ry > Ra -2R2 201, fa its) 000 there Bue two non-zero YOwS, ine yank ts 2, meaning the : n- xe1o yows “foun q,bairs for W> { (aut), 10,2,3/2)1 it yoo (0 qs. the dimenn'on Of Wo» Is 2find q Boss ang Dimension vp Ws The Subspace wy, consists vf All vectors of Me form (0,0/b) = O(10,0) 4b (0.00) Cearty ibe See ' { C010) £00175 - Span wW> ane these two vector. one Independent the dimension oh Wis 2 Find @ Basis and dimension of Wit W2 The sum oj two subspaces, witW2 tonsists of QU dined, Ombinabin OJ the bav's vectors of w, and We 1020,1), tonah, (10,02, (0,0)1)} we check tor Vneos dependence by forming the matrix 8- 20 1 0 92:0 0 it pai 13,0 J feos B. [i303 Dono Dames ~~ B3 > R3-28 nis) 0 1 oe 00 ese | - 2: wie three 0 lt Non -Zeyp eis Yows, ine yank Is 3, meaning the yp SIMEDKTOD OF Wty ™ a bosis for Wi 1 2 1s3 dim (Wit ; : Wa) = dim (wy) 1 aimt he) sim (082? Substiluiing Value 3. giz aim ON | nw? dim (Ww DW) 2 hyioni2 Fil ae an the cidered bovis of V4 vlalve % which ine elt? (13/21) us the d-ordinate 4,3,-20ndF- ys WE ce given Aha Ane vee? yo Gha2) es coovainor t4ypie2iF). velative ty SOM? unknown ordeal pairs {brbsvba- br of V4 ye 4b) 112 _ 1b, 4 1b4 wifitng the unknown bans by; fi wte hte ee CR EO b3- tayo 924) be « dt (82)? ‘aby bn 203474 AN AY) -22) + FW =-/ 4Xy tYr- ta piu = 3 AXy + Ya - Rtg FW? =? 414 bya - 224 4404 =3Since ton 4 "MNS Vvewtoy “fe weighted by thi ffecrene: gy tee ene ‘ pointy) ah Mey the aye” 01 a Be (-2b.0,0) (3,0,0,0) » (1.0; 0,0 a asp ny ; ‘Ni Westin 15 4S a ane pb ea Soe er ; wy Cea NT quarto 2% 91 Yoboit grows acording to the following ein goin xopuli"4 D. Ue ont Pe oy yne whore py 5 Poy = 12Pn +100 press | Cpresent th ‘ thi - & Population ofthe nth yeor ,o 5 ine Init population Vetou tin St ) Find the yous wroreste 6) s0estamy Generat solution 0} the aijmente equation Onn Ine ie population ajta 1 years (Pro) MOWYze the long-term behaviow of the population wn->0 8 . | voge Woe WSS acing” - oss as D , pn WW} agin is. SUNNY MDSwei8 Five jhe Homogeneous equation gn Pnts - 1:2Ph = 0 pout) yanion ae ae + dale \ o) wy 5 We The solution 10 this of form \ ppl =e1-2)” 1 gr py te \ tae Fingting Poutvattas solution \ We To find pastiewtar solution, we Hy o Constoet solution of Ihe for¥n A a, the popuiatfon q4ow $ indepinitety Poo ® \ \ bad 33 | i Aabbi population will grow exponent! Olty without bounay cisvibution m= (i . . ma Many “une fon ya ty WP = ft Pash et (1, Tre) [08 02.) " ' ‘ a a 4 ee el c hee \ Ts (0-9) + We Co-4) 2 Ms Ns to-2) + We 0-6) oe cinge both e cits: gencing guaten bs 0-GmS +0-417R = Ts 0.3 ITs +o-4ire 1829 Bo re 0-4 We a Te B 27h The probabilltl & must cum +02 re+ MR =} ores me =* gme 23h TR = 113 p=) m= [747'5)‘ntupyetation Of Stationary Distributor Te stition ong alsrfburion tel ws the Wong 9 tM PIORMBITEE Of he weather being, Sunny os Kalhy 66-47. of the days will be tre = 2/, ; Inthe long wun , Sunny - Tr = $/g or dn the tong UP , 33°37 be Rainy pf the days will