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final exp 6

The document outlines an experiment on spectrum analysis of Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) using MATLAB. It details the theory behind AM and FM, their respective spectra, and the procedure for generating and analyzing these signals through MATLAB code. Applications of AM and FM in radio broadcasting, telecommunication, television transmission, and two-way radio systems are also discussed.

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final exp 6

The document outlines an experiment on spectrum analysis of Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) using MATLAB. It details the theory behind AM and FM, their respective spectra, and the procedure for generating and analyzing these signals through MATLAB code. Applications of AM and FM in radio broadcasting, telecommunication, television transmission, and two-way radio systems are also discussed.

Uploaded by

22eg104d51
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: P.

Tejashwi DATE:04-09-2024
ROLL No: PAGE No:
22EG104D45
EXP-6:Spectrum Analysis of AM & FM

Aim:
To generate spectrum of AM & FM using fourier transform in MATLAB.
Software required:
MATLAB R2023b
Hardware required:
Personal computer (or) desktop
Theory:

Spectrum Analysis of Amplitude Modulation (AM)

Amplitude Modulation (AM) involves varying the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier


wave in proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of a lower-frequency message signal. The
spectrum of an AM signal contains three key components: the carrier frequency, the upper
sideband (USB), and the lower sideband (LSB).

AM Spectrum: The AM signal spectrum consists of:

 A strong spike at the carrier frequency fc,


 Two sidebands at fc+fm (USB) and fc−fm (LSB).

The total bandwidth of an AM signal is given by 2fm, where fm is the highest frequency of
the message signal. This bandwidth includes both the upper and lower sidebands.

Spectrum Analysis of Frequency Modulation (FM)

Frequency Modulation (FM) involves varying the frequency of a carrier wave in


accordance with the amplitude of the message signal. Unlike AM, where the amplitude
varies, the amplitude of the FM signal remains constant while its frequency shifts.

FM Spectrum: The FM spectrum consists of:

 The carrier frequency fc,


 Multiple sidebands spaced at multiples of the modulating frequency fm
(e.g., fc±fm,fc±2fm).

The bandwidth of an FM signal can be estimated using Carson's Rule, which gives the total
bandwidth as: B=2(Δf+fm) Where Δf is the maximum frequency deviation, and fm is the
highest frequency of the message signal.

ANURAG UNIVERSITY ACS SOFTWARE LAB ECE DEPARTMENT


NAME: P.Tejashwi DATE:04-09-2024
ROLL No: PAGE No:
22EG104D45
Procedure:

 Clear the workspace using clc; clear all; close all. Define fm = 20 Hz, fc =
200 Hz, am = 1, and fs = 10*fc. Create the time vector t = 0:(1/fs):(6/fm)and
generate the message signal m = am * sin(2*pi*fm*t). Plot the message signal.
 Use modulateto perform AM modulation with y = modulate(m, fc, fs, 'am'), then
plot the AM modulated signal. Apply FFT to the AM signal using f = abs(fft(y)) and
plot the AM spectrum.
 For FM modulation, use fmmodwith g = fmmod(m, fc, fs, 70)(70 being
the frequency deviation). Plot the FM modulated signal, apply FFT using
f1 = abs(fft(g)), and plot the FM spectrum.

Source Code:
clc;
clear
all;
close
all;
fm=20;
fc=200;
am=1;
fs=10*fc;
t=0:(1/fs):(6/fm);
m=am*sin(2*pi*fm*t);
figure;
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,m);
xlabel("time");
ylabel("amplitude");
title("message signal");
y=modulate(m,fc,fs,'am');
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,y);
xlabel("time");
ylabel("amplitude")
title("am modulated
signal"); f=abs(fft(y));
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,f);
xlabel("frequency")
;
ylabel("magnitude")
; title("am
spectrum"); figure;
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,m);
xlabel("time");
ylabel("amplitude");
title("message signal")
g=fmmod(m,fc,fs,70);
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,g);
xlabel("time");
ylabel("amplitude")
title("fm modulated
signal"); f1=abs(fft(g));
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,f1);
xlabel("frequency")
;
ylabel("magnitude")
; title("fm
spectrum");

ANURAG UNIVERSITY ACS SOFTWARE LAB ECE DEPARTMENT


NAME: P.Tejashwi DATE:04-09-2024
ROLL No: PAGE No:
22EG104D45

ANURAG UNIVERSITY ACS SOFTWARE LAB ECE DEPARTMENT


NAME: P.Tejashwi DATE:04-09-2024
ROLL No: PAGE No:
22EG104D45
Applications:

 Radio Broadcasting: AM and FM are widely used in commercial radio broadcasting.


AM is used for long-range transmission, while FM provides higher sound quality and is
used for music and local radio stations.

 Telecommunication Systems: Both AM and FM are used in analog


telecommunication systems for transmitting voice, video, and data over long distances.

 Television Transmission: AM is used for the transmission of video signals, while FM


is used for transmitting audio in television broadcasting.

 Two-way Radio Systems: FM is commonly used in two-way radio systems, such


as walkie-talkies, for clear and interference-resistant communication.

Conclusion:
Hence, generated and analysed spectrum of AM & FM.

ANURAG UNIVERSITY ACS SOFTWARE LAB ECE DEPARTMENT

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