et Ft Set FEA colour todets PAU: boy t0. 12.19.16 Deevtie 1s te] ° A colour model is a specification of a 3D colour co-ordinate system and a visible ‘ulbset in the co-otdlinae system ieithin which all colours ine particular colour Tange He ‘Foe Gxample, ECB colsas: Wicd is'the\amit cube pact of the 3D cartesian co-ordinate system, * The colour mode! allows to Bive convenient specification of colours in the specific colour range or gamut. © There are three hardware oriented colour models : RGB, used for colour CRT monitors, YIQ used for the broadcast TV colour system and CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) used for some colour printing. devices ° However, these models are not easy to use because they does not relate directly to intuitive colour notions of hue, saturation and brightness. Therefore, another class ‘of colour model has been. developed. These include HSV, HLS and HVC models. RGB Colour Model * The red. green and blue (RGB) colour model used in colour CRT monitors aad colour raster graphics employ a cartesian co-ordinate system © In this model, the individual contribution of red, green and blue are added together to get the resultant colour. * We can represent this colour model with the unit cube defined ; on R, G and B axes, as shown in Fig 28 7 axes and the remaining vertices represe: complementary colour colours The main diagonal of the cube, — with equal amounts of each Ce) primary represents the gray levels. The end at the origin of the diagonal represents black (0,0, 0) and other end represents white (1.1.1).Each colour point within the bounds of the cube is (RG, B), where value for R, G, B are assigned in the r As mentioned earlier, it is an additwe model Tepresented as the ange from Oto 1, y Intensities of the primary colours °* are added to get the resultant °8 colour. Thus, the resultant colour or Cy, is expressed «in RGB component as, C, = RR+GG+ BB The RGB chromaticity co-ordinates for the CIE RGB colour model as" given as R(0.735,0.265), G (0274, 02 0717), B(0.167, 0.009). The Fig. os 282 shows the colour gamut for the CIE standard RGB primaries. 01842 03 04 05 08 oF ca x Fig. 2.8.2 Colour gamut for CIE standard RGB primaries 068 os os F287 via Colour Modet « The YIQ (luminance-inphase-quadrature) model is a recoding of RCB for colour television and is a very important model for colour image processing. This model was designed to separate chrominance from luminance. This was a requirement in the early days of color television when black-and-white sets still were expected to pick up and display what were originally color pictures The Y-channel contains luminance information (sufficient for black and-white television sets) while the f and Q channels (in-phase and in-quadrature) carried. the colour information. A colour television set would take these three channels, Y, Land Q and map the information back to R, G and B levels for display on a screen. fY] 0.299 O587 Olt fr T} = [0596 -0.275 -0.322))C ts) 0.212 =0523. 0312 }| B. © YIQ was formerly used in NISC (North America, Japan and elsewhere) television ‘broadcasts for historical reasons. This system stores a luminance value with Bwo sa corresponding apptoximately to the amounts of blue and red is cl to the YUV scheme used im PAL (Australia, ch uses SECAM) television except that the YIQ color——_—_—S-~—-:~—-—= + intensity, The model uses’ cping co-ordinate system andthe «1 of the space within which model 1s. Animation 2-59 tnstrecta Fie Formats 2nd Standords in Fig. 28.4 (b). This boundary of cube is used as a top of hexcone ‘and it represents various hues Hue or H, is measured by the angle around the vertical axis, with car naan red at 0", green at 120° and so on as shown an Fig. 284 (a). AGB color eude Complementary colours im the # HSV hexcone are 180° apart saturation parameter varies from Q-ta 1. lis value is the ratio ranging from 0 on the centre I triangular sides of the hexcone. a The value V varies from 0 at the apet of the hexcone to I at the top. ‘The apex represents black. wb At the top of the hexcone, colours have their maximum intensity: When ¥ ~ 1 and $= 1qge have the pure hues. For example. pure red is at Hi = V = 1 and $= 4, pure green is at H = 120, V = Land S= b pure blue is at H = 240, V = Land § «1 end so on. The required colour can be obtained by adding either white or black to the pure hue. Fig. 2.8.4 (b) Top of hexcone line (V axis) to 1 on the Black cgn be added to the selected hue by decreasing the setting for V wivle 3 is held constant. ‘On the other hand, yhite can be added to the selected hue by decreasing $ while keeping, V constant Te add some black and some white we have to decrease both V ahd S. The pomt S=0.and V = 1 we have white ve colour i ‘The intermediate values of V for 5-0 (on write Ee aaa the centre lune) are gray shades When $ = 0, the value of H is irrelevant a When § is not zero, H is relevant. At the apex V co-ordinate is 0. At this point, the values of H and $ are irrelevant.” Fig, 285. shows the cross sectional plane of the HSV hexcone, This plane represents ™™* = the rolour concepts associated with the Fig 285 Cross sectional plane of the —_