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UPSC Geography Opt Syllabus

The document outlines key topics in Measurement and Instrumentation, Power Systems, Power System Protection, and Digital Communication, covering various measurement techniques, system analysis, and protection principles. It also details principles of Geography, including Physical Geography, Human Geography, and Geography of India, addressing geomorphology, climatology, economic geography, and regional planning. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of environmental issues and sustainable development in both geographical and economic contexts.

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Himanshu Kesarwani
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31 views3 pages

UPSC Geography Opt Syllabus

The document outlines key topics in Measurement and Instrumentation, Power Systems, Power System Protection, and Digital Communication, covering various measurement techniques, system analysis, and protection principles. It also details principles of Geography, including Physical Geography, Human Geography, and Geography of India, addressing geomorphology, climatology, economic geography, and regional planning. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of environmental issues and sustainable development in both geographical and economic contexts.

Uploaded by

Himanshu Kesarwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3. Measurement and Instrumentation :


Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance,
inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic
measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-
analyser, distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric
crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control :
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and
reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices;
load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components,
analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system stability : swing curves and equal
area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.
5. Power System Protection :
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit
brakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric
relays and application of DSP to protection.
6. Digital Communication :
Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM),
Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK,
PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolation codes.
Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

GEOGRAPHY
PAPER I
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography :
1. GEOMORPHOLOGY : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic
forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of
the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain
building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape
development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied
Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic geology and environment.
2. Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric
circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams;
Air masses and fronto; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather
and Climate; Koppen’s Thornthwaite’s and Trewar Tha’s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle;
Global climatic change, and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban
climate.
3. Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and
salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine
resources; biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the
sea and marine pollution.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
63

4. Biogeography : Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion,
Degrada-tion and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of
deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres.
5. Environmental Geography : Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on
ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their
management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity
and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures;
Environmental education and legislation.
Human Geography :
1. Perspectives in Human Geography : Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and
dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human
and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human
development indix.
2. Economic Geography : World economic development: measurement and problems; World
resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of
agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food security;
famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: location patterns and problems; Patterns of world
trade.
3. Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and distribution of world population;
Demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; Concepts of over-under-and
optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and
quality of life; Population as social capital.
Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of
urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional
classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and
remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
4. regional Planning : Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth
centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies; Environmental issues in
regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : System analysis in Human geography;
Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;
Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location;
Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries
and frontiers.
PAPER II
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
1. Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; Structure and relief;
Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall
patterns; Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural
vegetation, Soil types and their distributions.
2. Resources : Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources,
Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
64

3. Agriculture : Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land


holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity,
crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and
ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua-
culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro-
ecological regions.
4. Industry : Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel,
aluminium, fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and ago-based industries;
Industrial houses and complexes including public sector underkings; Industrial regionalisation; New
industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including
ecotourism.
5. Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline net works
and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and
foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy;Export processing zones; Developments in communication and
information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme.
6. Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic diversities;
religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural regions; Growth, distribution
and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force,
dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, interaregional and international) and associated
problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.
7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments;
Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan
regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Town planning; Problems of urbanisation and
remedies.
8. Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans;
Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area
development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal
area development; Multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories.
9. Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of
new states; Regional consciousness and inter-state issues; International boundary of India and related
issues; Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean
realm.
10. Contemporary Issues : Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes,
Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues related to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns
of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population
explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion;
Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of
sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and
Indian economy.

NOTE : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects
covered by this paper.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.

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