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Discrete Structure 3

The document discusses logical equivalences and biconditional statements in discrete structures. It provides examples of simplifying logical expressions and proving tautologies. Additionally, it distinguishes between conditional and biconditional statements with examples.

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anour1042
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1 views

Discrete Structure 3

The document discusses logical equivalences and biconditional statements in discrete structures. It provides examples of simplifying logical expressions and proving tautologies. Additionally, it distinguishes between conditional and biconditional statements with examples.

Uploaded by

anour1042
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discrete

Structure
Eng. Asmaa Ossama
Main points
◈ Logical Equivalences
◈ Logical Equivalences Involving Biconditional Statements
Logical Equivalences
◈

Simplify: (p v F) ^ (q v T)
p ^ (q v T) ... Identity
p ^ T … Domination
p … Identity
Logical Equivalences (cont.)

◈
Logical Equivalences(cont.)

◈
Logical Equivalences (cont.)
◈
Logical Equivalences Involving
Biconditional Statements:
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
(~p v q) ^ ( p ^ (p ^ q) equivalent to ( p ^ q )
(~p v q) ^ ( p ^ p) ^ q … Associative
(~p v q) ^ (p ^ q) … Distribution
(p ^ q ^ ~p ) v (p ^ q ^ q) = (p ^ q) … Double Negation
(q ^ F ) v ( p ^ q ) … Domination
F v ( p ^ q ) … Identity
(p ^q)
Example 4
Prove that: (P v q) (q q) is a tautology
~ (p v q) v (q q) … def
~ ( p v q ) v ( ~q v q ) … def
~ ( p v q ) v T … Domination
T
Example 5
Prove that (p🡪🡪q) is equivalent to (p ^ q) ^ (~p ^ ~q)
P q
(p q) ^ (q p) … def
(~p v q ) ^ (~q v p) … def
[ (~q v p) ^ ~p ] ^ [ (~q v p) ^ q ] … Distribution
[ (~p ^ ~q) v (~p ^ p) ] ^ [ (q ^ ~q) v (q ^ p) ] … Distribution
[(~p ^ ~q) v F ] ^ [ F v (q ^ p) ] … Contradiction
(~p ^ ~q) ^ (q ^ p) … Identity
(p^ q) ^ (~p ^ ~q) … Associative
Conditional Statement p🡪q

◈
Example – which of the following is Biconditional
Statement
◈ If you live in LA, then you live in California
Converse: q p << If you live in California , then you live in LA>> F
Therefore, it’s not Biconditional statement
Inverse: ~p ~q <<if you don’t live in LA then you don’t live in California>> F
Therefore, it’s not Biconditional statement
Contrapositive: ~q ~p <<if you don’t live in California, then you don’t live in
LA>> T
Therefore, it’s Biconditional statement and always same value as conditional statement

Solve: If I’m Hungry, then I’ll eat Pizza


Sheet 1
Questions
?

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