Linux Booting Process 1741417781
Linux Booting Process 1741417781
Booting Process
1.BIOS
2.MBR
3.Grub
4.Kernel
5.init
6.runlevel
--> This is the first sector of the bootable disk. typically located in /dev/sda, /dev/vda
--> This is max of 512 Bytes of the Disk
--> If you have multiple kernel images installed in your system you can choose which one
To be executed.
--> Grub displays the splash screen, wait for few seconds, if don't enter anything
loads default.
--> Grub has knowledge on filesystem,
--> Configuration file /boot/grub/grub.conf or /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg -→ Rhel 7
--> Once grub is loaded execute the kernel.
4. Kernel
5. Init
6. Runlevels
--> when linux is booting up will see various services are getting started.
--> Default init runlevel value 0
/etc/rc.d/rc1.d
#cat /etc/grub.conf or
#cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
or
cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg > Rhel 7
#uname -a > Server arch mode
Basic Questions
1. What is the first process that runs after the kernel is loaded?
o RHEL 6: init (SysVinit)
o RHEL 7: systemd
grub2-install /dev/sdX
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
[root@localhost grub2]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server"
VERSION="7.9 (Maipo)"
ID="rhel"
ID_LIKE="fedora"
VARIANT="Server"
VARIANT_ID="server"
VERSION_ID="7.9"
Going to the single user mode and reset the root password
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15. What is Secure Boot, and how does it affect Linux booting?
• Secure Boot:
o A UEFI feature that prevents unsigned or untrusted OS/kernel
from booting.
o Linux distributions like Ubuntu and Fedora support Secure Boot
through signed bootloaders.
16. How do you configure a dual-boot system with Linux and Windows?
1. Install Windows first (if not already installed).
2. Install Linux, ensuring GRUB is installed in the correct location.
3. GRUB will detect Windows and add it to the boot menu.
4. Update GRUB configuration after installation:
#sudo update-grub