JIMMA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGOY
FACUALTY OFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATICS
DEPARTEMNT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOY

Network Design Assignment

Group Members ID
1 Biruk Moges Ru 0063/12
2 ashenafi kifle Ru 2271/12
3 dagmawi mulutseha Ru 0070/12
4 Dawit senaber Ru 1721/12
5 endris asefa Ru 1007/12
6 Tsega tadesse Ru0262/12
7 tsegaye tadesse Ru 1943/12

Submitted to Mr. . Temesgen D

Submission Date: 27/6/2023
Q1. Discuss about Enterprise Campus Design.

In today's interconnected business world, an efficient and reliable network is essential

for any enterprise to thrive. The design and implementation of an enterprise campus
network architecture is critical for ensuring that a business can effectively meet the
needs of its employees, customers, and partners. In this article, we will discuss the
principles behind enterprise campus design and how it can benefit an enterprise.

Campus networking refers to the networking infrastructure that connects all the
buildings on a corporate or educational campus or urban network. It is primarily
concerned with the design and implementation of LAN (Local Area Network)
infrastructure and its connectivity to WAN (Wide Area Network) and cloud-based
services. The enterprise campus design comprises the network topology, protocols,
security layers, redundancy, and the various components that make up a campus
network.
The campus, as a part of the enterprise network, is generally understood as that
portion of the computing infrastructure that provides access to network
communication services and resources to end users and devices spread over a single
geographic location. It might span a single floor, a building, or even a large group of
buildings spread over an extended geographic area. Some networks have a single
campus that also acts as the core or backbone of the network and provides inter
connectivity between other portions of the overall network. The campus core can
often interconnect the campus access, the data center, and WAN portions of the
network. In the largest enterprises, there might be multiple campus sites distributed
worldwide with each providing both end-user access and local backbone connectivity.

The architecture of an enterprise campus network must be designed with future

scalability, reliability, availability, and security in mind. The network design should
also provide a level of flexibility that enables it to support future technological
advancements and business growth.
Q2. How to design the campus network?
Designing a campus network can be a complex process due to the large size of the
network and the diverse range of devices and applications that need to be supported.
However, with careful planning and attention to detail, it is possible to create a
network that is reliable, secure, and scalable.
Before starting the design process, it's important to assess the organization's current
network infrastructure. This includes identifying the network topology, bandwidth
usage, security policies, and user requirements.
Once the assessment is complete, it's time to start designing the network. The
following steps can help in the process:

Step 1: Identify Network Requirements and Goals

Before starting the design process, it is essential to identify the network's
requirements and goals. This consists of conducting a thorough analysis of the
organization's network-related challenges, assessing future growth plans, evaluating
current resources, and aligning them with business objectives. Key factors such as
bandwidth, security, redundancy, and scalability should be taken into account.

Step 2: Choose Network Topology

The next step is to select the network topology that best suits the organization's needs.
Network topology refers to the way in which devices and endpoints are connected on
the network. The choice of topology will depend on factors such as the size of the
organization, network traffic, and the criticality of applications.
Some common network topologies include a star, mesh, bus, ring, or hybrid. A star
topology, for example, features a central switch or router that connects to all other
network devices through cables. The mesh topology, on the other hand, has each
device connected to every other device in a point-to-point link.

Step 3: Select Network Infrastructure Devices

Once the network topology has been selected, the next step is to identify the devices
required to support it.
These devices include core switches, edge switches, routers, firewalls, wireless
access points, and load balancers.
It is recommended to choose devices that are scalable, compatible with network-based
applications and services, and meet the performance requirements of the network.
Devices should also be configured for redundancy to avoid a single point of failure
and maintain high network availability.

Step 4: Define Network Segments/Subnets

An effective way to manage network traffic and minimize security risks is to segment
the network into smaller subnets. Each subnet can then be managed independently by
a separate network administrator, reducing the complexity of the network.
segmenting the network into smaller subnets also makes it easier to troubleshoot
network issues. When a problem occurs, network administrators can quickly identify
the affected subnet and isolate the issue. This reduces the time and effort required to
troubleshoot and resolve network issues.
Network segmentation can be done at different layers of the OSI model. It can be
done at layer 2 (Data link layer) using VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) or at
layer 3 (Network layer) using IP subnets. Application segmentation involves
segmenting and preventing lateral movement at layer 7 of the OSI model or the
Application Layer.
Step 5: Implement Network Security Measures
Data security is a critical aspect of any network design. It involves implementing
measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, access control
lists, and virtual private networks (VPNs). These security features help protect the
network from unauthorized access and mitigate the risk of cyber threats.

Step 6: Monitor and Maintain the Network Infrastructure

The sixth step is to monitor and maintain the network infrastructure. This includes
monitoring the network for performance and security issues, identifying and resolving
any problems that arise, and updating the network as needed to meet changing
business and technological needs.
Step 7: Continuously Improve the Network Infrastructure
The final step is to continuously improve the network infrastructure to meet changing
business requirements and goals. This includes identifying areas for improvement,
implementing new technologies and protocols, and upgrading the network hardware
and software components as needed.

Q3. What we consider when we design campus network?

When designing a campus network, there are several factors that must be taken into
consideration to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. The campus network is the
physical backbone of an institution's digital infrastructure and plays a critical role in
the seamless transfer of information between users and devices. Therefore, designing
a campus network is a complex task that requires careful planning and strategic
thinking. Here are some of the key considerations:
 Scalability: The first and most crucial element to consider when designing a
campus network is scalability. This network must be designed to accommodate
future growth and expansion, ensuring that it can handle increased traffic and
additional devices, such as IoT devices. A well-designed campus network should
be able to scale up or down as needed with minimal downtime.
 Resiliency: Resiliency refers to the ability of the network to recover from failures
and continue to operate without interruption. This can be achieved through
redundancy, load balancing, and failover mechanisms.
 Performance: The network should be designed to provide high-speed
connectivity and low latency to support real-time applications such as voice and
video.
 Security: Campus networks can be vulnerable to malicious attacks, such as data
breaches, malware infections, and phishing scams. Therefore, security measures
must be implemented, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and antivirus
software, to protect the network from external threats.
 Performance: Another crucial aspect of designing a campus network is
bandwidth management or the over all performance of the network . The network
should be designed to handle high bandwidth applications, such as video
conferencing and streaming, without affecting the performance of other
 applications. This can be achieved through the use of Quality of Service (QoS)
protocols and network traffic management techniques.
 Easy Of Use And Manageability: The network should be designed with user-
friendliness in mind, enabling end-users to easily connect to the network and
access resources. Additionally, the network should be easy to manage, allowing
network administrators to troubleshoot and resolve issues quickly and efficiently.
 Cost: Finally, cost is an essential factor to consider when designing a campus
network. The network design should balance efficient utilization of resources
with the capital expenditure required to acquire and maintain them. A cost-
effective network design should also consider investments in future-proof
technologies and infrastructure to avoid costly upgrades in the future.

Q4. Discuss the QoS Considerations in LAN Switches Here are some
of the key considerations:

Quality of Service (QoS) is a set of technologies that work on a network to control

traffic and ensure the performance of critical applications with limited network
capacity.
QoS refers to any technology that manages data traffic to reduce packet loss, latency,
and jitter on a network. QoS enables organizations to adjust their overall network
traffic by prioritizing specific high-performance applications.
QoS is necessary because it ensures the availability of an organization's network and
guarantees a certain level of network performance.
QoS controls and manages data traffic to reduce packet loss, latency, and jitter on a
network. QoS technologies provide differentiated handling and capacity allocation to
specific flows in network traffic, enabling the network administrator to assign the
order in which packets are handled and the amount of bandwidth afforded to that
application or traffic flow.
QoS is an essential consideration when designing LAN switches. Here are some of the
key QoS considerations in LAN switches:

 Traffic Classification: Traffic classification is the process of distinguishing one

type of traffic from another based upon access control lists (ACLs),
 Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), Class of Service (CoS), and other
factors. Traffic classification is the foundation for QoS in a network.

 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping: Traffic policing and traffic shaping are used
to control the rate of traffic entering or leaving a network. Traffic policing drops
packets that exceed the configured rate limit, while traffic shaping buffers packets
and sends them at a controlled rate.

 Congestion Management: Congestion management is used to manage network

congestion by prioritizing traffic based on its importance. Congestion
management mechanisms include Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), Class-Based
Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ), and Low Latency Queuing (LLQ).

 Congestion Avoidance: Congestion avoidance is used to prevent network

congestion by dropping packets before the network becomes congested.
Congestion avoidance mechanisms include Random Early Detection (RED) and
Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED).

 Packet Marking: Packet marking is used to differentiate packets by designating

them different identifying values. This allows network devices to identify and
prioritize data as it traverses a network.

 Bandwidth Allocation: Bandwidth allocation determines the available capacity

for each traffic class. This ensures that critical applications receive the necessary
bandwidth to perform optimally.

 Link-level QoS: QoS can be implemented at different layers of the OSI model.
Link-level QoS mechanisms such as IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE 802.1p, and
Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) can be used to provide QoS at the
link layer.

QoS policies should be designed from the high-level requirements gathered in the
project planning stage. By following best practices and industry standards, network
designers can create a network that meets the business requirements and goals. When
possible, follow industry standards when deploying QoS policies to align with service
providers and business partners. Mark packets as close to the source as possible to
ensure that the packets are marked correctly. Perform QoS in hardware where there is
no performance impact. If you must perform QoS in software, ensure your devices are
sized appropriately and don’t become a bottleneck.
In conclusion, QoS is an essential consideration when designing LAN switches.
Traffic classification, traffic policing, traffic shaping, congestion management, and
congestion avoidance are the foundations for a network to provide QoS. By following
best practices and industry standards, network designers can create a network that
meets the business requirements and goals.