Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-K K Birla Goa Campus

Second Semester 2024-2025

MATHEMATICS-II (MATH F112)

Tutorial Sheet, Sections upto 26
Topic: Complex functions, Limits, Differentiablity

1. Sketch the following sets and determine which are domains, which are neither open
nor closed, which are bounded:
(a) |z − 2 + i| ≤ 1 (b) |2z + 3| > 4 (c) ℑ(z) > 1 (d) ℑ(z) = 1.
Here ℑ(z) is the imaginary part of z it is also denoted by Imz.

2. In each case, sketch the closure of the set:

 
(a) −π < argz < π, (z ̸= 0) (b) |ℜ(z)| < |z| (c) ℜ z1 ≤ 1
2
(d) ℜ(z 2 ) > 0.
Here ℜ(z) is the real part of z it is also denoted by Rez.

3. Show S be the open set consisting of all points z such that |z| < 1 or |z − 1| < 1. State
why S is not connected.

4. Determine the accumulation points of each of the following sets:

(a) zn = in (n = 1, 2, . . .) (c) zn = in /n (n = 1, 2, . . .)
(b) 0 ≤ arg z < π/2 (z ̸= 0) (d) zn = (−1)n (1 + i) n−1
n
(n = 1, 2, . . .)

5. Show that ||z| − |w|| ≤ |z − w|, (z, w ∈ C)

6. Draw the subsets of the complex plane and also determine which subsets are open,
closed or connected.

(a) {z : |z| < 1}. (d) {z : ez = 1}.

(b) {z : Re z = 1}. (e) {z : |z − 1| < |z + 1|}.
(c) {z : Re (z 2 ) < 1}. (f) {z : 0 < |z − 1| < 2}.

7. Let z1 , z2 be in the disc {z : |z| ≤ 1} such that |z1 − z2 | ≥ 1 then show that |z1 + z2 | ≤
√
3.
z+1
8. Let f : C \ {1} → C, be defined as f (z) = z−1
, shade the image of the following sets

(a) {z : |z| = 2}. (c) {z : z 2 = 4}.

(b) {z = x + iy : 2x + 3y = 1}. (d) {z : 0 < |z| < 21 }.

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 9. For each of the function below, describe the domain of the definition that is understood:
 
(a) f (z) = z21+1 (c) f (z) = Arg z1
z 1
(b) f (z) = z+z̄
(d) f (z) = 1−|z|2

10. Write the function f (z) = z 3 + z + 1 in the form f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y).

11. Suppose that f (z) = x2 − y 2 − 2y + i(2x − 2xy), where z = x + iy. Use the expression
z + z̄ z − z̄
x= and y =
2 2i
to write f (z) in terms of z, and simplify the result.

12. Write the function

1
f (z) = z + (z ̸= 0)
z
in the form f (z) = u(r, θ) + iv(r, θ).

13. Let a, b and c denote complex constants. Then use ε − δ definition of limit to show
that

(a) lim (az + b) = az0 + b; (c) lim [x + i(2x + y)] = 1 + i, where

z→z0 z→1−i
2
(b) lim (z + c) = z02 + c; (z = x + iy).
z→z0
 z 2
14. Show that the limit of the function f (z) = as z tends to 0 does not exist.
z̄
15. Use the theorem in Sec. 17 from text book to show that

4z 2 1 z2 + 1
(a) lim = 4; (b) lim = ∞; (c) lim = ∞.
z→∞ (z − 1)2 z→1 (z − 1)3 z→∞ z − 1

16. With the aid of the theorem in Sec. 17 from text book, show that when
az + b
T (z) = (ad − bc ̸= 0),
cz + d
(a) lim T (z) = ∞ if c = 0;
z→∞
a
(b) lim T (z) = and lim T (z) = ∞ if c ̸= 0.
z→∞ c z→d/c

17. Find which of the following limits exists:

1−z z 2 −z 2 z
(a) limz→1 1−z
. (b) limz→0 z
. (c) limz→0 Re z
.

18. Differentiate the following functions from the first principle.

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 (a) f (z) = z1 , if z ̸= 0 (b) f (z) = ez (c) f (z) = z 2

19. Use results in Sec. 20 from the text book to find f ′ (z) when
z−1
(a) f (z) = 3z 3 − 2z + 4; (c) f (z) = 2z+1
(z ̸= −1/2)
(1+z 2 )4
(b) f (z) = (1 − 4z 2 )3 ; (d) f (z) = z2
(z ̸= 0)

20. Let f denote the function whose values are

 2
z
 z when z ̸= 0,

f (z) =

 0 when z = 0.

Show that f is not differentiable at z = 0.

21. Prove that the function f (z) = z Re z is differentiable at z = 0, what is f ′ (0)?

p
22. Show that the function f (z) = |z 2 − z 2 | is not differentiable at the origin.

23. Find the region where the functions are differentiable;

(a) Imz. (b) z.

24. Find the derivative from the first principle wherever defined:
z
(a) z 2 +1
. (b) |z|.

25. Using the results in Sec. 20 from the text book, show

(a) a polynomial
p(z) = a0 + a1 z + a2 z 2 + · · · + an z n (an ̸= 0)
of degree n (n ≥ 1) is differentiable everywhere, with derivative

p′ (z) = a1 + 2a2 z + · · · + nan z n−1 ;

(b) the coefficients in the polynomial p(z) in part (a) can be written

p′ (0) p′′ (0) p(n) (0)

a0 = p(0), a1 = , a2 = , ..., an = .
11 2! n!

26. Suppose that f (z0 ) = g(z0 ) = 0 and that f ′ (z0 ) and g ′ (z0 ) exist, where g ′ (z0 ) ̸= 0. Use
definition (1), Sec. 19 from the text book of derivative to show that

f (z) f ′ (z0 )
lim = ′ .
z→z0 g(z) g (z0 )