CHAPTER-3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION:

The process of gathering information from a predetermined group (such as employees or future
employees) with the purpose of learning more about your company's products, services, or brand as
a whole is known as survey research.

Survey research can give you access to a wealth of data as a quantitative data collection tool that
can help you make important decisions about your company's products and services. Yet, to acquire
the desired findings from a survey, meticulous planning and execution are required. There are
generally 4 types of survey namely online surveys, Paper surveys, Telephonic surveys, One to one
interviews.

3.2 DEFINITION OF RESEARCH:

Research is an activity that helps us discover new information, helps us confirm what is already
known, and prompts us to ask questions about concepts that are challenging for us to understand in
light of the evidence that is now accessible. In order to be a good manager, you must understand the
numerous phases involved in solving complex problems so that you may make the best judgements
possible. Research is a continual activity in the majority of disciplines and professions, and it is
useful in providing a critical evaluation of how we carry out policies and give instructions in our
fields of work.

An area is chosen, a particular hypothesis is established, and a certain conclusion must be reached.
But how was this determination made? What is the best course of action? The following are the
primary categories of research methods, according to
CR Kothari's book "Research Methodology Methods and Techniques”
3.3 VARIETIES OF RESEARCH:

To explore an issue or the research in question, different accepted approaches are employed in
research. It is crucial for the researchers to support their claims with parameters, settings, and
assumptions that are well-defined. By applying the most relevant methodologies and procedures,
researchers can better organise their projects by having a thorough understanding of the many sorts
of research.

1. Applied Research
2. Correlational Research
3. Descriptive Research
4. Historical Research
5. Experimental Research
6. Exploratory Research
7. Ethnographic Research
8. Basic Research
9. Phenomenological Research

3.4 OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS

* To assess the weight that employee satisfaction places on their performance and the degree of that
satisfaction.

* To investigate the efficiency of open communication between management and employee

* To determine whether the client is receiving a fair price for their services.

* To investigate the effects of workplace ethos, culture, and environment.

* In order to determine whether the results of the employee engagement survey are being adopted
or not.

3.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1. A month was the maximum time frame for the study.

2. Given that many customers are unskilled or semi-skilled, the results might not be entirely
reliable.

3. Specifically, the employers is the focus of the study. The study's price is reasonable.

4. The respondents feared the management might see their response. During the interview, a small
number of employers refused to provide an answer.

5. For some time to come, this project might not be valued.

6. Human error was a factor in the data collection, which was qualitative rather than quantitative.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

The technique of study explains the methodical approach to locating the solutions to pre-
established issues. Also, this offers a clear path to accomplishing and achieving the stated
problem's clear answer. The approach is largely responsible for the study's accuracy and
reliability. The procedures employed in this study for sample selection, sample size, data
collecting, and various tools for data analysis and interpretation are referred to as the
methodology. The current study is an analytical and empirical examination that includes a field
survey. The gathered information has been examined and collated in the proper formats, keeping
in mind the study's goals.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

The fundamental framework or strategy for a study that directs data gathering and analysis is known
as the research design. In this survey, a descriptive research design was employed. It consists of
several sorts of surveys and fact-finding inquiries. Descriptive research's primary goal is to describe
the current state of circumstances.

3.6 DATA COLLECTION METHODS:

DATA COLLECTION: To fulfil the requirements of the objective, a thorough questionnaire was
created.

SOURCES OF DATA: The research design's foundation is the data gathering methodology. Both
primary and secondary sources of data were used to prepare the study and report.

Primary Data:

With the interview and the completion of questionnaires, primary data was gathered. Those
employees who were willing to offer their opinions were invited to the interview.

Secondary Data:

For the purpose of doing the research, the primary secondary data source was books, libraries,
journals, and Google.

3.7 POPULATION DESIGN:

3.8 SAMPLING METHODS:

The Convenience Sampling Method is used for the survey. Convenience or opportunistic sampling
is the crudest type of non-random sampling. This involves selecting the most convenient group
available.

SAMPLING UNIT:

The employees who were serving in TUBES PRODUCTS OF INDIA (MURUGGAPA GROUPS)
Chennai – 600065

SAMPLING AREA:

The sampling area considered for the current research was TUBES PRODUCTS OF INDIA
(MURUGGAPA GROUPS) Chennai - 600065

SAMPLE SIZE:

100 Employees were surveyed during the period.

QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN:

The questionnaire design is basically closed ended questions. As multi-option are given to the
employees for their convenience. 5 point rating scale is used in the study.
3.9 STATISTICAL TOOLS USED:

To analyse and interpret collected data the following statistical tools were used:

1. Percentage Method

2. Chi-Square analysis

Percentage Method:

The percentage is employed when comparing two or more data series. It is employed to categorise
the respondent's perspective in light of several aspects. It is determined as

Percentage of respondent = {No of respondents favourable/Total no.of respondents} x 100

Chi-Square Analysis:

In statistics, chi-square analysis is used to evaluate how well observed data fits the presumptive
theoretical distribution. As a result, it is a measurement to examine the discrepancy between
actual and anticipated frequencies. χ2 = ∑ (Oi – Ei)2/Ei

At the designated level of significance, the calculated chi-square value is compared to the chi-
square table for the given degrees of freedom. When the calculated value exceeds the tabular value,
there is a considerable discrepancy between the observed frequency and the predicted frequency. In
the case of a contingency table, the degrees of freedom are (C-1) (R-1) where C is the number of
columns and R is the number of rows. The degrees of freedom are (n-2) where 'n' is the number of
observed frequencies.

It is employed to determine the relationship between workplace communication and job satisfaction.
It is used to determine how welfare satisfaction and job satisfaction are related. It is employed to
determine the relationship between respondents' experiences and job satisfaction.