L’Œuvre

architecturale
de Le Corbusier
UNE CONTRIBUTION EXCEPTIONNELLE
AU MOUVEMENT MODERNE

[14] Complexe du Capitole

CHANDIGARH / INDE

Proposition d’inscription sur

la Liste du patrimoine mondial,
présentée par l’Allemagne,
l’Argentine, la Belgique, la France,
l’Inde, le Japon et la Suisse.

PLAN DE GESTION
Page 1 of 36
Architectural and Urban Works of Le Corbusier- The Capitol Complex, Chandigarh

THE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Page 2 of 36
Vision statement for the management plan

‘The vision of the Management Plan is to conserve, protect and enhance the

Outstanding Universal Value of the Capitol Complex Chandigarh as a living

repository of the largest and greatest urban composition of Le Corbusier,

sustainably managing the balance between preservation and use. The

Complex shall continue to be a celebration of democracy and an embodiment

of the spirit of modern architecture inspiring present and future and

generations of architects and planners across the world, highlighting the

architectural contribution of the city of Chandigarh.’

Page 3 of 36
OVERVIEW

Current management and use of the site

The nominated property is a ‘living heritage site’, housing the Assembly, the High Court and
the Secretariat buildings and being extensively used as the administrative head of the city by
the states of Punjab and Haryana.

The site is facing challenges of hosting multiple stake holders, an increasing pressure on
space usage, escalating need for parking and the conservation of the exposed concrete of
the edifices, monuments and plaza. Concerns of security have lead to limited accessibility,
introduction of grills on openings and bifurcation of the pedestrian plaza. The backdrop of the
Shivalik range is vital to the integrity of the layout.

A detailed assessment of the present condition of the site and its components forms the
basis for this management plan. The areas of study are the current usage and management
of the site, its stake holders, present means of protection and legislation, visitor
management, risk preparedness measures, and financial layout for implementation of the
management plan.

Stakeholders
The protection and upkeep of the nominated property is the responsibility of the Chandigarh
Administration. The Secretariat and Assembly buildings are shared by the states of Punjab
and Haryana making them interested state parties. The largest section of stake holders
comprises of the nearly 12,000 employees /staff working in all the three buildings1. The
Chief Ministers of Punjab and Haryana and other senior officers also have their offices in this
building. There are a large number of visitors who come for purely official work to the
Secretariat building while around 5,000 litigants and advocates visit the High Court daily
besides the judges. The Assembly building has the lowest number of employees and
visitors. National and International Tourists, researchers and historians have an interest
in exploring the entire property.

Due to the sensitive functions of all the buildings the Complex requires high security for
which various security agencies like Chandigarh Police, ITBP and CISF2 have close to 1,300

1
High Court – Employees- 3,920 and 68 Judges.,Daily Visitors: 5,000;Secretariat: Total Employees- 7,500,Daily Visitors:
2,700; Assembly : Employees- 337 (Punjab) +322( Haryana)=657Daily Visitors: 35

2
ITBP- Indo Tibet Border Police-700 personnel ,CISF-Central Industrial security Force-500 personnel

Page 4 of 36
security personnel deputed in and around the nominated property. Since they are
responsible for round the clock security of the Complex their accommodation and allied
services need to be catered to.

Ownership of property and buffer

The entire nominated property including all its components- movable and immovable are
under the jurisdiction of the Chandigarh Administration, Government of India. The buildings
are jointly used by the states of Haryana and Punjab but the ownership is with Chandigarh
Administration.
A major part of the land in the buffer is also under the Chandigarh Administration. Towards
the west, the Rajindra Park houses a helipad, the Chandigarh Club which is on lease and
temporary hutments of security personnel .The Eastern buffer defined by the existing road
leading to Kaimbwala village comprises of largely forested area in which is located Nek
Chand’s famous Rock Garden3 the land being owned by the Chandigarh Administration.
Towards the south the proposed buffer includes the Uttar Marg and the low rise- low density
residential Sectors 2, 3, 4 and 5. The privately owned residences are either freehold plots or
on lease4. However all the developments of these Sectors are regulated by the Punjab New
Capital (Development and Regulations) Act 1952.

1.1 Objective of the Management Plan

The Management Plan is the principle mechanism to conserve, safeguard and promote the
Outstanding Universal Value of the Nominated Property. It is formulated with a view to
address the following aspects:

a) Ensure sustainable development as one of the important mandates of the World

Heritage properties.

b) Provide a cycle of planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and feedback;

c) Present an accountable, transparent description of how the management system

functions;

d) Substantiate / spell out the allocation of necessary resources

3
The Rock Garden has been absorbed in the Chandigarh Master Plan 2031 and future expansion has not been
permitted with a view to control its sprawl.
4
All residential plots sold before 1973 were freehold after which the option of converting the lease to
freehold with a conversion fee was allowed.

Page 5 of 36
e) Enable sensitisation and understanding of the property by all stakeholders

f) Equip personnel for capacity-building to manage the site responsibly.

1.2 Structure of the Management Plan - The Management mechanism proposed for
the nominated property ensures sustenance of the Outstanding Universal Value, and the
attributes of the property with respect to the Criteria ii and vi under which the property is
proposed for inscription to the World Heritage List. The aspects covered under the
Management Plan have been derived from the attributes of the Nominated property, the
unique conditions of authenticity and integrity as well as the broader urban setting upon
which the OUV relies. The plan works as a two way mechanism;

i) To safeguard and provide adequate protection to the OUV of the nominated property as a
long term commitment and to conserve the authenticity and integrity of the property.
Since the property also serves as a living heritage with development pressures, the
management plan works as a tool to sensitively balance change with preservation within
the property and its buffer,

ii) Valorise its significance to the user, tourist and architectural research community as it is a
resource of education and knowledge by the attributes of its architectural and urban
vocabulary, construction systems and techniques.

The key aspects of the Management Plan are:

2.0 Policies and Framework of Legislations

3.0 Conservation Plan

4.0 Maintenance and Management

5.0 Development Plan for Buffer Zone

6.0 User, Tourist, Visitor Management

7.0 Risk management

8.0 Interpretation, Research & Outreach

9.0 Financial Management

_____________________________________________________________________

2.0 POLICIES AND FRAMEWORK OF LEGISLATIONS:

The nominated property is under the ownership of the Chandigarh Administration and hence
enjoys a strong legal and regulatory protection. Given the status of Chandigarh as a Union

Page 6 of 36
Territory, it is under the direct administrative and financial control of the Central Government.
Among the key stakeholders of the nominated property are the state governments of Panjab
and Haryana, and the Registrar Panjab and Haryana High Court.

At the city level, all urban development is guided by Le Corbusier’s Master Plan of 19645.
Corbusier’s “Edict of Chandigarh” in which the Capitol Complex is designated a special area,
though not a legislative Act also continues to act as a guiding force6.Presently, the
management of the Nominated Property and the Buffer is taken care by the existing
legislative framework i.e. The Capital of Panjab (Development & Regulations Act), 1952.

The entire Capitol Complex has been approved as a Grade I Heritage precinct by the
Government of India on the recommendation of the Expert Heritage Committee7. It falls
within Heritage Zone18 . This protection is also extended to include the entire nominated
property, the edifices, piazza, monuments, hillocks and associated landscape elements.
Each of the three edifices and the four monuments has also individually been accorded
Grade 1 status as part of Chandigarh’s Enlisted Heritage9. The boundaries of the buffer lie
within the Heritage Zone 1 and are governed by an extensive set of regulations specifying
the heights, building lines etc. Detailed guidelines are in place for the buildings along the
principal V2s and V3s of the city which form the southern and western edges of the
nominated property.

The Chandigarh Administration is in the process of finalising the Draft Chandigarh Master
Plan 2031 which has given due emphasis to the protection of Chandigarh’s enlisted heritage
and the recommendations of the Expert Heritage Committee. The Draft Heritage
Conservation Regulations are also being prepared. Any further intervention/development
within the Nominated Property and the Buffer will be regulated through the overall
supervision of the notified Chandigarh Heritage Conservation Committee- CHCC (2011).

The Nominated Property shall form part of the Eco-sensitive Zone around the Sukhna
Wildlife Sanctuary on the north of the Capitol Complex through a proposal submitted to the
Government of India for approval and shall accord additional protection to the property and
its buffer.

5 The layout and planning of all the areas is in compliance with the original layout of Corbusier.
6 “Edict of Chandigarh”, 1952, Le Corbusier, Chandigarh.
7 The Expert Heritage Committee for the city of Chandigarh was constituted on 23.12.2011 to designate heritage status and
thereby protect, conserve and enhance the modern heritage value of the ensembles, precincts and properties.
8 Under the Chandigarh Master plan 2031, development has been regulated by the designation of various Heritage Zones and the Capitol
Complex lies in Zone 1.
9 Enlisted Heritage of Chandigarh was prepared in 2010 to accord heritage status to various buildings and ensembles in the city as
Heritage Grade 1,2 and 3. The Capitol Edifices and Monuments fall in Grade 1 which enjoys the highest level of protection of heritage
zones and precincts.

Page 7 of 36
Besides these measures other regulations which accord protection to the Nominated
property include: The Chandigarh Tree Preservation Order, 1952, The Chandigarh
Advertisement control Order, 1954, Central Air Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1988, declaring Chandigarh as an “Air Pollution Control Area” and a Notification declaring
the nominated property in the silent zone. A portion of the nominated property also falls
within the Sukhna Catchment area.
The future legislative tools to ensure Management of the site while protecting its attributes
shall include a proposed Conservation Plan and Architectural Regulations.

Issue 1: Framing Heritage Regulations for the Nominated Property and Buffer Zone
respecting the OUV and the broader setting as well as the authenticity and integrity
and the values of the property by the formulation of a Conservation Plan and
Architectural Regulations.

.
Policy 1(a): The proposed policies of the Management Plan should be formally incorporated
within the local development framework and within other statutory plans as Architectural
Regulations for the formal protection of the site and the buffer zone areas.
Policy 1(b): The review and updating of statutory protection should be continued through
national and state level designations and policies.

3.0 CONSERVATION PLAN

Issue 3: Framing Heritage Regulations for Nominated Property and Buffer Zone

The nominated property is presently in active use and in a good state of conservation and
the authenticity and integrity of the original works is largely maintained. The form, structure
and articulation of the facades are well conserved as no vertical or horizontal extension is
permitted10. The exposed concrete structures do not show signs of severe structural damage
or deterioration although there are signs of weathering of the concrete at some places.
Some balconies of the north western facade of the Secretariat have been partially enclosed
for demand for additional office space, attached toilets and restrooms. Internal changes such
as erection of partitions, addition of utilities and ducts for air conditioning have been made to
address needs of human comfort. Many of these changes are reversible and are to be dealt
in a sensitive way to resolve the user needs. All the originally conceived structures are intact
and periodic maintenance has been done.

10
The Expert Heritage Committee has recommended that there shall be no further horizontal or vertical extension on the
campus in view of its Heritage Grade I Status. To cope with the growing footfall, safety factors and holding capacity of the
site, fire, and medical emergencies, alternate sites in the city are recommended for use.

Page 8 of 36
In 2010 an extensive visual survey was conducted by a Sub-Committee of the Expert
Heritage Committee11 w.r.t. Restoration and Preservation of Building materials- concrete and
brick masonry buildings which included assessment of the condition and state of concrete in
the Secretariat, Assembly, and High Court buildings.

An overarching Conservation Plan based on the detailed condition assessment of the three
edifices and the smaller but equally important elements of the Nominated Property is
proposed to be drawn up. Besides being a tool for Periodic Reporting and Monitoring the
state of the Property, the Conservation Plan will serve to protect, safeguard and conserve
the Nominated Property at three levels:

a) Overall Geometrical Composition and layout (derived from the modular and golden
section) of the nominated property keeping the OUV intact and maintain the spatial and
visual integrity of the site within the boundaries of the site itself. Maintainenance of the
spatial relationship with the city as its symbolic and geographic head, and, maintaining its
visual links to the Shivalik Hills further north is vital. To complete the overall composition
as planned by Le Corbusier the unbuillt edifice of the Museum of Knowledge shall be
constructed in its predefined location falling within the Northern Buffer Zone.

b) The Built Fabric comprises of the form, structure, materials and finishes of the three
Edifices and the four Monuments. The external and internal components such as brise
soliel, gargoyles, enamel door to the Assembly, motifs in wet concrete and shuttering
patterns, lighting fixtures, tapestries, etc also form an integral part of the built fabric. The
incomplete Martyr’s Memorial and the Geometric Hill shall be completed as per the
original design.

c) Landscape includes the Plaza and the associated urban landscape elements i.e.
plantation, indigenous groves, mounds, water bodies, lighting fixtures, pedestrian
pathways. Some insensitive plantations and maintenance works, security barricades
obscuring the views of the edifices and affecting the OUV are being addressed as per the
original scheme. Execution of the missing pathways and forecourts is also being
undertaken. To reinforce the pedestrian priority and continuity along the plaza a
dedicated parking space for the judiciary has been planned in the Buffer zone which
would address the present ingress/movement of vehicles on the plaza towards the High
Court.

3.1 Within the Conservation plan, areas which are intrinsic to the OUV and authenticity and
integrity of the property and which pose challenges to its management are being specifically
addressed. These are:

Page 9 of 36
3.1.1Concrete Conservation: The Nominated Property represents the first ever large scale
use of exposed reinforced concrete in India which heralded a unique architectural and urban
vocabulary of building types and forms. Together, the edifices and monuments represent the
plastic inventiveness of their creator as well as display the varied qualities of concrete as a
material for construction, sculpture and art. The edifices and the monuments are in fairly
good state but require a Conservation and Management plan for their upkeep and long-term
preservation. The Chandigarh Administration based on the visual Condition Assessment
report of the Subcommittee of the Expert Heritage Committee has signed a Memorandum Of
Understanding with CBRI, Roorkee (Central Building & Research Institute) to carry out a
detailed condition assessment for all the three edifices and give recommendations regarding
the measures and retrofitting needed for the preservation and conservation of concrete and
to address high seismic risk to the property. The Secretariat building is being assessed first
to be followed by the other two edifices.
Best international practices with other participating countries of the Trans National Dossier
will be utilised to guide the conservation process.

A Concrete Conservation and Preservation Plan should be worked out with the help of
experts to guide all future interventions and retrofitting.

3.1.1.2 Conservation of Other Elements: The Open Hand Monument in Bronze shall be
conserved using state of the art methods and practices. The tapestries, the movable and
immovable furniture, up lighters, etc shall also be restored and maintained.

3.1.2 Architectural Regulations- In the absence of any stipulated regulations current

piecemeal interventions within the existing built fabric (external facades, interior floors, walls
and ceilings) to address needs of human comfort and safety in work areas (air conditioning,
fire detection and mitigation systems), and demand for additional office space by way of
enclosing balconies are beginning to impact the values of the property. The Government of
India has approved the broad framework of development guidelines including scope of
changes permitted in the Heritage Grade 1 for Chandigarh’s Enlisted Heritage12. However, to
monitor and regulate development in the Nominated Property and as a tool to manage
change in a living site, the Conservation Plan would extend itself to the preparation of
detailed Architectural Regulations with the approval of the CHCC. These would include:

a) ‘No construction’ zones shall be specifiedb) Regulations for essential addition /alteration
to ensure harmonious interventions and no adverse impact to the OUV, integrity and
authenticity of the nominated property. All proposals shall be approved by the CHCC.

12
Approved Report of the Expert Heritage Committee, 23 December, 2011.

Page 10 of 36
Issue 2: Conservation of built fabric of the edifices, monuments and plaza should be of
primary importance for protecting the OUV of the property. Concrete Conservation should
be taken up in collaboration with scientific organisations incorporating Best Practices.

Issue 3: Original composition and landscape design of the site needs to be completed,
conserved and restored to fulfil conditions of authenticity and integrity as well as to
preserve the views and vistas. Pedestrian continuity has to be restored as per the original
layout.

Issue 4: The smaller elements need special attention and expertise for their care,
management and conservation since they contribute to the integrity of the property.

Issue 2: The conservation of built fabric of the edifices, monuments and plaza

Policy 2(a): A detailed condition assessment – both visual and structural of the entire
property should be undertaken for the entire site and its components to arrive at the
interventions needed and further long term plan of action. Digital images and
documentations shall be compiled as part of a continuous process of assessment, updating
of data and recording of maintenance and conservation works being carried out.

Policy 2b): The exposed concrete of the edifices, monuments, plaza and smaller elements
like the brise soleil, is one of the most important OUV of the property hence its conservation
should be ensured through regular maintenance and sensitive interventions based on the
observations of the condition assessment report.

Policy 2(c): Authenticity and integrity of the original and existing fabric should be ensured
while carrying out maintenance and repair works adopting international best practices with
respect to materials and techniques. The approval of CHCC should be taken before
undertaking any such works.

Policy 2(d): Where the original materials and finishes within the site have been
compromised through non-authentic materials, inappropriate additions and alterations and
incongruous detailing, historic character and detail will be reintroduced wherever and
whenever possible. The changes and alterations should be categorised as reversible or
irreversible and appropriate measures taken.

Policy 2(e): All interventions to restore the original materials and finishes shall be done
under the guidance of technical experts and should be identifiable on close inspection and/or
through rigorous documentation.

Page 11 of 36
Policy 2(f): Regular assessment of efficiency and adequacy of services such as water
supply, drainage, electricity etc needs to be done keeping in mind the growing requirements
of users, visitors and tourists.
Policy2(g): Since the site is and shall continue to be extensively used, incorporation of
modern day services like computer networking, increased electrical load, air conditioning,
lighting and illumination, modern means of security and surveillance etc need to be
incorporated sensitively to maintain the functionality of the complex with minimum damage to
the built fabric.
Policy 2(h): In the monument of the Open Hand, the concrete should be sensitively
repaired where needed and the bronze Hand should be restored. The Martyrs’ Memorial
should be completed as per the original drawings and details. The Tower of Shadows should
be properly maintained and the ramp connecting it to the Geometric Hill should be cleared of
vegetation and repaired sensitively. The Geometric Hill should be completed along with the
sun dial as per the original drawings.
Policy 2(i): Guidelines specifying monthly, quarterly, half yearly and annual tasks of
maintenance works and the agency responsible for the same should be prepared clearly
outlining areas of overlap and shared responsibility. The means and methods of assessing
the completion and success of tasks should be clearly defined by each agency.

Issue 3: Conservation and restoration of original composition and landscape

design of the site

Policy 3 (a): No addition -temporary or permanent should be allowed in the site which is not
as per the original concept. Additions and alterations needed to restore the composition
should be duly approved by the CHCC and carried out in the original spirit of the complex.
Policy 3 (b): Additions and alterations to the original landscape concept should be removed
and the incomplete connections established to confirm to the original scheme of vehicular
and pedestrian access.

Policy 3 (c): The primary purpose of the pedestrian plaza should be restored by restricting
vehicular access and parking while removing barricades and check posts.

Policy 3 (d): All new works should be in consonance with the management plan to conserve
the values of the site.
Policy 3(e): Vistas and views should be maintained and reinforced by clearance of
unsolicited vegetation and previous unplanned plantation.Removal of excess vegetation
should be carried out regularly.

Page 12 of 36
Policy 3 (f): A comprehensive drainage plan for the entire site should be prepared. The floor
level of the plaza and abutting roads relative to the buildings should be maintained in all
exercises of future re carpeting.

Issue 4: Management and conservation of the smaller elements

Policy 4(a): A detailed inventory of heritage furniture and original light fixtures should be
prepared recording their present condition and location.
Policy 4(b): The present condition of the tapestries in the High Court and in the Assembly
should be assessed by an expert and measures to be taken to restore them should be
outlined.
Policy4(c): The lighting along the plaza should be restored as per original scheme.

4.0 MAINTENANCE & MANAGEMENT

For the living heritage of Capitol Complex where user and visitor footfall is growing, it is vital
to have a comprehensive maintenance and management plan which ensures not only the
functional efficiency but also enhances the OUV and values of the site. Presently there is no
regular system of maintenance and management of various components of the property
such as maintenance of the edifices, the plaza, the monuments, landscape elements,
pedestrian vehicular movement lines, solid waste management etc. The staffing levels for
maintenance are also insufficient and at times insensitive while carrying out regular
maintenance. Some piecemeal and adhoc maintenance works including laying of concrete in
a patchwork fashion, repair and restoration which do not conform to the original forms,
material and design etc. have adversely affected the aesthetics and forms. Concrete
surfaces which are not periodically maintained show blackening, and algae growth.
Insensitive plantation and unruly undergrowth attacking the concrete at places on the plaza
is also due to lack of proper maintenance. Sheds for storage of building material though
temporary but continue to be sited on the plaza, thereby intruding into the overall spatial
composition. The Maintenance and Management Plan would address these issues for the
entire property as a comprehensive plan under the responsibility of the Chief Engineer UT.

4.1 A Comprehensive Maintenance plan for the entire property with stakeholders who are
responsible co-partners and participate in the smooth implementation of the Management
Plan shall be prepared with the approval of the CHCC.

Page 13 of 36
4.2 Maintenance and Management of the Edifices – The Chandigarh Administration with
the prior approval of the CHCC will undertake the management of the edifices after
ascertaining the requirements from the governments of Punjab and Haryana and the
Registrar Punjab and Haryana High Court. However, the daily maintenance and repair
works would be carried out by a competent authority as per Architectural guidelines
approved by the CHCC.

4.3 Parking and Circulation - As a comprehensive exercise the management of pedestrian

and vehicular circulation is dealt under the section on Traffic and Parking Management.

4.4 Landscape and Plantation – While the Conservation Plan would oversee the landscape
and plantation, implementation of the day to day maintenance would be the responsibility
of the Horticulture Wing under the Chief Engineer, UT, Chandigarh. The maintenance of
landscape and green areas, water bodies, plaza and monuments which is presently
undertaken by different divisions of Horticulture Wing of Department of Engineering will
be addressed in a holistic manner in the Conservation Plan.

4.5 User Management and Sensitisation - The users (workers, employees to the High
Court, Assembly and Secretariat) to the property need to be sensitised towards the
values of the property to instill a sense of pride so that they feel responsible towards the
management of their property.

With increased visitation, staffing levels (maintenance and tourist facilitation staff) will be
augmented and sensitised towards the OUV, attributes and values of the nominated
property. Sensitisation drives, and activities to promote the property by the Tourism
Department, is being dovetailed into the annual activity calendar of the nominated
property in conjunction with the activities of the Tourist Information Centre recently
opened near the entrance to the property. This Centre is an infrastructure management
tool to facilitate the visitors and researchers towards the guided interpretation of the
nominated property.

Issue 5: A Comprehensive Maintenance Plan for the entire property needs to be

prepared for the all the components of the nominated property. Sensitisation of
users and maintenance staff should be ensured.

Issue 5: Preparation of Maintenance Plan

Policy 5(a): A regular system of maintenance and management of various components of

the property such as the edifices, the plaza, the monuments, landscape elements,
pedestrian vehicular movement lines, solid waste management etc should be prepared.

Page 14 of 36
Policy 5(b): Augmentation and sensitisation of staff to carry out regular maintenance while
preserving the property.

5.0 DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF THE BUFFER ZONE

The Buffer extends all around the nominated property with an intention to protect, safeguard
and enhance the OUV, integrity, setting and appreciation of the site. The boundaries of the
Buffer are easily identifiable. The northern buffer is defined by the existing mango groves,
the Southern comprises the residential Sectors 2, 3, 4, and 5 which are three storied low-rise
developments of government and private properties. This part of the buffer further connects
the nominated property to the city along the ceremonial avenue - the V2 Jan Marg. The
eastern buffer includes the High Court extension and the Rock Garden while the Rajindra
Park defines the western buffer.

Together the northern, eastern, and western buffers comprise the Capitol Parc and form part
of the Heritage Zone 1 approved by the Government of India on the recommendations of the
Expert Heritage Committee. The entire buffer zone has been given title of the Corbusian
Chandigarh13. Since the Buffer lies within the boundary of the Union Territory of Chandigarh,
its management is regulated through the existing legislative framework i.e. The Capital of
Panjab (Development & Regulations Act), 1952. The Expert Heritage Committee has
recommended Heritage Status to some government and private properties within the
Southern Buffer some of which face the Uttar Marg running parallel to the nominated
property and are visible from the nominated property. Concept approval from CHCC has
also been recommended for properties flanking other V2 and V3 roads of the Sectors to
preserve the nominated site’s urban imageability. The green belts along the sectors are also
being preserved. Further, all development within the Buffer will be regulated under the
overall supervision of the Chandigarh Heritage Conservation Committee (2011). The Draft
Master Plan 2031 has sensitively integrated the Expert Heritage Committee
recommendations for the Buffer which will provide statutory backing upon notification.

5.1 The Development Plan of the Buffer would address the following:

5.1.1 The Buffer zone shall be sensitively and carefully handled to ensure the protection of
the visual and spatial setting of the nominated property by ensuring that no high-
rise/incongruous development is allowed to pose a threat to the planned vistas, the serenity
13
Corbusian Chandigarh which comprises sectors 1-30 of the Phase 1 of the city, should continue to retain its
lowrise character and no private building be allowed to rise higher than three floors as already permitted.
Recommendations of the Expert Heritage Committee approved by the Government of India.

Page 15 of 36
of the property and the backdrop of the mountains. Detailed Heritage Regulations for the
Buffer Zone vis a vis views, scale, height, mass, materials and physical distance are to be
taken into consideration while considering the appropriateness of any future intervention in
this Buffer Zone.

5.1.2 The green open and spacious ambience of the nominated property and the buffer
zone shall be protected through the Draft Chandigarh Master Plan-2031 which stipulates all
green areas as inviolable landuse thus ensuring the preservation of the eastern, northern
and western buffer zones comprising natural greens, the Rock Garden and part of the city
green- the Leisure Valley.

5.1.3 The requirement of additional space to accommodate the functions of the High Court
shall be met within the eastern buffer for which holistic planning has been undertaken with
the involvement of the Members of the CHCC to ensure harmonious development. To
reduce pressure on the nominated property and the immediate buffer some functions of the
High Court, Secretariat are also been planned elsewhere the City.

5.1.4 The ongoing promotion of the Nominated Property by the Chandigarh Administration
and further its World Heritage Status is bound to bring in increased visitation. The
augmentation of the tourists’ facilities shall be sensitively addressed in the southern buffer.
Further given the multiplicity of its users, sensitisation of the various stakeholders to develop
a deeper understanding of shared value of the nominated property is needed.

5.1.5 Traffic Management within the buffer is presently in order, since the area falling
within the Buffer is largely residential with state owned government housing pockets as well
as privately owned large villas. The rise in traffic and parking needs due to increased tourists
and visitors in future needs the creation of additional parking lots within the buffer, especially
along the V2 Jan Marg. This would require careful and sensitive intervention for selection of
parking sites. Likewise, there would be a need for monitoring traffic along tourist circuits
linking other tourist spots within the buffer to the Nominated Property.

Issue 6: The development and management of buffer zone areas should be integrated with
site planning and development to preserve spatial and visual setting of the site. Regulations
under the CHCC for developments within the Buffer are essential.

Page 16 of 36
ISSUE 6: Integration of buffer zone areas with site planning and development

Policy 6(a): Developments in the buffer zone should ease the development pressure on the
site without compromising on the character and OUV of the nominated property.

Policy 6(b): All additions and alterations in the buffer zone should follow the prescribed
development norms and further be approved by the CHCC.

Policy 6(c): Buildings of Heritage Value in the buffer zone like the Pierre Jeanerette House
should be integrated into the tourist circuit of the site and its surroundings.

Policy 6(d): An Interstate Coordination plan should be developed with Punjab to ensure low
rise- low density development in the area beyond the northern buffer till the foothills of the
Shivalik Hills.

6.0. USER, VISITOR AND TOURIST MANAGEMENT

The dual aim of the user and tourist management plan is to cater to the large number of
users of the site (office goers, litigants and visitors to the High Court) as well as the tourist
influx expected due to its recognition as an Architectural and Urban icon of Modern Heritage.
The three edifices, though in varying degrees, reflect stress induced by the increasing user
pressure14-especially in the High Court, (even though an extension serving extended judicial
functions besides courtrooms has been added in the Buffer Zone).

The main areas of concern regarding user, visitor and tourist management are:

6.1 Requirement of additional work space.

6.2 Infrastructural needs
6.3 Pedestrian & vehicular accessibility to and within the site.
6.4 Parking for users and visitors.

6.1 REQUIREMENT OF ADDITIONAL WORK SPACE

The three edifices are under pressure for augmenting work space and service areas as they
are serving the growing population of the city and the region with the maximum pressure
being felt in the High Court. The requirement of additional space to accommodate the
functions of the High Court shall be met within the eastern buffer for which holistic planning
has been undertaken with the involvement of the Members of the CHCC to ensure

14 This has been partially addressed by relocating extended functions of the High Court, and Secretariat elsewhere in the
city.

Page 17 of 36
harmonious development. To reduce pressure on the nominated property and the immediate
buffer some functions of the High Court, Secretariat are also been planned elsewhere the
City.

6.2 INFRASTRUCTURAL NEEDS

Due to manifold increase of users and visitors the infrastructure needs for water supply,
drainage, electricity etc. are under stress effecting the smooth functioning of the activities
within the edifices.

Provisions for fire fighting and risk preparedness and disaster management require
dedicated and additional resources which need to be factored in while augmenting the
essential services.

Interventions for human comfort and work efficiency with adoption of modern technology
like computer networking, power back up etc. are necessitating alterations and additions to
the built fabric.

Modern means of surveillance and security should be explored to replace the check
posts and barricades while reducing the manpower needed. Adequate infrastructure for the
security personnel responsible for round the clock security of the campus and allied services
should be accommodated without compromising on the aesthetics of the site.

Additional public conveniences are needed for visitors and tourists. The infrastructure
facilities for tourists include the recent Tourist Information Centre.

Issue 7: Infrastructural augmentation of the property should be undertaken to

address developmental pressures and increased visitation while ensuring the
preservation of the authenticity and integrity of the site and its components.

.
Issue 7: Infrastructural augmentation of the property

Policy 7(a): Augmentation of physical infrastructure for water supply, drainage, electricity,
disaster management and risk preparedness, landscaping, maintenance of the plaza,
garbage collection etc should be commensurate to the future requirements and sensitively
incorporated into the built fabric with the approval of the CHCC.
Policy 7(b): The increasing space requirements of the High Court and Secretariat should be
sensitively accommodated in the buffer and preferably be planned elsewhere the City.

Page 18 of 36
Policy 7(c): Modern means of surveillance and security should be explored.

6.3 PEDESTRIAN & VEHICULAR ACCESSIBILITY TO THE PROPERTY

The nominated property is easily accessible via the ceremonial Jan Marg that connects it to
the City Centre, Sector 17 as well. Public transport is easily available along the Uttar Marg
which links the site to the rest of the city via the vertical roads that terminate on it. The Uttar
Marg also connects the site to the highly visited Sukhna Lake and Rock Garden. Special
buses are run to and from the ISBT15, Sector 43 and the local Bus stand at Sector 17 to
cater to the large number of staff and visitors from the neighbouring states of Punjab and
Haryana. All modes of transport like the cycle rickshaw, auto rickshaw and buses are
available. The Hop on Hop off bus conducts trips to the nominated property as part of the
tourist circuit of the city.

Except for the stretch of the road in front of Sukhna Lake that sees a huge rush and
congestion of traffic on weekends, the roads leading to the site are not under traffic
pressure. Directional signage is prominently positioned across the city at all the important
nodes of circulation and activity.

Battery operated carts from the Sukhna Lake have recently been introduced to make the
travel on the Uttar Marg easier and sustainable. Pedestrian and bicycle connectivity from the
main nodes is possible and being facilitated further by strengthening the existing pathways
along the major arteries.

Permissions to access the Complex the buildings are granted at the Tourist Information
Centre.

b) Accessibility within the Site

Presently pedestrian continuity on the 450m long plaza linking the edifices and the
monuments has been disrupted by undesirable vegetation, barricading and security checks.
Some of the pedestrian connections and forecourts to monuments which have not been
executed need to be constructed to complete the pedestrian connectivity envisaged in the
original plan of Corbusier. Vehicular circulation leading to the separate parking lots for all
three edifices is under stress due to heavy traffic.

15
Inter State Bus Terminus

Page 19 of 36
 Issue 8: The approach to the nominated property from the city should be
strengthened to ensure easy access to the large number of staff, official
visitors, and litigants and tourists.

Issue 9: Pedestrian circulation within the site should be restored by

completing the pathways and stopping vehicular ingress and parking on the
plaza.

Issue 8: Facilitating easy access to the site.

Policy 8(a) Connectivity to the major nodes like the City Centre, inter state and local bus
stand and railway station should be strengthened by augmenting public transport to facilitate
the office goers and visitors.

Policy 8(b) The nominated site should be integrated into a tourist circuit including the
Sukhna Lake, Rock garden and Leisure valley and connected by means of public transport.

Policy 8(c) Public transport like auto rickshaws and taxis should be provided with dedicated
parking.

Policy 8(d) The connectivity to the proposed Metro Rail Station16 originating near the
Nominated site should be factored in while making the comprehensive accessibility plan for
the site.

Issue 9: Restoring pedestrian circulation within the site

Policy 9(a) The originally perceived circulation pattern as distinctly separate vehicular and
pedestrian movement should be restored by removal of barricading and check posts and
disallowing vehicular access and parking on the plaza.

Policy 9(a) The pedestrian connections should be completed as per the original plan and
cleared of vegetation to facilitate complete access and connectivity within the site.

16
Covering a distance of 12.49 kms, the first corridor of Metro rail will stretch from Chandigarh's Capitol Complex to SAS Nagar's Sector 70. The
project's second corridor will start from Mullanpur and end at the grain market in Panchkula's Sector 20 - 25.7 km in length. The first corridor is
expected to be operational by 2018.

Page 20 of 36
6.4 PARKING FOR USERS AND VISITORS

The parking demands of the users and visitors to the three edifices are growing with that of
the High Court being the maximum17. Presently the parking of Judges’ cars in front of the
High Court is causing pedestrian- vehicular conflict on the plaza. Dedicated parking for
Judges has been created in the Buffer Zone to discourage parking of cars on the plaza.

Additional parking for users and visitors is being accommodated in the Buffer areas but is
still falling short.

Parking for tourists is being met through dedicated parking provided alongside the Tourist
Information Centre, the nearby parking spaces along the Uttar Marg (Rock garden, Sukhna
Lake) and Jan Marg. Public transport, taxi, auto and battery operated tourist carts are also
available and parked at designated points for the convenience of the tourist.

Issue 10: The increasing pressure on parking for the High Court and Secretariat
buildings should be addressed without compromising on the layout of the site.

Issue 11: With additional traffic generated by increased tourist visitation to the
Nominated Property, parking needs will have to be addressed and resolved
using areas in the buffer zone.

Issue 10: Additional Parking for the High Court and Secretariat

Policy 10(a): To decrease the pressure on parking within the limited space available, public
transport between the nominated site and important nodes in the city should be
strengthened in terms of numbers, options and frequency to discourage use of private
vehicles. The launch of the Metro Project will ease the pressure on parking in the future.

Policy 10(b): Multi -level parking in the buffer zone should be considered- for the High Court
and Secretariat building after approval of the CHCC to ascertain that it does conflict with the
views and vistas of the nominated site.

17 The High Court has been provided with a multilevel subterranean parking in addition to the existing surface parking . For
the High Court alone, as per figures approximately 2, 90,000 sq.ft of area has been projected to park 3500-4000 four
wheelers and 25000-3000 two wheelers. Source- Chandigarh Masterplan 2031.

Page 21 of 36
Issue 11: Parking needs due to increased tourist visitation

Policy 11(a): The existing parking lots of the adjoining Rock Garden, Sukhna Lake and
parking lots along the Uttar Marg should be managed in a holistic manner to cater to
increased visitation to the site. Battery operated carts from these parking lots should be
increased to facilitate access to the property.

Policy 11(b): Parking near the Tourist Information Centre should be limited to the present
planned area. Larger tourist transport should be parked in adjacent lots listed above.

7.0. RISK MANAGEMENT

Being extensively used as the administrative head of the city and falling in the highly
sensitive seismic zone IV, the nominated property faces many risks and threats which
become more critical due to the high density of users and the sensitive nature of use. The
edifices planned and constructed almost 60 years back do not comply with present day
norms of fire safety and emergency evacuation.

The main issues to be addressed in holistic risk management plan for the entire site and its
components are;

7.1 Fire Safety: The multi storied Secretariat building and the High Court have a high
density of staff, and visitors with large amount of inflammable paper work. Present Fire
fighting systems have been incorporated in an incongruous manner affecting the aesthetics
of the interiors and exteriors. Fire audit reports of the three edifices have been prepared by
the Fire Department outlining measures to be taken for fire safety and evacuation. The
implementation of these measures shall be undertaken by the Engineering Department in
consultation with the Department of Urban Planning and the subsequent approval of the
CHCC.

Mock fire drills have been conducted to verify the efficacy of the evacuation in the High
Court. The nearest fire station is close by and easy access to the site is possible. However,
unhindered internal circulation for fire tenders within the property needs to be planned out.

7.2 Seismic activity: Acknowledging the location of the property in the high risk seismic
Zone 4, detailed condition assessment of the edifices is being carried out by Central Building
Research Institute, Roorkee (CBRI) to check the structural stability of the over 60 year old

Page 22 of 36
edifices. The buildings do not show any adverse affects of previous earthquakes in the
region.

7.3 Man made threats: Being the Administrative head of the city the Complex is vulnerable
to arson and terrorist attacks. Security concerns have lead to the deputation of over 1300
security personnel all over the site. The hutments and barricades are compromising the
aesthetics of the property. Evacuation and relief plan in case of emergency needs to be
worked out for all eventualities.

Issue 12: A Risk Management Plan to counter all possible hazards such as fire,
disaster and emergency situations in and around the Nominated Property
should be formulated and implemented for the improved safety and visitation to
the property.

Issue 12: Formulation and implementation of Risk Management plan

Policy 12(a): The preparation of a holistic risk management plan for the entire site and also
the independent edifices should be initiated under the guidance of experts. The plan should
cover measures to minimise and efficiently handle threats of fire, natural calamities,
weathering of materials and man made threats.

Policy 125(b): The risk management plan should be dovetailed into the city level planning
Policy 12(c): Modern means of surveillance should be sensitively incorporated in the site to
enhance security without compromising the accessibility and overall aesthetics of the site.

Policy 12(c): Mock drills should be conducted periodically to assess the risk preparedness
of all agencies concerned in diverse situations of threat to the property and its users.

8.0 INTERPRETATION, EDUCATION AND OUTREACH

The ensemble of the edifices, monuments and landscape elements of the Capitol Complex
represents the most tangible manifestation of the architectural and urban design theories of
Le Corbusier and has as such become a Mecca for architects, historians, researchers and
scholars from all over the world. Fortunately, a vast amount of deeply researched and
authentic literature is available documenting all the aspects of the Capitol Complex. The

Page 23 of 36
Chandigarh Museum, Sector 10 and the Le Corbusier Centre, Sector 1918, showcase
extensive drawings, models and literature for the awareness of the citizens and visitors
regarding the nominated property. The Museum at the High court is a source of information
regarding the same.

Numerous publications and research papers on the various aspects of the Capitol Complex
are constantly being produced by national and international authors. The Complex has also
been the subject of many undergraduate, post graduate and doctoral Thesis locally and
globally.

However, awareness regarding the Complex is limited to scholars and historians and needs
to be augmented through frequent heritage walks, dissemination of information to students
and citizens through agencies like INTACH19 to promote it.

Issue13: Integration of educational and outreach programmes should be geared

towards sensitising the visitors, users and stake holders regarding the heritage
of the property.

Issue14: Scholarly research should be encouraged and facilitated in all

possible ways to ensure the long term protection of its OUV and its subsequent
management as it is a living heritage vulnerable to development pressures.

Issue 15: A comprehensive interpretation plan should be developed through

various interpretive mediums including audio visuals, signage, publications,
brochures and a dedicated website.

Issue13: Integration of sensitising the visitors, users and stake holders

Policy 13(a) To ensure that the heritage value of the Capitol Complex is understood and
appreciated by a larger section of society, visitors and stakeholders a multi pronged
approach should be adopted to create awareness and outreach regarding the site.

18
Le Corbusier Centre is housed in the building formerly called Architect’s office in which Corbusier and his
associates worked on the Chandigarh Project.
19
INTACH- Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage.

Page 24 of 36
Issue14: Encouraging and facilitating study and research

Policy 14(a): Study and research on all aspects of the nominated property should be
encouraged by providing access to both the property and previous research and literature
already available. A dedicated Heritage Cell should facilitate dissemination of knowledge
and provide avenues for further research.

Policy 14(b): Short and long term research projects in partnership with national and
international schools of architecture, Fondation Le Corbusier ,France and other leading
historians and scholars should be initiated and promoted by the Chandigarh College of
Architecture and Chandigarh Administration.

Issue 15: Developing a comprehensive interpretation plan

Policy 15(a): The Department of Tourism should augment the literature available on the
nominated property in the form of publications, brochures and a dedicated website
highlighting the aspects of the Capitol Complex in an easily understood and visually
attractive format to facilitate its interpretation at a local, national and global level.

Policy 15(b): Adequate signage in the city and within the Complex should facilitate
awareness and understanding of the site.

9. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

The Chandigarh Administration earmarks sufficient funds for maintenance, conservation,

valorisation and tourism promotion of the Nominated Property. A dedicated budget is made
available for the annual short and long-term maintenance of the Nominated Property. An
amount of Rs, 1583.55 lacs has been allocated by the Finance Department, U.T. for
maintenance of all Govt. Non-Residential Buildings for the current financial year 2013-14. No
separate allocation for the Capitol Complex has so far been provided. An expenditure of
about Rs. 23.98 crore has been incurred in the last 10 years for the maintenance of Capitol
Complex. However, keeping in view the nomination to World Heritage Status, funds
commensurate with the needs of the Management Plan should be allocated in a time bound
manner to sustain long-term conservation of the site. Further, inscription as a World Heritage
Site will help perpetuate success in attracting funding for conservation and enhancement
from a range of sources due to the importance and prestige associated with an
internationally important site of Corbusier’s architectural legacy.

Page 25 of 36
 Issue 16: A detailed Financial Plan for the implementation and sustenance of the
management plan should be worked out to support the short and long term conservation
and promotion of the site.

ISSUE16: Financial plan for the implementation and sustenance of the

management plan.

Policy 16(a): The expected expenditure for the necessary conservation measures and for
implementation of the management plan should be worked out in consultation with the
diverse agencies involved.

Policy 16(a): A dedicated and detailed financial plan for the implementation and sustenance
of the conservation plan, management plan, interpretation plan etc. should be created
besides the funds needed for regular upkeep and maintenance of the site.

Page 26 of 36
IMPLEMENTING THE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Page 27 of 36
The policies and strategies outlined in the management plan need to be diligently
implemented and closely monitored to ensure the effective and holistic conservation and
promotion of the nominated property of Capitol Complex. This section outlines the provisions
and programs that would ensure the same with suitable time frames for implementation and
periodic monitoring at appropriate intervals.

RESPONSIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN

The Chandigarh Administration and its various Departments are responsible for the
implementation of majority of the policies as the ownership and administrative control of the
nominated property lies with them. However there are many other local and interstate
agencies whose active participation and commitment is required for the successful
implementation and sustenance of management plan. The process shall be initiated and
completed in the following manner:

1. The first step would be the formal framing and implementation of policies and
strategies, including committed partnerships with agencies and stake holders
involved. The formal framing of the policy would involve:
a. Defining the role and responsibility of each agency and agreeing on specific
tasks and time lines.
b. Specifying tangible targets and indicators of progress.
c. Detailing the resources –manual, financial and administrative- for achieving
the outlined tasks within the time frame agreed on.
2. Conducting surveys, condition assessment, maintenance works, etc for framing
further policies and actions.
3. Monitoring and measuring implementation of those policies and actions set out in
Part 5 by following up with the stakeholders responsible for implementing the action
plan.
4. Finalising the indicators for each subset and agreeing on the format of annual reports
on the progress of each.
5. Formalising the establishment of a dedicated World Heritage Centre after the
inscription of the site to oversee the implementation of Management plan.
6. Continuous and regular appraisal of the indicators for revising the policies as and
when needed to address new issues arising post inscription.

Page 28 of 36
The tabulation below outlines the key roles/areas of action of agencies involved indicating areas of individual
responsibility of Departments within the Chandigarh Administration.

AGENCY/ ROLE/AREA OF ACTION

STAKEHOLDER
Chandigarh Administration  Policy decisions regarding management of additions/alterations to
buildings in consultation with stakeholders and state parties.
 Interstate negotiations for management of area beyond northern buffer
and shared buildings in nominated property.
 Decision for removal of barricade on plaza.
 Empowering a Statutory body (Chandigarh Heritage Conservation
Committee, CHCC) for overseeing all future interventions.
 Establishment of World Heritage Centre post inscription.
Department of Urban Planning  Co-ordinating for completion of plaza and circulation as per original
scheme.
 Co-ordination with Horticulture Department to implement a landscape
plan as per original scheme
Interstate committee with  Additions and alterations in Assembly & Secretariat Building
Punjab and Haryana  Maintenance and protection of buffer
Registrar ,High Court  Circulation and parking of Judges’ vehicles.
 Decisions on removal of Additions and alterations.
Department of Tourism  Visitor /Tourist Management
 Promotion of the site at local and global level.
Department of Engineering  Maintenance and repair of buildings, monuments and plaza.
 Implementation of the Landscaping Plan as per original scheme and its
upkeep by Department of Horticulture.
Department of Finance  Budgetary allocation for maintenance works and additional staff for
upkeep of property-annual amount, long term financing of retro fitting
etc.
CBRI20, Roorkee.  Detailed condition assessment of buildings as/ MOU.

National Disaster Management  Risk preparedness assessment, conducting mock drills, and
Agency suggestions for retrofitting.
UT Fire and Emergency  Risk preparedness, mock drills, and suggestions for retrofitting.
Department,
Security agencies- Chandigarh  Access of users, visitors while maintaining security.
Police, ITBP21, etc.  Clearing of barricades on plaza.
 Relocation of hutments/tents.
 Establishing zones of security for each agency involved.
Chandigarh College of  Capacity building, seminars, courses on conservation of concrete,
Architecture heritage management etc.

20
Central Building and Research Institute, Roorkee, Uttarakhand.
21
ITBP- Indo Tibetian Border Police

Page 29 of 36
Monitoring indicators
Regular and systematic monitoring to assess how the values of the nominated site are being
maintained over time and to measure whether the objectives of the Management Plan are
being achieved is critical to the conservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of the
nominated property. The indicators for monitoring the site are the factors that protect the
authenticity and integrity of the site and thus measure the success or other wise of the
Management Plan. Effective monitoring of these indicators should help in assessing
progress on site, future needs and formation of future annual and five year plans. The table
below enlists the indicators for monitoring, frequency of monitoring and the authority
responsible for the same.

OUV related Monitoring Indicators Frequency of Authority Responsible/

aspect to be Monitoring Location of records
monitored
PLANNING AND Notification and implementation Once with regular Chandigarh Administration,
POLICY of the proposals of Chandigarh monitoring of Interstate Development
Master Plan 2031, implementation Committee, Registrar of High
Court, Department of Tourism.
Recommendations of the Expert As required CHCC22
Heritage Committee
ACCESS AND Update of increase in number of Annually and as per Department of Tourism
VISITATION visitors need
Review of facilities for visitors Annually Department of Tourism
Procedure for security checking Annually and as per Department of Tourism and
need Security agencies
CONSERVATION State of exposed concrete of the Annually Chief engineer’s office, CBRI,
buildings and monuments Roorkee .

Structural stability of the buildings

Once for all and CBRI, Chief Engineer, UT.
later annually
State of Bronze of the Open Once with annual Heritage Cell.
Hand and foundation plaques monitoring
Documentation of later additions Once with regular Department of Urban
and alterations with pictures and monitoring Planning, Engineering
data Department, CCA/ Heritage
Cell.
Removal of present violations, As per progress of C H CC, Engineering
ensuring sensitive interventions works. Department, Department of
in future. Urban Planning / Heritage
Cell.

FURNITURE AND Inventory and Stock taking of Once with Annual Department of Urban
FIXTURES heritage furniture both built in and monitoring. Planning, Engineering
mobile ,tapestries, art work, light Department, CCA/ Heritage
fixtures, enamel door etc. Cell.
22
Chandigarh Heritage Conservation Committee, which shall regulate and monitor the work undertaken by all
agencies with respect to all the indicators.

Page 30 of 36
 Repair and maintenance Complete stock Interstate Development
Once and later as Committee, Heritage
per need. Identification committee.
MANAGEMENT Change in land use if any within As per request from CHCC, Chandigarh
OF BUFFER ZONE the defined buffer zone and of stakeholders and Administration.
areas impacting the OUV. foreseen threats.

FINANCIAL Funds for maintenance and Monthly Department of Finance and

RESOURCES upkeep Chief Engineer, UT.
LANDSCAPING Completing the pathways and Once Department of Urban
AND connections. Planning, Department of
PLANTATION Engineering.
Pruning of trees and removing As per need Department of Urban
unwanted growth to maintain Planning, Horticulture wing of
vistas. Department of Engineering.
Maintenance and upkeep of Daily and As per Horticulture wing of
plantation and greens. need Department of Engineering.
PEDESTRIAN State of concrete finish Annually Chief Engineer’s office
PLAZA
Accessibility across plaza Once Annually Security agencies- ITBP,
Chandigarh Police etc.
Water bodies in front of Assembly Once, maintenance Department of Engineering.
and High Court building as per need
Removal of Parking on plaza Once Chandigarh Administration,
Registrar, Punjab and
Haryana High Court.
RISK Record of accidents and threats Monthly Department of Engineering,
MANAGEMENT in and around the site Department of Traffic
,Department of Home, ITBP,
Chandigarh Police , CRPF
Checking risk As per disaster Deputy Commissioner
preparedness/mock drills management plan ,Chandigarh Administration
with National Disaster
Management Authority, New
Delhi, ITBP, Chandigarh
Police , CRPF, etc.
Reviewing security and Annually Deputy Commissioner
emergency plans Chandigarh Administration
with National Disaster
Management Authority, New
Delhi, Chandigarh Police,
CHCC.

Retrofitting for risk management Implemented and Department of Engineering

and seismic threats monitored as per CHCC, CBRI
need
RESEARCH AND Review of research projects Ongoing and Heritage Cell, CBRI, CCA.
CAPACITY and publications on the continuous. NITTTR23
BUILDING nominated property.

23
National Institute Of Teachers Training and Research, Sector 26, Chandigarh.

Page 31 of 36
Reviewing the Management Plan

The above indicators shall be used to assess the progress and performance of the
Management Plan as per the time schedule mentioned. Moreover, the nominated property is
a living heritage and constantly under developmental, environmental and political pressures-
some of which cannot be anticipated at the time of finalising the Management Plan.
Developments in the future and emergence of new areas of concern may necessitate
revisiting certain policies and creation of new ones to address the changed realities.
To address both the scenarios the Management Plan shall thus be reviewed after five years
in 2019.
To synchronise the Management Plan for the Capitol Complex with that of the Trans
National Serial Nomination, issues common to all the other properties shall be incorporated
as per guidelines received.

Page 32 of 36
TIME FRAMES FOR THE COMPONENTS OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN

The key aspects of the Management Plan have been elaborated in the preceding section.
The following table shows how these aspects are linked and proposed to be implemented in
conjunction with each other, and their anticipated time frames of implementation.

ASPECT OF SUB SECTION TIME FRAME

MANAGEMENT PLAN
Implementation envisaged as :
i)-- one time intervention,
ii) --Ongoing,
iii)--Review task
iv)--To be dealt as specific
projects based on/dovetailed
with /subhead of a larger plan
such as the Conservation
Plan/ Maintenance plan
b) The Built Fabric- The incomplete i) 1 year (one time intervention)
3.0 CONSERVATION Martyr’s Memorial and the Geometric Hill
PLAN shall be completed as per the original
design.
c) Landscape- i) Execution of pathways, i) 0-6 months ,(already underway)
forecourts to complete the overall and then ongoing
composition.
ii) Removal of barricades,
ii) 1 year
iii) Removal of construction sheds,
iii) 1 year
temporary material stores on the plaza
iv) Incongruous plantation and
undergrowth obscuring salient and iv)Immediate and continuous
important views.

3.1 Concrete Conservation

i) To ascertain the structural stability of the
18 months for the Secretariat
Secretariat and subsequently the High
and then extend to the High
Court and the Assembly, vis a vis the high
Court & Secretariat
intensity seismic zone.
ii) A Concrete Conservation and
Preservation Plan should be worked out
5 years
with the help of experts to guide all future
interventions and retrofitting.
3.1.1.2 Conservation of Other Elements
–Bronze Open hand Monument,
2 years
Tapestries, movable, immovable furniture,
uplighters
3.1.2 Architectural Regulations 2 years, Review every 3 years or
earlier as/need .

Page 33 of 36
 4.1 Comprehensive Maintenance Plan i) 2 years (Engineering
4.0 MAINTENANCE & department is currently
MANAGEMENT conducting a survey of the
nominated property)
ii) Review every 18 months or
earlier if specific issue is to be
addressed.
4.2 Maintenance & Management of the 1 year ,an ongoing exercise .
Edifices

Buffer Management Plan would include sub 1 year

5.0 DEVELOPMENT plans for traffic management, tourist circuits, Review Every 5 years
PLAN – BUFFER Architectural and Urban Design guidelines
ZONE /regulations ensuring streets views, vistas,
with an overarching responsibility to safeguard
the larger setting of the nominated property.
6.1 Requirement of Additional Work Space. 2 years
6.0. A Comprehensive plan for the High Court Review every 5 years
USER, VISITOR AND extension located in the Buffer Zone is under
TOURIST preparation.
MANAGEMENT 6.2 Infrastructural Needs i) 1 year
i) Augmentation of tourist facilities,
ii)2 years
ii) Modern means of surveillance and security
iii) Signage at appropriate locations and iii) 1 year
design.
6.3 Pedestrian & Vehicular Accessibility to i) 1 year
the Property:
With additional traffic generated by increased
tourist visitation to the Nominated Property,
parking needs will have to be addressed and
resolved using areas in the buffer zone.

7.1, 7.2 Disaster Mitigation, management and i) 5 years

7.0. Risk Preparedness ii) Review every 3-5 years
RISK MANAGEMENT to cater to Fire and Seismic Safety. Risk iii) Risk preparedness drives for
preparedness against threats to loss of users to be dovetailed with annual
property and life. activity calendar of the Nominated
Property.
a) Dedicated Website for the Nominated i) 6months -1 year
8.0 INTERPRETATION, Property to generate awareness towards its ii) Review and update every year
EDUCATION AND interpretation and to enhance visitation at the with the uploading of the annual
OUTREACH local, national and global levels. activity calendar of the Nominated
Property.
Financial plan for the implementation and i) Annual Plan as a component of
9. FINANCIAL sustenance of the management plan to be the city’s annual budget
MANAGEMENT drafted as a consultative process with various ii)Special funding may accrue post
agencies/ government departments involved inscription.
with the management of the Nominated iii) Review annually to assess
Property special financial inputs to dedicated
projects in the Conservation plan,
Buffer Development plan etc.Risk
Preparedness and annual financial
plan.

Page 34 of 36
Fig 1.Delimitation of Nominated property and its buffer.

Page 35 of 36
Fig.2 Details of Buffer Zone on all sides of the Nominated property.

Page 36 of 36
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Page 1 of 13
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The nomination of the Capitol Complex under the Transnational Serial Nomination of the
Architectural and Urban works of Le Corbusier is an important step towards highlighting the
global impact of Corbusier’s theory and work. The Capitol being the largest ensemble of
Corbusier’s oeuvre needs to be conserved for future generations as a manifestation of all
that he stood for and achieved in his seminal works. From a local point of view the
submission of Capitol Complex shall pave the way for recognition of the Heritage of Modern
Architecture not just in Chandigarh but all over India and the world at large.

Statement of Outstanding Universal Value

The Capitol Complex in Chandigarh is one of the most monumental architectural
compositions of Modern Urbanism by Le Corbusier- an important part of his global legacy
arising out of a unique geo-political and cultural setting. It showcases landmark innovations
in the fields of urban planning, architectural theory and practice and, advancement in
building materials and technology.

The Assembly, the High Court and the Secretariat buildings celebrating the three pillars of
democracy are skilfully juxtaposed in a vast pedestrian plaza. Monuments articulating the
plaza include the Open Hand, the Martyrs Memorial, the Geometric Hill and the Tower of
shadows. Together, the monuments and the edifices of the Complex represent the most
tangible manifestation of the architectural and urban design theories of Le Corbusier. The
unprecedented amalgamation of the principles of CIAM (Congress Internationale
d’Architecture Moderne), with the aspirations of the newly created democracy culminated in
a prototype which continues to deeply impact the development of architecture and urban
planning all over the world.

Considered as his most mature plastic creations, each of the edifices and monuments has a
unique sculptural form based on its function and a strong symbolism inherent in the form
derived for each building. Here one sees a tangible manifestation of the principles of Purism
and Brutalism uniquely tempered by the use of colours to offset the monochromatic finish of
the exposed concrete. The

extensive use of brise-soliel and double roofs for solar control, orientation and design of
fenestrations for trans-aeration, reflecting pools for rain water harvesting and thermal sinks,
terrace gardens etc. were technological innovations for climate responsive architecture. The
creation of complex forms based on a simple structural order within the limited resources of

Page 2 of 13
time, money and manpower was a landmark in the advancement of architectural techniques
in Chandigarh, India and the world at large.

The authenticity and integrity of the Capitol Complex is well maintained in the realised
components i.e. the three edifices and the four monuments as well as the general layout of
the Capitol Complex.

The key issues that directly impact site management have been broadly categorised into
eight main sections in the management plan. These are:
1. Planning and policy
2. Conservation
3. Buffer zone management.
4. Traffic and parking
5. Risk management
6. Research
7. Tourism and visitor management
8. Financial management

The greatest challenges to the protection and management of this living heritage which
sees the influx of thousands of staff, visitors and tourists each day is the issue of security
since the complex houses important state functions. The increasing pressure on the limited
space due to the growing needs and adaptation of the building to meet basic comfort levels
has lead to some alterations and additions. Weathering and wear and tear of the extensively
used exposed concrete due to the extreme tropical climate and excessive use by both users
and visitors, has lead to its deterioration and decay at many places. Many policies and
measures are already in places which are further being elaborated in the holistic
management plan under the heads enlisted above with an aim to create a healthy balance
between preservation and use while maintaining the inherent values of the site.

Page 3 of 13
PART 1

VISION FOR THE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Aims and purpose of the Management Plan

Vision statement for the management plan

The structure of the plan

Page 4 of 13
Aims and purpose of the Management Plan

The nominated property of the Capitol Complex, Chandigarh presents multiple challenges to
its holistic management and conservation. Being the Administrative head of a growing
modern city it is continuously facing pressures of development adaption to modern ways of
working, increasing concerns of security and weathering due to the harsh Tropical climate.
The Management Plan aims to lay out policies that shall become the blueprint for further
action to

1. Preserve and conserve the OUV of the property.

2. Outline interstate and inter departmental cooperation for the maintenance and
management of the site and its buffer.
3. Detail out future programs and measures needed for the sustainable development of
this living heritage without compromising on its historic, aesthetic and functional
values

Vision statement for the management plan

‘Our vision is to conserve, protect and enhance the outstanding universal value of the
Capitol complex Chandigarh as a living repository of the largest and greatest urban
composition of Le Corbusier, sustainably managing the balance between preservation
and use. The Complex shall continue to be a celebration of democracy and an
embodiment of the spirit of modern architecture inspiring present and future and
generations of architects and planners across the world, highlighting the architectural
contribution of the city of Chandigarh.’

The structure of the plan

The Management Plan is presented in six parts that are as follows:

Part 1: Vision And Aims: Outlines the vision and consequent long and short term aims for
the site.

Part 2: Site description highlights the various aspects that contribute to the OUV of the site
and hence form issues for the management plan.

Page 5 of 13
Part 3: Current management and use of the site; assesses the present aspects related to
the same to enlist areas and levels of intervention needed.

Part 4: Key Management Issues: outlining the action needed regarding factors impacting
the OUV of the site as enlisted in Part 3.

Part 5: Policies And Actions: provides a policy framework and an action plan within a
specified time frame to address the key management issues and to achieve the objectives of
the Management Plan

Part 6: Implementing the Management Plan: explains the ways of monitoring and
reviewing the holistic implementation of management plan to sustain the OUV of the site.

Page 6 of 13
PART 2

DESCRIPTION AND SIGNIFICANCE

OF THE SITE.

2.1 Identification of the site

2.2 Site description

2.3 Statement of significance

Page 7 of 13
2.1. Identification of the property

Country: India

State, Province or Region: Chandigarh, India

Name of property: The Capitol Complex, Chandigarh

Geographical Coordinates: 30˚ 44’ 25" N, 76˚ 48’ 30"E

2.2 Brief description of Site

Site and Setting

The nominated property of the Capitol

Complex is strategically and physically located
at the geographic and topographic ‘head’ of the
city- against the backdrop of the Shivalik Hills.
The Complex, along with the ‘Rajendra Park’
on its West and the ‘Sukhna Lake’ on its East,
form the Capitol Parc, which stretches across
the width of the city. The Complex is connected
with the rest of the city through the ceremonial
boulevard, Jan Marg. Towards the North the vast expanse of the site seamlessly
flows towards the foothills of the Shivalik Hills which form the natural backdrop of the
Complex. Towards the south, running parallel to the Capitol Parc is the Uttar Marg, V3
leading further to the Rock garden and the Sukhna Lake, flanked by the low rise and low
density residential Sectors.

Site components

The nominated property comprising the Capitol group of buildings includes the three
monumental edifices of the Secretariat, the High Court and the Assembly spread
over 50 hectares. A vast elevated pedestrian esplanade linking the buildings is
interspersed with the Monuments of the Open Hand with the Trench of
contemplation, The Martyr’s Memorial, The Tower of Shadows, The Geometric Hill,
and the reflecting pools of the High Court and the Assembly. The vast concrete
Page 8 of 13
esplanade facilitates uninterrupted pedestrian linkage between the High Court and
the Assembly and is a central design feature. All vehicular circulation is arranged,
and dug out where necessary, at 5m below the esplanade. Strategically located
artificial hillocks created out of excavated ground from the Capitol site create a “play
of forms’ and help to create vistas that gradually unfold the various components to
the visitor. Mango groves existing at the site were retained and integrated into the
design to form the natural boundary towards the High Court.

The natural backdrop of the Shivalik Hills, though lying beyond the boundaries of the
site, and the uninterrupted vistas form the intangible yet critical part of the
composition and thus become an important element in the Outstanding Universal
Value. Also of relevance are the other creations of Corbusier and smaller elements like
pieces of furniture, lighting fixtures and works of art, including the famed enamel door for the
Legislative Assembly, monumental tapestries and bas relief signs and symbols embossed in
the concrete.

Site planning:

The layout is based around an invisible geometry of three interlocking squares, their
corners and intersection-points marked by ‘Obelisks’. The northern and western
edges of the larger 800m-side square define the boundaries of the Capitol, while the
two smaller, 400m-side squares determine relative placing of the four ‘Edifices’ and
proportions of the spaces in between.
The main edifices are placed on a
cross axis wherein rigid symmetry has
been avoided to enable a visual thrust
towards the hills while providing each
building a suitable foreground. The
present layout clearly reflects the
original planning principles. While the
linear façade of the Secretariat marks
Original layout of the Capitol Complex
the edge of the Complex on the left
side, the Assembly and the High Court are placed on the opposite ends of the cross
axis, facing each other across a 450-metre Esplanade where the monuments
symbolising Le Corbusier’s theories of City Planning have been placed. The

Page 9 of 13
placement of buildings of the Secretariat and the High Court with the longer facades
perpendicular to the hills lend an unobstructed view of the foothills.

Architectural form and construction materials:

Disciplined by a limited budget, a primitive technology and a brutal climate,

Corbusier has been able to create in India an architectural expression surpassing in
power any of his previous efforts. Considered as his most mature plastic creations,
each of the edifices and monuments has a unique sculptural form based on its
function and a strong symbolism inherent in the form derived for each building. Here
one sees a tangible manifestation of the principles of Purism and Brutalism uniquely
tempered by the use of colours to offset the monochromatic finish of the exposed
concrete.
The buildings exhibit the adaptation of European Modernism exploring the
multifarious possibilities of deploying reinforced concrete and the unique expression
that was achieved in this modern material through application of indigenous
techniques and respect for local constraints. The concern for controlling climate
without the aid of mechanical devices is evident in the orientation of the buildings,
the careful design of the brise-soliel as well as intricate systems devised for trans-
aeration. Sculptural gargoyles drain rain water from the expansive roofs into the
pools dotted with river bed stones.

2.3 Statement of Outstanding Universal Value

The Capitol Complex in Chandigarh is one of the most monumental architectural

compositions of Modern Urbanism by Le Corbusier- an important part of his global
legacy arising out of a unique geo-political and cultural setting. It showcases
landmark innovations in the fields of urban planning, architectural theory and practice
and, advancement in building materials and technology.

The Assembly, the High Court and the Secretariat buildings celebrating the three
pillars of democracy are skilfully juxtaposed in a vast pedestrian plaza. Monuments
articulating the plaza include the Open Hand, the Martyrs Memorial, the Geometric
Hill and the Tower of shadows. Together, the monuments and the edifices of the

Page 10 of 13
Complex represent the most tangible manifestation of the architectural and urban
design theories of Le Corbusier. The unprecedented amalgamation of the principles
of CIAM (Congress Internationale d’Architecture Moderne), with the aspirations of
the newly created democracy culminated in a prototype which continues to deeply
impact the development of architecture and urban planning all over the world.

Considered as his most mature plastic creations, each of the edifices and
monuments has a unique sculptural form based on its function and a strong
symbolism inherent in the form derived for each building. Here one sees a tangible
manifestation of the principles of Purism and Brutalism uniquely tempered by the
use of colours to offset the monochromatic finish of the exposed concrete. The
extensive use of brise-soliel and double roofs for solar control, orientation and
design of fenestrations for trans-aeration, reflecting pools for rain water harvesting
and thermal sinks, terrace gardens etc. were technological innovations for climate
responsive architecture. The creation of complex forms based on a simple structural
order within the limited resources of time, money and manpower was a landmark in
the advancement of architectural techniques in Chandigarh, India and the world at
large.

Outstanding Global influence as an object: “masterpiece”

The Capitol Complex is an important landmark in the progression of modern
architecture and thought the world over. This seminal creation transcends national
and temporal boundaries. The abstract geometric composition of the buildings, the
coherent use of ‘Modular’ dimensions to achieve aesthetic proportions, and the
strong symbolism of the sculptural forms created by the use of new building
materials and techniques have elevated the Capitol from a nationalist idiom to a
transnational globalised work of art. Further, overcoming the constraints of local
technology and lack of trained labour became an inspiration for modern architecture
for developing countries all over the world. Corbusier’s concerns towards Sun, space
and verdure are by far represented best in this ensemble.
Strong influence in a region of the world
The creation of the Capitol Complex introduced modernization in South Asia- not just
in architecture and urban planning but also at the cultural, societal, economic and
technological level. It set the stage for ushering in Modernity within the constraints of
a shoestring economy, near absence of mechanized labour and in response to

Page 11 of 13
Chandigarh’s harsh, composite climate. Chandigarh’s Capitol has been a role model
and pace setter for civic architecture in the Indian subcontinent and continues to be a
source of inspiration even today.

Crystallization of an idea that had exceptional and global influence: prototype

The nominated property is one of the most significant and unique examples of
Corbusier’s contribution to the creation of new building types in the realm of civic
architecture. As a global influence, it served as a prototype for contemporaneous
developments such as Doxiadis’s Islamabad, Dodoma in Tanzania, Lucio Costa’s
Brasilia and Louis Kahn’s Dacca. Further, the individual buildings of the Capitol are
in themselves representatives of distinct archetypes- the Secretariat represents a
linear office building addressing concerns of efficient circulation, disposition of office
spaces with abundant natural light and ventilation. The square based Assembly
building symbolic of majesty and power crowned by a sculpturesque skylight and the
double roofed High Court signifying the shelter of law are the principal edifices of the
composition, each a product of the unique interaction between different cultural and
technological influences.

Plastic innovation
The three realised edifices of the Capitol are considered to be the most visually
evocative and expressive plastic creations of Corbusier’s impressive oeuvre as an
artist, architect and sculptor. The aesthetic conceptions are derived from a unique
blend of the elements of purism, brutalism with sculpture and landscape sensitively
correlated to the site planning. It showcases an exceptional mastery of form, space
and structure as a generator of emotional expression. The hallmark of the Complex
is the extensive utilisation of exposed concrete to create one of the grandest
examples of monumental architecture symbolising a free nation state. The use of
primary colours on monumental gateways, tapestries, pylons and joinery elements to
balance the monochromatic concrete created a distinct vocabulary for Brutalist
architecture.
Spatial innovation
The nominated property, strategically located at the uppermost edge of the
administrative city as its symbolic and physical head, encompasses a vast expanse
of space seamlessly merging into the backdrop of the Shivalik Hills. A strong
Page 12 of 13
architectural statement is achieved by the sensitive interrelationship of the
monumental edifices with each other and most importantly with the space they are
set in.This concept of spatial experience is heightened by the juxtaposition of the
monuments such as Geometric Hill, Artificial Mounds and serial visions created by
the designed landscape. The spatial composition reflects abstract planning, spatial
correlation based on the Modular, integration with the natural setting, site responsive
landscaping and sculptural innovations.

Testing of technology and prefabrication

The Capitol with its innovation in design, detailing and execution unleashed the true
potential of modern architectural techniques. It is of great technical significance in
the way it revolutionised the construction techniques, paving the way for the
extensive use of concrete in future constructions.
Climate responsive architecture: The extensive use of brise-soliel and double
roofs for solar control, orientation and design of fenestrations for trans-aeration,
reflecting pools for rain water harvesting and thermal sinks, terrace gardens etc.
were technological innovations for climate responsive architecture. The Tower of
Shadows and the sun dial represent tangible tools for microclimatic amelioration.
Structural innovations The creation of complex forms based on a simple structural
order within the limited resources of time, money and manpower was a landmark in
the advancement of architectural techniques in Chandigarh, India and the world at
large. The construction of the thin hyperboloid shell of the immense column-free,
circular Assembly Hall was a landmark technical achievement displaying the
immense plastic and structural potential of concrete.
Acoustics: Innovative low cost yet effective elements such as the artistic tapestries
in the high ceilinged courtrooms and the free flowing acoustic panels in the assembly
chambers create a skilful union of function and aesthetics.
Modulor: Another important feature is the formalised use of the Modulor on various
scales from site planning and building proportions to the articulation of fenestration.
The Capitol complex is a rare example where the principles of the Modular find
physical manifestation.

Page 13 of 13