Complete List of Python Built-in Functions: A Comprehensive Guide

Python provides 68 built-in functions that offer various capabilities for handling data,
performing computations, and managing program flow. Below is a categorized list with brief
explanations for each function.

1. Basic Functions

 print(*objects, sep=' ', end='\n') – Displays output.

 input(prompt) – Takes user input as a string.

 type(object) – Returns the data type of an object.

 id(object) – Returns the memory address of an object.

 len(iterable) – Returns the number of elements in an iterable.

 repr(object) – Returns a string representation of an object.

 isinstance(object, classinfo) – Checks if an object is an instance of a class.

 issubclass(sub, sup) – Checks if a class is a subclass of another.

 hash(object) – Returns a hash value for an object.

 dir(object) – Lists valid attributes of an object.

2. Numeric & Mathematical Functions

 abs(x) – Returns absolute value of a number.

 pow(x, y, mod=None) – Computes x to the power of y.

 round(x, n=0) – Rounds a number to n decimal places.

 sum(iterable, start=0) – Returns the sum of an iterable.

 max(iterable, *args, key=None) – Returns the largest element.

 min(iterable, *args, key=None) – Returns the smallest element.

 divmod(a, b) – Returns quotient and remainder as a tuple.

 bin(x) – Converts an integer to binary.

 oct(x) – Converts an integer to octal.

3. Sequence & Iterable Functions

 list(iterable) – Creates a list from an iterable.

 tuple(iterable) – Creates a tuple from an iterable.

 range(start, stop, step=1) – Generates a sequence of numbers.

 sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False) – Returns a sorted list.

 enumerate(iterable, start=0) – Returns an iterator with indexes.

 zip(*iterables) – Aggregates elements from multiple iterables.

 map(function, iterable) – Applies a function to each element.

 filter(function, iterable) – Filters elements based on a function.

4. String Functions

 str(object) – Converts an object to a string.

 chr(i) – Returns a character from a Unicode integer.

 ord(c) – Returns the Unicode integer of a character.

 ascii(object) – Returns a printable representation of an object.

 format(value, format_spec) – Formats a value.

 bytes(source, encoding) – Creates a bytes object.

 bytearray(source, encoding) – Creates a mutable bytearray object.

 memoryview(obj) – Creates a memory view of an object.

5. Dictionary & Set Functions

 dict(**kwargs) – Creates a dictionary.

 set(iterable) – Creates a set.

 frozenset(iterable) – Creates an immutable set.

 bool(x) – Converts a value to True or False.

 all(iterable) – Returns True if all elements are true.

 any(iterable) – Returns True if any element is true.

7. Object & Type Handling

 object() – Creates a new object.

 super([type[, object or type]]) – Calls a parent class method.

 classmethod(function) – Converts a function to a class method.

 staticmethod(function) – Converts a function to a static method.

 property(fget, fset, fdel, doc) – Creates a property.

8. File & Input/Output Functions

 open(file, mode='r', encoding=None) – Opens a file.

 help(object) – Displays documentation for an object.

 compile(source, filename, mode) – Compiles source code into a code object.

 eval(expression, globals, locals) – Evaluates a Python expression.

 exec(object, globals, locals) – Executes a Python statement.

 input(prompt) – Accepts user input.

9. Functional Programming & Lambda Functions

 lambda args: expression – Creates an anonymous function.

 reduce(function, iterable) – Applies a function cumulatively (from functools).

 next(iterator, default) – Retrieves the next item from an iterator.

 iter(iterable, sentinel=None) – Creates an iterator.

 globals() – Returns the global symbol table.

 locals() – Returns the local symbol table.

 vars([object]) – Returns __dict__ attribute of an object.

 callable(object) – Checks if an object is callable.

 delattr(object, name) – Deletes an attribute from an object.

 getattr(object, name, default) – Retrieves an attribute.

 setattr(object, name, value) – Sets an attribute.

 hasattr(object, name) – Checks if an object has an attribute.

 id(object) – Returns the memory location of an object.

 hash(object) – Returns a hash value.

 repr(object) – Returns a string representation.

 dir(object) – Lists attributes of an object.

This list covers all 68 built-in Python functions with their descriptions. 🚀